Thermal stability and flammability characteristics of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) composites blended with a phenyl phosphonate-intercalated layered double hydroxide (LDH), melamine polyphosphate and/or boric acid

Polymer Degradation and Stability

Volumn 94, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 513-520

  Nyambo, Calistor ^a   Kandare, Everson ^b   Wilkie, Charles A ^a  

^a Marquette University   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BOLTON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Boric acid; EVA; Layered double hydroxide; Melamine polyphosphate; Synergy

Indexed keywords

BORIDE COATINGS; CALORIMETRY; CAPILLARY FLOW; ETHYLENE; FLAMMABILITY; FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; FOURIER TRANSFORMS; INORGANIC ACIDS; MELAMINE FORMALDEHYDE RESINS; POLYMERS; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY; THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS;

BORIC ACID; EVA; LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDE; MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE; SYNERGY;

POLYVINYL ACETATES;

EID: 61849179643     PISSN: 01413910     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.01.028     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Dutta S.K., Bhownick A.K., Mukunda P.G., and Chaki T.K. Thermal degradation studies of electron beam cured ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Polym Degrad Stab 50 (1995) 75-82
2. Laoutid F., Ferry L., Leroy E., and Lopez Cuesta J.M. Intumescent mineral fire retardant systems in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer: effect of silica particles on char cohesion. Polym Degrad Stab 91 (2006) 2140-2145
3. Wang D.-Y., Cai X.-X., Qu M.-H., Liu Y., Wang J.-S., and Wang Y.-Z. Preparation and flammability of a novel intumescent flame-retardant poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) system. Polym Degrad Stab 93 (2008) 2186-2192
4. Peeterbroeck S., Alexandre M., Nagy J.B., Pirlot C., Fonseca A., Moreau N., et al. Polymer-layered silicate-carbon nanotube nanocomposites: unique nanofiller synergistic effect. Compos Sci Technol 64 (2004) 2317-2323
5. Fengge Gao F., Beyer G., and Yuan Q. A mechanistic study of fire retardancy of carbon nanotube/ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers and their clay composites. Polym Degrad Stab 89 (2005) 559-564
6. Alexandre M., and Dubois P. Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites: preparation, properties and uses of a new class of materials. Mater Sci Eng R Reports 28 (2000) 1-63
7. Zhang J, Hereid J, Hagen M, Bakirtzis D, Delichatsios MA. Effects of nanoclay and fire retardants on fire retardancy of a polymer blend of EVA and LDPE. Fire Safety J, in press. doi:10.1016/j.firsaf.2008.10.005.
8. Baillet C., and Delfosse L. The combustion of polyolefins filled with metallic hydroxides and antimony trioxide. Polym Degrad Stab 30 (1990) 89-99
9. Ye L., and Qu B. Flammability characteristics and flame retardant mechanism of phosphate-intercalated hydrotalcite in halogen-free flame retardant EVA blends. Polym Degrad Stab 93 (2008) 918-924
10. Zhang G., Ding P., Zhang M., and Qu B. Synergistic effects of layered double hydroxide with hyperfine magnesium hydroxide in halogen-free flame retardant EVA/HFMH/LDH nanocomposites. Polym Degrad Stab 92 (2007) 1715-1720
11. Du L., Qu B., and Xu Z. Flammability characteristics and synergistic effect of hydrotalcite with microencapsulated red phosphorus in halogen-free flame retardant EVA composite. Polym Degrad Stab 91 (2006) 995-1001
12. Camino G., Maffezzoli A., Braglia M., De Lazzaro M., and Zammarano M. Effect of hydroxides and hydroxycarbonate structure on fire retardant effectiveness and mechanical properties in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Polym Degrad Stab 74 (2001) 457-464
13. Dimotakis E.D., and Pinnavaia T.J. New route to new layered double hydroxides intercalated by organic anions: precursors to polyoxometalate-pillared derivatives. Inorg Chem 29 (1990) 2393-2394
14. Wang D., Zhu J., Yao Q., and Wilkie C.A. A comparison of various methods for the preparation of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) clay nanocomposites. Chem Mater 14 (2002) 3837-3843
15. Costa F.R., Leuteritz A., Wagenknecht U., Jehnichen D., Häußler L., and Heinrich G. Intercalation of Mg-Al layered double hydroxide by anionic surfactants: preparation and characterization. Appl Clay Sci 27 (2004) 159-177
16. Nijs H., Clearfield A., and Vansant E.F. The intercalation of phenyl phosphonic acid in layered double hydroxides. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 23 (1998) 97-108
17. Nyambo C., Kandare E., Wang D., and Wilkie C.A. Flame-retarded polystyrene: investigating chemical interactions between ammonium polyphosphate and MgAl layered double hydroxide. Polym Degrad Stab 93 (2008) 1656-1663
18. Nyambo C., Songtipya P., Manias E., Jimenez-Gasco M., and Wilkie C.A. Effect of MgAl-layered double hydroxide exchanged with linear alkyl carboxylates on fire retardancy of PMMA and PS. J Mater Chem 28 (2008) 4827-4838
19. Nyambo C., Wang D., and Wilkie C.A. Will layered double hydroxides give nanocomposites with polar or non-polar polymers?. Polym Adv Technol (2008) doi:10.1002/pat.1272
20. Bourbigot S., and Duquesne S. Fire retardant polymers: recent developments and opportunities. J Mater Chem 17 (2007) 2283-2300
21. Costa L., and Camino G. Thermal behavior of melamine. J Therm Anal 34 (1988) 423-429
22. Jahromi S., Gabriëlse W., and Braam A. Effect of melamine polyphosphate on thermal degradation of polyamides: a combined X-ray diffraction and solid-state NMR study. Polymer 44 (2003) 25-37
23. Jimenez M., Duquesne S., and Bourbigot S. Intumescent fire protective coating: toward a better understanding of their mechanism of action. Thermochim Acta 449 (2006) 16-26
24. Zanetti M., Camino G., Thomann R., and Mülhaupt R. Synthesis and thermal behaviour of layered silicate-EVA nanocomposites. Polymer 42 (2001) 4501-4507
25. Riva A., Camino G., Fomperie L., and Amigouët P. Fire retardant mechanism in intumescent ethylene vinyl acetate compositions. Polym Degrad Stab 82 (2003) 341-346
26. Zanetti M., Kashiwagi T., Falqui L., and Camino G. Cone calorimeter combustion and gasification studies of polymer layered silicate nanocomposites. Chem Mater 14 (2002) 881-887
27. Costache M.C., Jiang D.D., and Wilkie C.A. Thermal degradation of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer nanocomposites. Polymer 46 (2005) 6947-6958
28. Wu Q., Lu J., and Qu B. Preparation and characterization of microcapsulated red phosphorous and its flame-retardant mechanism in halogen-free flame retardant polyolefins. Polym Int 52 (2003) 1326-1331
29. Braun U., Schartel B., Fichera M.A., and Jäger C. Flame retardancy mechanisms of aluminum phosphinate in combination with melamine polyphosphate and zinc borate in glass-fibre reinforced polyamide 6,6. Polym Degrad Stab 92 (2007) 1528-1545