메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 83, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 25-34

Downed wood microclimates and their potential impact on plethodontid salamander habitat in the oregon coast range

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMPHIBIAN; HEADWATER; MAMMAL; MICROCLIMATE; MICROHABITAT; TAXONOMY; TEMPERATURE PROFILE; WOOD;

EID: 61849145265     PISSN: 0029344X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3955/046.083.0103     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (38)

References (49)
  • 1
    • 34147095438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Riparian buffer and density management influences on microclimate of young headwater forests of western Oregon
    • Anderson, P. D., D. J. Larson, and S.S. Chan. 2007. Riparian buffer and density management influences on microclimate of young headwater forests of western Oregon. Forest Science 53:254-269.
    • (2007) Forest Science , vol.53 , pp. 254-269
    • Anderson, P.D.1    Larson, D.J.2    Chan, S.S.3
  • 2
    • 0024183923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aubry, K. B., L. L. C. Jones, and P. A. Hall. 1988. Use of woody debris by plethodontid salamanders in Douglas-fir forest in Washington. In R. C. Szaro, K. E. Severson, and D. R. Patton, (technical coordinators), Management of amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals in North America. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report RM-166. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO. Pp. 32-37.
    • Aubry, K. B., L. L. C. Jones, and P. A. Hall. 1988. Use of woody debris by plethodontid salamanders in Douglas-fir forest in Washington. In R. C. Szaro, K. E. Severson, and D. R. Patton, (technical coordinators), Management of amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals in North America. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report RM-166. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO. Pp. 32-37.
  • 3
    • 0033675308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amphibians in managed, second-growth Douglas-fir forests
    • Aubry, K.B. 2000. Amphibians in managed, second-growth Douglas-fir forests. Journal of Wildlife Management 64:1041-1052.
    • (2000) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.64 , pp. 1041-1052
    • Aubry, K.B.1
  • 4
    • 85041153585 scopus 로고
    • The biology of amphibians and reptiles in old-growth forests in the Pacific Northwest
    • PNW-337. Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR
    • Blaustein, A. R., J. J. Beatty, D. H. Olson, and R. M. Storm. 1995. The biology of amphibians and reptiles in old-growth forests in the Pacific Northwest. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-337. Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR.
    • (1995) USDA Forest Service General Technical Report
    • Blaustein, A.R.1    Beatty, J.J.2    Olson, D.H.3    Storm, R.M.4
  • 5
    • 12244296807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nests of the Van Dyke's salamander (Plethodon vandykei) from the Olympic Peninsula, Washington
    • Blessing, B. J., E. P. Phenix, L. L. C. Jones, and M. G. Raphael. 1999. Nests of the Van Dyke's salamander (Plethodon vandykei) from the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Northwestern Naturalist 80:77-81.
    • (1999) Northwestern Naturalist , vol.80 , pp. 77-81
    • Blessing, B.J.1    Phenix, E.P.2    Jones, L.L.C.3    Raphael, M.G.4
  • 6
    • 0000913784 scopus 로고
    • A preliminary review of the thermal requirements of amphibians
    • Brattstrom, B. H. 1963. A preliminary review of the thermal requirements of amphibians. Ecology 44:238-255.
    • (1963) Ecology , vol.44 , pp. 238-255
    • Brattstrom, B.H.1
  • 7
    • 0001075827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harvesting effects on microclimatic gradients from small streams to uplands in western Washington
    • Brosofske, K. D., J. Chen, R. J. Naiman, and J. F. Franklin. 1997. Harvesting effects on microclimatic gradients from small streams to uplands in western Washington. Ecological Applications 7:1188-1200.
    • (1997) Ecological Applications , vol.7 , pp. 1188-1200
    • Brosofske, K.D.1    Chen, J.2    Naiman, R.J.3    Franklin, J.F.4
  • 8
    • 61849093791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brown, T. K. 2002. Creating and maintaining wildlife, insect and fish habitat structures in dead wood. In W. F. Laudenslayer, Jr., P. J. Patrick, V. E. Valentine, C. P. Weatherspoon, and T. E. Lisle (editors), Proceedings of the symposium on the ecology and management of dead wood in western forests. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PS W-181. Pacific Southwest Research Station, Albany, CA. Pp. 883-892.
    • Brown, T. K. 2002. Creating and maintaining wildlife, insect and fish habitat structures in dead wood. In W. F. Laudenslayer, Jr., P. J. Patrick, V. E. Valentine, C. P. Weatherspoon, and T. E. Lisle (editors), Proceedings of the symposium on the ecology and management of dead wood in western forests. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PS W-181. Pacific Southwest Research Station, Albany, CA. Pp. 883-892.
  • 9
    • 0035204532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spiders (Aranae) associated with downed woody material in a deciduous forest in central Alberta, Canada
    • Buddie, C. M. 2001. Spiders (Aranae) associated with downed woody material in a deciduous forest in central Alberta, Canada. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 3:241-251.
    • (2001) Agricultural and Forest Entomology , vol.3 , pp. 241-251
    • Buddie, C.M.1
  • 10
    • 0024182947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bury, R. B., and P. S. Corn. 1988. Douglas-fir forests in the Oregon and Washington Cascades: relation of the herpetofauna to stand age and moisture. In R. C. Szaro, K. E. Severson, and D. R. Patton, (technical coordinators), Management of amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals in North America. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report RM-166. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. Fort Collins, CO. Pp. 11-22.
    • Bury, R. B., and P. S. Corn. 1988. Douglas-fir forests in the Oregon and Washington Cascades: relation of the herpetofauna to stand age and moisture. In R. C. Szaro, K. E. Severson, and D. R. Patton, (technical coordinators), Management of amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals in North America. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report RM-166. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. Fort Collins, CO. Pp. 11-22.
  • 11
    • 61849130708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bury, R. B., P. S. Corn, and K. B. Aubry. 1991. Regional patterns of terrestrial amphibian communities in Oregon and Washington. In L. F. Ruggerio, K. B. Aubry, A. B. Carey, and M. H. Huff, (editors), Wildlife and vegetation of unmanaged Douglas-fir forests. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-285. Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland. OR. Pp. 341-350.
    • Bury, R. B., P. S. Corn, and K. B. Aubry. 1991. Regional patterns of terrestrial amphibian communities in Oregon and Washington. In L. F. Ruggerio, K. B. Aubry, A. B. Carey, and M. H. Huff, (editors), Wildlife and vegetation of unmanaged Douglas-fir forests. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-285. Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland. OR. Pp. 341-350.
  • 12
    • 0033954310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations of forest-floor vertebrates with coarse woody debris in managed forests of western Oregon
    • Butts, S. R., and W. C. McComb. 2000. Associations of forest-floor vertebrates with coarse woody debris in managed forests of western Oregon. Journal of Wildlife Management 64:95-104.
    • (2000) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.64 , pp. 95-104
    • Butts, S.R.1    McComb, W.C.2
  • 13
    • 0028974727 scopus 로고
    • Small mammals in managed, naturally young, and old-growth forests
    • Carey, A. B., and M. L. Johnson. 1995. Small mammals in managed, naturally young, and old-growth forests. Ecological Applications 5:336-352.
    • (1995) Ecological Applications , vol.5 , pp. 336-352
    • Carey, A.B.1    Johnson, M.L.2
  • 14
    • 1842647636 scopus 로고
    • Contrasting microclimates among clearcut, edge and interior of old-growth Douglas-fir forest
    • Chen, J., J. F. Franklin, and T. A. Spies. 1993. Contrasting microclimates among clearcut, edge and interior of old-growth Douglas-fir forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 63:219-237.
    • (1993) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , vol.63 , pp. 219-237
    • Chen, J.1    Franklin, J.F.2    Spies, T.A.3
  • 16
    • 61849130174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Com, P. S., and R. B. Bury. 1991. Terrestrial amphibian communities in the Oregon Coast Range. In L. F. Ruggerio, K. B. Aubry, A. B. Carey, and M. H. Huff, (editors), Wildlife and vegetation of unmanaged Douglas-fir forests. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-285. Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR. Pp. 305-318.
    • Com, P. S., and R. B. Bury. 1991. Terrestrial amphibian communities in the Oregon Coast Range. In L. F. Ruggerio, K. B. Aubry, A. B. Carey, and M. H. Huff, (editors), Wildlife and vegetation of unmanaged Douglas-fir forests. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-285. Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR. Pp. 305-318.
  • 17
    • 0002212938 scopus 로고
    • Aspects of the ecology of the Pacific slender salamander, Batrachoseps pacificus, in southern California
    • Cunningham, J. D. 1960. Aspects of the ecology of the Pacific slender salamander, Batrachoseps pacificus, in southern California. Ecology 41:88-99.
    • (1960) Ecology , vol.41 , pp. 88-99
    • Cunningham, J.D.1
  • 18
    • 0031948164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of silvicultural edges on the distribution and abundance of amphibians in Maine
    • deMaynadier, P. G., and M. L. Hunter, Jr. 1998. Effects of silvicultural edges on the distribution and abundance of amphibians in Maine. Conservation Biology 12:340-352.
    • (1998) Conservation Biology , vol.12 , pp. 340-352
    • deMaynadier, P.G.1    Hunter Jr., M.L.2
  • 19
    • 0003473014 scopus 로고
    • The ecological relations of sympatry in Plethodon dunni and Plethodon vehiculum
    • Dumas, P.C. 1956. The ecological relations of sympatry in Plethodon dunni and Plethodon vehiculum. Ecology 63:484-495.
    • (1956) Ecology , vol.63 , pp. 484-495
    • Dumas, P.C.1
  • 20
    • 0028978885 scopus 로고
    • Relation of terrestrial-breeding amphibian abundance to tree- stand age
    • Dupuis, L.A., J. N. M. Smith, and F. Bunnell. 1995. Relation of terrestrial-breeding amphibian abundance to tree- stand age. Conservation Biology 9:645-653.
    • (1995) Conservation Biology , vol.9 , pp. 645-653
    • Dupuis, L.A.1    Smith, J.N.M.2    Bunnell, F.3
  • 21
    • 0020859472 scopus 로고
    • Integrating the ecology and physiology of plethodontid salamanders
    • Feder, M. E. 1983. Integrating the ecology and physiology of plethodontid salamanders. Herpetologica 39:291-310.
    • (1983) Herpetologica , vol.39 , pp. 291-310
    • Feder, M.E.1
  • 23
    • 33845289624 scopus 로고
    • Creating landscape patterns by forest cutting: Ecological consequences and principles
    • Franklin, J. F., and R. T. T. Forman. 1987. Creating landscape patterns by forest cutting: ecological consequences and principles. Landscape Ecology 1:5-18.
    • (1987) Landscape Ecology , vol.1 , pp. 5-18
    • Franklin, J.F.1    Forman, R.T.T.2
  • 24
    • 0000611184 scopus 로고
    • Environmental factors influencing local distribution and abundance of the salamander, Plethodon cinereus
    • Heatwole, H. 1962. Environmental factors influencing local distribution and abundance of the salamander, Plethodon cinereus. Ecology 43:460-472.
    • (1962) Ecology , vol.43 , pp. 460-472
    • Heatwole, H.1
  • 25
    • 33645856145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in microclimate associated with dispersed-retention harvests in coniferous forests of western Washington
    • Heithecker, T. D., and C. B. Halpern. 2006. Variation in microclimate associated with dispersed-retention harvests in coniferous forests of western Washington. Forest Ecology and Management 226:60-71.
    • (2006) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.226 , pp. 60-71
    • Heithecker, T.D.1    Halpern, C.B.2
  • 26
    • 0002793593 scopus 로고
    • Microhabitats of a terrestrial forest salamander
    • Jaeger, R. G. 1980. Microhabitats of a terrestrial forest salamander. Copeia 1980:265-268.
    • (1980) Copeia 1980 , pp. 265-268
    • Jaeger, R.G.1
  • 27
    • 34147157409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jones, L. L. C, W. P. Leonard, and D. H. Olson editors, Seattle Audubon Society, Seattle, WA
    • Jones, L. L. C., W. P. Leonard, and D. H. Olson (editors). 2005. Amphibians of the Pacific Northwest. Seattle Audubon Society, Seattle, WA.
    • (2005) Amphibians of the Pacific Northwest
  • 28
    • 61849182641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Koenings, E., P. J. Shea, R. Borys, and M. L. Haverty. 2002. An investigation of the insect fauna associated with coarse woody debris of Pinus ponderosa and Abies concolor in northeastern California. In W. F. Laudenslayer, Jr., P. J. Patrick, V. E. Valentine, C. P. Weatherspoon, and T. E. Lisle (editors), Proceedings of the symposium on the ecology and management of dead wood in western forests. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PS W-181. Pacific Southwest Research Station, Albany, CA. Pp. 97-110.
    • Koenings, E., P. J. Shea, R. Borys, and M. L. Haverty. 2002. An investigation of the insect fauna associated with coarse woody debris of Pinus ponderosa and Abies concolor in northeastern California. In W. F. Laudenslayer, Jr., P. J. Patrick, V. E. Valentine, C. P. Weatherspoon, and T. E. Lisle (editors), Proceedings of the symposium on the ecology and management of dead wood in western forests. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PS W-181. Pacific Southwest Research Station, Albany, CA. Pp. 97-110.
  • 29
    • 61849116867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lehmkuhl, J. F., and L. F. Ruggiero. 1991. Forest fragmentation in the Pacific Northwest and its potential effects on wildlife. In L. F. Ruggerio, K. B. Aubry, A. B. Carey, and M. H. Huff, (editors), Wildlife and vegetation of unmanaged Douglas-fir forests. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-285. Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR. Pp. 35-69.
    • Lehmkuhl, J. F., and L. F. Ruggiero. 1991. Forest fragmentation in the Pacific Northwest and its potential effects on wildlife. In L. F. Ruggerio, K. B. Aubry, A. B. Carey, and M. H. Huff, (editors), Wildlife and vegetation of unmanaged Douglas-fir forests. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-285. Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR. Pp. 35-69.
  • 30
    • 0028165786 scopus 로고
    • Coarse woody debris and forest floor respiration in an old-growth conifer forest on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington, USA
    • Marra, J. L., and R. L. Edmonds. 1994. Coarse woody debris and forest floor respiration in an old-growth conifer forest on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington, USA. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24:1811-1817.
    • (1994) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.24 , pp. 1811-1817
    • Marra, J.L.1    Edmonds, R.L.2
  • 31
    • 0029663707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coarse woody debris and soil respiration in a clearcut on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington, USA
    • Marra, J. L., and R. L. Edmonds. 1996. Coarse woody debris and soil respiration in a clearcut on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington, USA. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26:1337-1345.
    • (1996) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.26 , pp. 1337-1345
    • Marra, J.L.1    Edmonds, R.L.2
  • 32
    • 0242275426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amphibian habitat associations at patch and landscape scales in the Central Oregon Coast Range
    • Martin, K. J., and B. C. McComb. 2003. Amphibian habitat associations at patch and landscape scales in the Central Oregon Coast Range. Journal of Wildlife Management 67:672-683.
    • (2003) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.67 , pp. 672-683
    • Martin, K.J.1    McComb, B.C.2
  • 33
    • 0004085627 scopus 로고
    • The seen and unseen world of the fallen tree
    • PNW-164. Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR
    • Maser, C. and J. M. Trappe. 1984. The seen and unseen world of the fallen tree. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-164. Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR.
    • (1984) USDA Forest Service General Technical Report
    • Maser, C.1    Trappe, J.M.2
  • 34
    • 61849110438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maser, C., R. G. Anderson, and K. Cromack, Jr. 1979. Dead and down woody material. In J. W. Thomas (technical editor.), Wildlife habitats in managed forests: the Blue Mountains of Oregon and Washington. USDA Agricultural Handbook 553. Washington, D.C. Pp. 78-95.
    • Maser, C., R. G. Anderson, and K. Cromack, Jr. 1979. Dead and down woody material. In J. W. Thomas (technical editor.), Wildlife habitats in managed forests: the Blue Mountains of Oregon and Washington. USDA Agricultural Handbook 553. Washington, D.C. Pp. 78-95.
  • 35
    • 34147111455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity management approaches for stream-riparian areas: Perspectives for Pacific Northwest headwater forests, microclimates and amphibians
    • Olson, D. H., P. D. Anderson, C. A. Frissell, H. H. Welsh, Jr., and D. F. Bradford. 2007. Biodiversity management approaches for stream-riparian areas: Perspectives for Pacific Northwest headwater forests, microclimates and amphibians. Forest Ecology and Management 246:81-107.
    • (2007) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.246 , pp. 81-107
    • Olson, D.H.1    Anderson, P.D.2    Frissell, C.A.3    Welsh Jr., H.H.4    Bradford, D.F.5
  • 36
    • 0024899428 scopus 로고
    • Population structure, growth, and reproduction in a Vancouver Island population of the salamander Plethodon vehiculum
    • Ovaska, K., and P. T. Gregory. 1989. Population structure, growth, and reproduction in a Vancouver Island population of the salamander Plethodon vehiculum. Herpe-tologica 45:133-143.
    • (1989) Herpe-tologica , vol.45 , pp. 133-143
    • Ovaska, K.1    Gregory, P.T.2
  • 37
    • 61849178155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rose, C. L., B. G. Marcot., T. K. Mellen, J. L. Ohmann, K. L. Waddell, and D. L. Lindley. 2001. Decaying wood in Pacific Northwest forests: concepts and tools for habitat management. In D. H. Johnson and T. A. O'Neil (managing directors), Wildlife-habitat relationships in Oregon and Washington. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis. Pp. 580-623.
    • Rose, C. L., B. G. Marcot., T. K. Mellen, J. L. Ohmann, K. L. Waddell, and D. L. Lindley. 2001. Decaying wood in Pacific Northwest forests: concepts and tools for habitat management. In D. H. Johnson and T. A. O'Neil (managing directors), Wildlife-habitat relationships in Oregon and Washington. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis. Pp. 580-623.
  • 38
    • 34147157291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of headwater site conditions and riparian buffers on terrestrial salamander response to forest thinning
    • Rundio, D. E., and D. H. Olson. 2007. Influence of headwater site conditions and riparian buffers on terrestrial salamander response to forest thinning. Forest Science 53:320-330.
    • (2007) Forest Science , vol.53 , pp. 320-330
    • Rundio, D.E.1    Olson, D.H.2
  • 39
    • 34147117775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Headwater riparian microclimate patterns under alternative forest management treatments
    • Rykken, J. J., S. S. Chan, and A. R. Moldenke. 2007. Headwater riparian microclimate patterns under alternative forest management treatments. Forest Science 53:270-280.
    • (2007) Forest Science , vol.53 , pp. 270-280
    • Rykken, J.J.1    Chan, S.S.2    Moldenke, A.R.3
  • 40
    • 84868910753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SAS Institute Inc. 2004. SAS OnlineDoc Version 9.1. SAS Institute Inc, Carey, NC. Available online at onlinedoc/913/docMainpage. jsp viewed on 12/12/08
    • SAS Institute Inc. 2004. SAS OnlineDoc Version 9.1. SAS Institute Inc., Carey, NC. Available online at http://support.sas.com/onlinedoc/913/docMainpage. jsp (viewed on 12/12/08).
  • 41
    • 0002242043 scopus 로고
    • Input and decay of coarse woody debris in coniferous stands in western Oregon and Washington
    • Sollins, P. 1982. Input and decay of coarse woody debris in coniferous stands in western Oregon and Washington. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 12:18-28.
    • (1982) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.12 , pp. 18-28
    • Sollins, P.1
  • 42
    • 61849112850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spies, T. A., and S. P. Cline. 1988. Coarse woody debris in forests and plantations of coastal Oregon. In C. Maser, J. M. Tarrant, J. M. Trappe, and J. F. Franklin (technical coordinators), From the Forest to the Sea: A Story of Fallen Trees. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-229. Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR. Pp. 5-24.
    • Spies, T. A., and S. P. Cline. 1988. Coarse woody debris in forests and plantations of coastal Oregon. In C. Maser, J. M. Tarrant, J. M. Trappe, and J. F. Franklin (technical coordinators), From the Forest to the Sea: A Story of Fallen Trees. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-229. Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR. Pp. 5-24.
  • 43
    • 0002075083 scopus 로고
    • Role of temperature and water in the ecology of lungless salamanders
    • Spotila, J. R. 1972. Role of temperature and water in the ecology of lungless salamanders. Ecological Monographs 42:95-125.
    • (1972) Ecological Monographs , vol.42 , pp. 95-125
    • Spotila, J.R.1
  • 45
    • 0001723686 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of the red-backed salamander Plethodon c. cinereus, within the soil
    • Taub, F. B. 1961. The distribution of the red-backed salamander Plethodon c. cinereus, within the soil. Ecology 42:681-698.
    • (1961) Ecology , vol.42 , pp. 681-698
    • Taub, F.B.1
  • 46
    • 0000029605 scopus 로고
    • A model of the dynamic exchanges of water and energy between a terrestrial amphibian and its environment
    • Tracy, C. R. 1976. A model of the dynamic exchanges of water and energy between a terrestrial amphibian and its environment. Ecological Monographs 46:293-329.
    • (1976) Ecological Monographs , vol.46 , pp. 293-329
    • Tracy, C.R.1
  • 48
    • 0027089264 scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity and ecological redundancy
    • Walker, B. H. 1992. Biodiversity and ecological redundancy. Conservation Biology 6:18-20.
    • (1992) Conservation Biology , vol.6 , pp. 18-20
    • Walker, B.H.1
  • 49
    • 0025664744 scopus 로고
    • Relictual amphibians and old-growth forests
    • Welsh, H. H., Jr. 1990. Relictual amphibians and old-growth forests. Conservation Biology 4:309-319.
    • (1990) Conservation Biology , vol.4 , pp. 309-319
    • Welsh Jr., H.H.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.