'Invisible gold' in bismuth chalcogenides

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

Volumn 73, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 1970-1999

  Ciobanu, Cristiana L ^a,b   Cook, Nigel J ^c   Pring, Allan ^a,b   Brugger, Joël ^a,b   Danyushevsky, Leonid V ^d   Shimizu, Masaaki ^e  

^a SOUTH AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA   (Australia)

^e UNIVERSITY OF TOYAMA   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BISMUTH; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); CORRELATION; GOLD; INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA METHOD; NUCLEATION; REMOBILIZATION; SCAVENGING (CHEMISTRY); SUBSTITUTION;

EID: 61849116299     PISSN: 00167037     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2009.01.006     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Abraitis P.K., Pattrick R.A.D., and Vaughan D.J. Variations in the compositional, textural and electrical properties of natural pyrite: a review. Int. J. Miner. Process 74 (2004) 41-59
2. Alm E. and Sundblad K. (1994) Sveconorwegian polymetallic quartz veins in Sweden. N. Jb. Miner. Mh., 1-22.
3. Arehart G.B., Chryssoulis S.L., and Kesler S.E. Gold and arsenic in iron sulfides from sediment-hosted disseminated gold deposits: implication for depositional processes. Econ. Geol. 88 (1993) 171-185
4. Baker T., Pollard P.J., Mustard R., Mark G., and Graham J.L. A comparison of granite-related tin, tungsten, and gold-bismuth deposits: implications for exploration. SEG Newslett. 61 5 (2005) 10-17
5. Bobrov O. B., Merkushin I. E., Sergienko V. M., Pogukaj V. I., Mudrovska I. V., Voloshyn O. A., Lysenko O. A., Malyuk B. I., Nechaev S. V., Ponomarenko O. M., Sivoronov A. O., Stepanyuk L. M., Skobelev V. M., Semka V. A., Zagnitko V. M., Turchanovskiy I. M. (2006) Object B2. Mayske gold deposit. In: International Field Workshop (eds. O. B. Bobrov and 26 co-editors). IAGOD Guidebook Series. Carpathians and Ukrainian Shield, Ukraine (CD-ROM).
6. Brese N.E., and O'Keeffe M. Bond-valence parameters for solids. Acta Cryst. B47 (1991) 192-197
7. Bürg G.H. Die Sichtbarmachung des feinverteilten Goldes in goldhoffigen Erzen und ihre wirtschaftliche Bedeutung. Metall. u. Erz 27 (1930) 333-338
8. Cabri L.J., Newville M., Gordon R.A., Crozier E.D., Sutton S.R., McMahon G., and Jiang D. Chemical speciation of gold in arsenopyrite. Can. Miner. 38 (2000) 1265-1281
9. Cepedal A., Fuertes-Fuente M., Martin-Izard A., Gonzalez-Nistal S., and Rodriguez-Pevida L. Tellurides, selenides and Bi-mineral assemblages from the Río Narcea Gold Belt, Asturias, Spain: genetic implications in Cu-Au and Au skarns. Miner. Petrol. 87 (2006) 277-304
10. Ciobanu C.L., and Cook N.J. Intergrowths of bismuth sulphosalts from the Ocna de Fier Fe-skarn deposit, Banat, Southwest Romania. Eur. J. Miner. 12 (2000) 899-917
11. Ciobanu C.L., Cook N.J., and Stein H. Regional setting and geochronology of the Late Cretaceous banatitic magmatic and metallogenic belt. Miner. Deposita 37 (2002) 541-567
12. Ciobanu C.L., and Cook N.J. Skarn textures: a case study of the Ocna de Fier-Dognecea orefield, Banat, Romania. Ore Geol. Rev. 24 (2004) 315-370
13. Ciobanu C.L., Pring A., and Cook N.J. Micron- to nano-scale intergrowths among members of the cuprobismutite series and paděraite: HRTEM and microanalytical evidence. Miner. Mag. 68 (2004) 279-300
14. Ciobanu C. L., Gǎbudeanu B. and Cook N. J. (2004b) Neogene ore deposits and metallogeny of the Golden Quadrilateral, South Apuseni Mountains, Romania. In: Gold-Silver-Telluride Deposits of the Golden Quadrilateral, South Apuseni Mts., Romania. IAGOD Guidebook Series 12, pp. 23-88.
15. Ciobanu C.L., Cook N.J., and Pring A. Bismuth tellurides as gold scavengers. In: Mao J.W., and Bierlein F.P. (Eds). Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge (2005), Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York 1383-1386
16. Ciobanu C.L., Cook N.J., and Spry P.G. Telluride and selenide minerals in gold deposits-how and why?. Miner. Petrol. 87 (2006) 163-169
17. Ciobanu C.L., Cook N.J., Damian F., and Damian G. Gold scavenged by bismuth melts: an example from Alpine shear-remobilisates in the Highiş Massif, Romania. Miner. Petrol. 87 (2006) 351-384
18. Ciobanu C. L., Mavrogenes J., Cook N. J. and Shimizu M. (2007a) Au-Bi-Te melts: Annealing-quenching experiments on samples from the Oya deposit (Japan). In Field workshop of IGCP-486, Espoo, Finland, Proceedings Volume. Geol. Surv. Finland Opas 53, pp. 15-22.
19. Ciobanu C. L., Cook N. J., Mavrogenes J., Damian G. and Damian F. (2007b) Au-Pb-Te melts: annealing-quenching experiments on samples from the Musariu gold deposit, Brad District (Romania). In Field workshop of IGCP-486, Espoo, Finland, Proceedings Volume. Geol. Surv Finland Opas 53, pp. 5-13.
20. Ciobanu C.L., Birch W., Pring A., and Cook N.J. Au-Bi-Te-S assemblages from Maldon gold deposit, Victoria, Australia. GSA Abstr. Programs 39 6 (2007) 626
21. Ciobanu C.L., Cook N.J., Pring A., Damian G., and Capraru N. Another look at nagyágite from the type locality, Sacarimb, Romania: replacement, chemical variation and petrogenetic implications. Miner. Petrol. 93 (2008) 273-307
22. Ciobanu C. L., Pring A., Cook N. J., Self P., Jefferson D., Dima G. I. and Melnikov V. (2009) Chemical and structural modulations in the tetradymite group: a HRTEM study. Amer. Miner. 94, 517-534.
23. Cole A., Wilkinson J.J., Halls C., and Serenko T.J. Geological characteristics, tectonic setting and preliminary interpretations of the Jilau gold-quartz vein deposit, Tajikistan. Miner. Deposita 35 (2000) 600-618
24. Cook N.J., and Chryssoulis S.L. Concentrations of invisible gold in the common sulfides. Can. Miner. 28 (1990) 1-16
25. 2TeS. Neues Jb. Miner. Monatsh, 321-336.
26. Cook N.J., and Ciobanu C.L. Lamellar minerals of the cuprobismutite series and related paderaite: a new occurrence and implications. Can. Miner. 41 (2003) 441-456
27. Cook N.J., and Ciobanu C.L. Bismuth tellurides and sulphosalts from the Larga hydrothermal system, Metaliferi Mts., Romania: paragenesis and genetic significance. Miner. Mag. 68 (2004) 301-321
28. Cook N.J., Ciobanu C.L., Wagner T., and Stanley C.J. Minerals of the system Bi-Te-Se-S related to the tetradymite archetype: review of classification and compositional variation. Can. Miner. 45 (2007) 665-708
29. Cook N.J., Ciobanu C.L., Stanley C.J., Paar W., and Sundblad K. Compositional data for Pb-Bi tellurosulphides. Can. Miner. 45 (2007) 417-435
30. Cook N. J., Ciobanu C. L. and Danyushevskiy L. (2007c) LA-ICP-MS determination of gold in Bi-minerals from deposits in the Fennoscandian Shield. In Field workshop of IGCP-486, Espoo, Finland, Proceedings Volume. Geol. Surv Finland Opas 53, pp. 23-30.
31. Cook N. J., Ciobanu C. L. and Howard W. R. (2007d) Bi-tellurides in gold veins, BiTeKnoll (CLY prospect), southeastern British Columbia, Canada. In Field workshop of IGCP-486, Espoo, Finland, Proceedings Volume. Geol. Surv Finland Opas 53, pp. 31-37.
32. Cooper M.P., and Stanley C.J. Minerals of the English Lake District. Caldbeck Fells. (1990), British Museum (Natural History), London 160 pp.
33. Damian Fl., CiobanuC. L., Cook N. J. and Damian G. (2004) Lead-bismuth sulphotellurides and related minerals in the Upper Cretaceous Baita Bihor Cu-Mo-Zn-Pb-Ag-Au skarn, North Apuseni Mts., Romania. In Gold-Silver-Telluride Deposits of the Golden Quadrilateral, South Apuseni Mts., Romania. IAGOD Guidebook Series 12, pp. 221-225.
34. Damian G., Ciobanu C.L., Cook N.J., and Damian F. Bismuth sulphosalts from the galena-matildite series in the Cremenea vein, Suior, Baia Mare district, Romania. Neues Jb. Miner. Abh. 185 (2008) 199-213
35. Danyushevsky L., Robinson P., McGoldrick P., Large R., and Gilbert S. LA-ICPMS of sulphides: evaluation of an XRF glass disc standard for analysis of different sulphide matrixes. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 67 18 (2003) A73
36. Danyushevsky L. V., Robinson P., Gilbert S., Norman M., Large R., McGoldrickP. and Shelley J. M. G. (in press) A technique for routine quantitative multi-element analysis of sulphide minerals by laser ablation ICP-MS. Geochem. Explor. Environ. Anal.
37. Douglas N., Mavrogenes J., Hack A., and England R. The liquid bismuth collector model: an alternative gold deposition mechanism. AGC Abstr. 59 (2000) 135
38. 3 (M = Sb, Bi, X = Se, Te). J. Solid State Chem. 84 (1990) 314-334
39. Frost B.R., Mavrogenes J.A., and Tomkins A.G. Partial melting of sulfide ore during medium- and high-grade metamorphism. Can Miner. 40 (2002) 1-18
40. Gather B., and Blachnik R. The gold-bismuth-tellurium system. Z. Metall. 65 (1974) 653-656
41. y phases through atomic structure determination and band structure calculations. Mater. Res. Bull. 30 (1995) 549-561
42. Geological Survey of Japan (1980) Mines Summary Reports. Vol. 1, North-East Japan and Vol. 2, South-West Japan. Report No. 260, appendices 1 and 2, 310 pp. and 266 pp.
43. Gregory L. M. (1994) Contact Metamorphism and Quartz Vein textures at Maldon, Victoria: Implications for the Timing of Gold Mineralisation. B.Sc. Hons. Thesis, University of Ballarat, Ballarat.
44. Howard W. R. (2007) Structural setting and geochemical correlations in bismuth (sulfo) telluride-native gold-bearing veins, CLY Group, British Columbia, Canada: a reduced intrusion-related gold system. In Field workshop of IGCP-486, Espoo, Finland, Proceedings Volume. Geol. Surv Finland Opas 53, pp. 45-50.
45. Islamov F., Kremenetsky A., Minzer E., and Koneev R. The Kochbulak-Kairagach ore field. In: Shayakubov T., Islamov F., Kremenetsky A., and Seltmann R. (Eds). Excursion Guidebook; Au, Ag, and Cu Deposits of Uzbekistan (1999), IAGOD/GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam 91-106
46. Kase K., Kusachi I., and Kishi S. Rucklidgeite solid-solution in the Yanahara deposit, Japan. Can. Miner. 31 (1993) 99-104
47. Koneev R., Cook N. J., Ciobanu C. L., Mun Y., Khalmatov R. and Jukov A. (2008) Tellurides and selenides of gold and gold-silver deposits of Uzbekistan (Western Tien-Shan): geochemistry, nanomineralogy and application as indicator minerals in exploration. In 33rd Intern. Geol. Congr., Oslo, Aug. 6th-14th 2008, abstract (CD-ROM).
48. Kraütner H.G., and Bindea G. Timing of the Ditrau alkaline intrusive complex (Eastern Carpathians, Romania). Slovak Geol. Mag. 4 (1998) 213-221
49. Lafond A., Nader A., Moëlo Y., Meerschaut A., Briggs A., Perrin S., Monceau P., and Rouxel J. X-ray structure determination and superconductivity of a new layered misfit compound with franckeite-like stacking [(Pb,Sb)S]2.28NbS2. J. Alloys Compd. 261 (1997) 114-122
50. Lima de Faria J., Hellner E., Makovicky E., and Parthe E. Nomenclature of inorganic structure types. Report of the International Union of Crystallography Commission on Crystalographic Nomenclature Subcommittee on the nomenclature of inorganic structure types. Acta Cryst. A46 (1990) 1-11
51. Longerich H.P., Jackson S.E., and Gunther D. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric transient signal data acquisition and analytic concentration calculation. J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 11 (1996) 899-904
52. Marcoux E., Moëlo Y., and Leistel J.M. Bismuth and cobalt minerals: indicators of stringer zones to massive-sulfide deposits, South Iberian Pyrite Belt. Miner. Deposita 31 (1996) 1-26
53. Makovicky E. Modular classification of sulphosalts: current status, definition and application of homologous series. Neues Jahrb. Miner., Abh. 160 (1989) 269-297
54. Makovicky E. Modular crystal chemistry of sulphosalts and other complex sulphides. Modular aspects of minerals. EMU Notes Miner. 1 (1997) 237-271
55. Makovicky E. Crystal structures of sulfides and other chalcogenides. Rev. Miner. Geochem. 61 (2006) 7-125
56. McCoy, D. T. (2000) Mid-Cretaceous Plutonic-related Gold Deposits of Interior Alaska: Metallogenesis, Characteristics, Gold Associative Mineralogy and Geochronology. Ph.D. thesis, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, 245 pp.
57. Meinert L.D. Gold in skarns related to epizonal intrusions. Rev. Econ. Geol. 13 (2000) 347-375
58. Meisser N., Brugger J., and Lahaye Y. Mineralogy and acid-mine drainage of La Creusaz uranium prospect, Switzerland. In: Kríbek B., and Zeeman J. (Eds). Uranium Deposits (2002), Czech Geol. Surv., Prague 147-150
59. Moëlo Y., Makovicky E., Mozgova N.N., Jambor J.L., Cook N.J., Pring A., Paar W., Nickel E.H., Graeser G., Karup-Møller S., Balić-Žunić T., Mumme W.G., Vurro V., Topa D., Bindi L., Bente K., and Shimizu M. Sulfosalt systematics: a review. Report of the Sulfosalt Sub-committee of the IMA Commission on ore mineralogy. Eur. J. Miner. 20 (2008) 7-46
60. Oberthür T., and Weiser T. Gold-bismuth-telluride-sulphide assemblages at the Viceroy mine, Harare-Bindura-Shamva greenstone belt, Zimbabwe. Miner. Mag. 72 (2008) 953-970
61. Okamoto K. The Bi-Se (bismuth-selenium) system. J. Phase Equilibria 15 (1994) 195-201
62. Okamoto K., and Tanner L.E. Bi-Te (bismuth-tellurium). In: Massalski T.B., and Ohamoto K. (Eds). Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams (1990), ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio 800-801
63. Palenik C.S., Utsunomiya S., Reich M., Kesler S.E., and Ewing R.C. "Invisible" gold revealed: direct imaging of gold nanoparticles in a Carlin-type deposit. Am. Miner. 89 (2004) 1359-1366
64. 2 with x ∼ 0.2. Tschermaks. Miner. Petrograph. Mitt. 33 (1984) 253-262
65. Phillips G.N., and Hughes M.J. Victorian gold deposits. ASGO J. Austral. Geol. Geophys. 17 (1998) 213-216
66. Platten I.M., and Dominy S.C. Re-evaluation of quartz vein history in the Dolgellau gold-belt, North Wales, United Kingdom. Geol. J. 34 (1999) 369-391
67. Prince A., Raynor G.V., and Evans D.S. Phase Diagrams of Ternary Gold Alloys (1990), Inst. of Metals, London 505 pp.
68. 9, and the nature of cation-ordering processes in the bismuthinite-aikinite series. Am. Miner. 80 (1995) 1166-1173
69. Pring A., and Etschmann B. HRTEM observations of structural and chemical modulations in cosalite and its relationship to the lillianite homologues. Miner. Mag. 66 (2002) 458-541
70. Pring A., and Ciobanu C.L. Chemical modulations in Pb-Bi-sulphosalts: a glimpse at minerals in solid-state chemistry. In: Harris K., and Edwards P. (Eds). Turning Points in Solid State, Materials and Surface Chemistry (2008), Royal Soc. Chem. Publ. 239-249
71. Pring A., Jercher M., and Makovicky E. Disorder and compositional variation in the lillianite homologous series. Miner. Mag. 63 (1999) 917-926
72. Reich M., and Becker U. First-principles calculations of the thermodynamic mixing properties of arsenic incorporation into pyrite and marcasite. Chem. Geol. 225 (2006) 278-290
73. Reich M., Kesler S.E., Utsunomiya S., Palenik C.S., Chryssoulis S.L., and Ewing R.C. Solubility of gold in arsenian pyrite. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 69 (2005) 2781-2796
74. Reich M., Utsunomiya S., Kesler S.E., Wang L.M., Ewing R.C., and Becker U. Thermal behavior of metal nanoparticles in geologic materials. Geology 34 (2006) 1033-1036
75. Shepherd T.J., and Bottrell S.H. Dolgellau goldbelt, Harlech District, North Wales. In: Pattrick R.A.D., and Polya D.A. (Eds). Mineralisation in the British Isles (1993), Chapman and Hall, London, UK 187-205
76. Simon G., Huang H., Penner-Hahn J.E., Kesler S.E., and Kao L.S. Oxidation state of gold and arsenic in gold-bearing arsenian pyrite. Am. Miner. 84 (1999) 1071-1079
77. Spooner E.T.C. Magmatic sulphide/volatile interaction as a mechanism for producing chalcophile element enriched, Archean Au-quartz, epithermal Au-Ag and Au skarn hydrothermal ore fluids. Ore Geol. Rev. 7 (1993) 359-379
78. Sung Y.H., Ciobanu C.L., Pring A., Brugger J., Skinner W., Cook N.J., and Nugus M. Tellurides from Sunrise Dam gold deposit, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia: a new occurrence of nagyágite. Miner. Petrol. 91 (2007) 249-270
79. Tomkins A.G., Pattison D.R.M., and Frost B.R. On the initiation of metamorphic sulfide anatexis. J. Petrol. 48 (2007) 511-535
80. Tooth B., Brugger J., Ciobanu C.L., and Liu W. Modelling of gold-scavenging by bismuth melts coexisting with hydrothermal fluids. Geology 36 (2008) 815-818
81. Törmänen T.O., and Koski R.A. Gold enrichment and the Bi-Au association in pyrrhotite-rich massive sulfide deposits, Escanaba Trough, Southern Gorda Ridge. Econ. Geol. 100 (2005) 1135-1150
82. Utsunomiya S., and Ewing R.C. Application of high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy to the characterization of nanoparticles in the environment. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37 (2003) 786-791
83. Vaughan J.P., and Kyin A. Refractory gold ores in Archaean greenstones, Western Australia: mineralogy, gold paragenesis, metallurgical characterization and classification. Miner. Mag. 68 (2004) 255-277
84. Venkatasubramanian R., Siivola E., Colpitts T., and O'Quinn B. Thin-film thermoelectric devices with high room-temperature figures of merit. Nature 413 (2001) 597-602
85. Wagner, T. (2007) Thermodynamic modeling of Au-Bi-Te melt precipitation from high-temperature hydrothermal fluids: Preliminary results. In Mineral Exploration and Research: Digging Deeper. Proc. 9th Biennial SGA meeting (ed. C.J. Andrew). Dublin, Irish Association of Economic Geologists, pp. 769-772.
86. Wagner F.E., Friedl J., Sawicki J.A., and Harris D.C. Mössbauer investigation of gold-bearing pyrite-rich concentrates. Hyperfine Interact. 91 (1994) 619-624
87. Warren H.V., and Peacock M.A. Hedleyite, a new bismuth telluride from British Columbia, with notes on wehrlite and some bismuth-tellurium alloys. Univ. Toronto Stud., Geol. Ser. 49 (1945) 55-69
88. Williams P.J. Geology, alteration and mesothermal Au-Ag-mineralization associated with a volcanic-intrusive complex at Mt. Shamrock-Mt. Ophir, SE Queensland. Miner. Deposita 26 (1991) 11-17