Oxidation state of gold and arsenic in gold-bearing arsenian pyrite

American Mineralogist

Volumn 84, Issue 7-8, 1999, Pages 1071-1079

  Simon, Grigore ^a,b   Huang, Hui ^a   Penner Hahn, James E ^a   Kesler, Stephen E ^a   Kao, Li Shun ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^b SHELL GLOBAL SOLUTIONS INTERNATIONAL B V   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARSENIC COMPOUNDS; ATOMS; COORDINATION REACTIONS; GOLD DEPOSITS; PYRITES; SULFIDE MINERALS; SULFUR COMPOUNDS;

ATOMIC SURFACES; FOURFOLD COORDINATION; OXIDATION STATE; PYRITE SURFACES; RANDOMLY DISTRIBUTED; STEM OBSERVATION; SUBMICROMETERS; XANES MEASUREMENTS;

GOLD COMPOUNDS;

ARSENIC; GOLD; OXIDATION; PYRITE;

NEVADA; TWIN CREEKS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0033459489     PISSN: 0003004X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2138/am-1999-7-809     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Ahrland, S., Nilsson K., Persson, I., Yuchi, A., and Penner-Hahn, J.E. (1989) Formation of gold (I) halide and thiocyanate complexes in pyridine and acetonitrile and the structures of gold (I) solvates in these solvents. A thermodynamic and EXAFS spectroscopic study. Inorganic Chemistry, 28, 1833-1838.
2. Arehart, G.B., Chryssoulis, S.L., and Kesler, S.E. (1993) Gold and arsenic in iron sulfides from sediment-hosted disseminated gold deposits. Implications for depositional processes. Economic Geology, 88, 171-185.
3. Bakken, B.M., Hochella, M.F. Jr., Marshall, A.F., and Turner, A.M. (1989) High-resolution microscopy of gold in unoxidized ore from the Carlin mine, Nevada. Economic Geology, 84, 171-179.
4. Bakken, B.M., Brigham, R.H., and Fleming, R.H. (1991a) The distribution of gold in unoxidized ore from Carlin-type deposits revealed by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) [abs]. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 23, 228.
5. Bakken, B.M., Fleming, R.H., and Hochella, M.F. Jr. (1991b) High-resolution microscopy of auriferous pyrite from the Post deposit, Carlin district, Nevada. In Hausen, D.M. Petruk, W, Hagni, R.D. and Vassiliou, A., eds., Process Mineralogy XI - Characterization of metallugical products. The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, p. 13-23.
6. Becker, U., Hochella, M.F. Jr., and Vaughan, D.J. (1997) The adsorption of gold to galena surfaces. calculation of adsorption/reduction energies, reaction mechanisms, XPS spectra, and STM images. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 61, 3565-3586.
7. 3 substrates. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 57, 2481-2486.
8. Cathelineau, M., Boiron, M., Hollinger, P., Marion, P., and Denis, M. (1989) Gold in arsenopyrites. crystal chemistry, location and state, physical and chemical conditions of deposition. Economic Geology Monograph 6, 328-341.
9. Chao, E.C.T., Minkin, J.A., Back, J.M., Chen, J.R., Bagby, W.C., Rivers, L.M., Sutton, S.R., Hanson, A.L., Gordon, B.M., and Jones, D.W. (1986) Occurrence of gold in an unoxidized Carlin-type ore sample - a preliminary synchrotron and micro-optical restudy. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Program, 18, 562.
10. Chryssoulis, S.L. (1990) Detection and quantification of "invisible" gold by microprobe techniques. In D.M. Hausen, Ed., Gold '90, Society of Mining Engineers, 323-332.
11. Clark, L.A. (1960) The Fe-As-S system; phase relations and applications. Economic Geology, 55, 1345-1381 and 1631-1652.
12. Cline, J.S., Hofstra, A., Landis, G., and Rye, R.O. (1997) Ore fluids at the Getchell, Carlin-type gold deposit, north-central Nevada. Society of Economic Geologists Field Trip Guidebook, 28, 155-166.
13. Cook, N.J. and Chryssoulis, S.L. (1990) Concentrations of "invisible" gold in the common sulfides. Canadian Mineralogist, 28, 1-16.
14. Couderec, J.-J., Bras, J., Fagot, M., and Levade, C. (1980) Etude par microscopic electronique en transmission de l'etat de deformation de pyrites de differentes provenances. Bulletin Mineralogie, 103, 547-557.
15. Eggleston, C.M. and Hochella, M.F. Jr. (1991) Scanning tunneling microscopy of galena (100) surface oxidation and sorption of aqueous gold. Science, 254, 983-986.
16. Elder, R.C. and Eidsness, M.K. (1987) Synchrotron X-ray studies of metal-based drugs and metabolites. Chemical Reviews, 87, 1027-1046.
17. Fayard, M., Gratias, D., and Portier, R. (1980) Modele de default d'empilement dans la pyrite. Philosophical Magazine, A41, 125-128.
18. Fleet, M.E. and Mumin, A.H. (1997) Gold-bearing arsenian pyrite and marcasite and arsenopyrite from Carlin trend gold deposits and laboratory synthesis. American Mineralogist, 82, 182-193.
19. Fleet, M.E., MacLean, P.J., and Barbier, J. (1989) Oscillatory-zoned As-bearing pyrite from strata-bound and stratiform gold deposits, an indicator of ore fluid evolution. In R.R. Keays, W.R.H. Ramsay, and D.I. Groves, Eds., The Geology of Gold Deposits: The perspective in 1988. Economic Geology Monograph 6, 356-362.
20. Fleet, M.E., Chryssoulis, S.L., MacLean, P. J., Davidson, R., and Weisener, C.G. (1993) Arsenian pyrite from gold deposits. Au and As distribution investigated by SIMS and EMP, and color staining and surface oxidation by XPS and LIMS. Canadian Mineralogist, 31, 1-17.
21. Friedl, J. (1993) Untersuchungen an Goldmineralen und goldhaltigen Erzen mittels Mössbauerspektroskopie. Thesis, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany, 149.
22. Friedl, J., Paniagua, A., and Wagner, F.E. (1991) Mössbauer study of gold-bearing villamaninite. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen, 163, 247-354.
23. Friedl, J., Wagner, F.E., and Wang, N. (1995) On the chemical state of combined gold in sulfidic ores - conclusions from Mössbauer source experiments. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen, 169, 279-290.
24. Hausen, D.M. (1981) Process mineralogy of auriferous pyritic ore at Carlin, Nevada. In D.M. Hausen, and W.C. Park, Eds., Process mineralogy, extractive metallurgy, mineral exploration, energy resources, p. 271-289. Metallurgical Society of AIME, Warrendale, Pennsylvania.
25. Hausen, D.M. and Kerr, P.F. (1968) Fine gold occurrence at Carlin, Nevada. In J.D. Ridge, Ed., Ore Deposits of the United States, p. 908-940. Metallurgical Society of AIME, Warrendale, Pennsylvania.
26. Hausen, D.M. and Park, W.C. (1985) Observation on the association of gold mineralization with organic matter in Carlin-type ores. Denver Region Exploration Geological Society Symposium Proceedings, 3, 119-136.
27. Hausen, D.M., Ahlrichs, J.W., Mueller, W., and Park, W.C. (1987) Particulate gold occurrences in three Carlin carbonaceous ore types. In R.D. Hagni, Ed., Process mineralogy VI. p. 193-214. Metallurgical Society of AIME, Warrendale, Pennsylvania.
28. Hirsch, H., De Cugnac, A., Gadet, M.C., and Pouradier, J. (1966) Cristallographie de sulfure aureux, Comptes Rendus de L'Academie des Sciences de Paris, 263, 1327-1330. (in French)
29. Hyland, M.M. and Bancroft, G.M. (1989) An XPS study of gold deposition at low temperature on sulfide minerals, reducing agents. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 53, 367-372.
30. Jean, G.E. and Bancroft, G.M. (1985) An XPS and SEM study of gold deposition at low temperatures on sulfide mineral surfaces, concentration of gold by adsorption/reduction. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 49, 979-987.
31. Kettler, R.M. (1990) Organic matter in hydrothermal systems. Implications for fluid chemistry and source, p. 214. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan.
32. Knipe, S.W., Foster, R.P. and Stanley, C.J. (1991) Hydrothermal precipitation of precious metals on sulfide substrates. In E.A. Ladeira, Ed., Brazil Gold '91. The Economics, Geology, Geochemistry, and the Genesis of Gold Deposits, Rotterdam, Balkema, 431-435.
33. Knipe, S.W., Foster, R.P, and Stanley, C.J. (1992) The role of sulfide surfaces in the sorption of precious metals from hydrothermal fluids. Institution of Mining and Metallurgy Transactions, Section B, Applied Earth Sciences 101, B83-B88.
34. 195Au study of the sorption of gold by natural layer silicates and iron hydroxides. Geochemistry International, 15, 156-162.
35. 197Au. Academie de Sciences (Paris) Comptes Rendus, 302 II, 571-574.
36. Marion, P.H., Hollinger, P., Boiron, M.C., Cathelineau, M., and Wagner, F.E. (1991a) New improvements in the characterization of refractory gold in pyrites. an electron microprobe, Mössbauer spectrometry and ion microprobe study. In E.A. Ladeira, Ed., Brazil Gold '91. Proceedings of the Symposium Brazil Gold '91, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. May 13-17, 1991, Balkema, Rotterdam, 389-395.
37. Marion, P.H., Monroy, M., Hollinger, P., Boiron, M.C., Cathelineau, M., Wagner, F.E., and Friedl, J. (1991b) Gold bearing pyrites: a combined ion microprobe and Mössbauer spectrometry approach. In M. Pagel and J. Leroy, Eds., Source, Transport and Deposition of Metals, Balkema, Rotterdam, 677-680.
38. Mironov, A.G., Zhmodik, S.M., and Maksimova, E.A. (1981) An experimental investigation of sorbtion of gold by pyrites with different thermoelectric properties. Geochemistry International, 18, 153-160.
39. Möller, P. and Kersten, G. (1994) Electrochemical accumulation of visible gold on pyrite and arsenopyrite surfaces. Mineralium Deposita, 29, 404-413.
40. Möller, P., Sastri, C.S., Kluckner, M., Rhede, D., and Ortner, H.M. (1997) Evidence for electrochemical deposition of gold onto arsenopyrite. European Journal of Mineralogy, 9, 1217-1226.
41. 2BX-Berbindungen mit B-X-Kettenstruktur. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, 35, 1055-1058.
42. Mycroft, J.R., Bancroft, G.M., McIntyre, N.S., and Lorimer, J.W. (1995) Spontaneous deposition of gold on pyrite from solutions containing Au(III) and Au(I) chlorides. Part I. A surface study. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 59, 3351-3365.
43. Nesbitt, H.W., Muir, I.J., and Pratt, A.R. (1995) Oxidation of arsenopyrite by air-saturated distilled water, implications for mechanisms of oxidation. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 59, 1773-1783.
44. Prokhorov, V.G. and Lu, L.V. (1971) Electrochemical and thermoelectric properties of pyrite as a criterion of the conditions of mineral formation. In Mineralogiya i mineralogicheskaya kristallografiya (Mineralogy and Mineral Crystallography), Sverdlovsk, 115.
45. Radtke, A.S. (1985) Geology of the Carlin gold deposit, Nevada. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1267, 124.
46. Radtke, A.S., Taylor, C.M., and Christ, C.L. (1972) Chemical distribution of gold and mercury at the Carlin deposit, Nevada. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Program, 4, 632.
47. 3 at 25 and 90°C. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 53, 255-267.
48. 1+ sulfide species with pyrite as a function of pH and temperature. American Mineralogist, 83, 316-322.
49. Schoonen, M.A.A., Fischer, N.S., and Wente, M. (1992) Gold sorption onto pyrite and goethite; a radiotracer study. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 56, 1801-1814.
50. Sha, P. (1993) Geochemistry and genesis of sediment-hosted disseminated gold mineralization at the Gold Quarry mine, Nevada. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, 228.
51. Simon, G., Kesler, S.E., Peltonen, D.R., Chryssoulis, S.L., Huang, H., and Penner-Hahn, J.E. (1997) Relation between pyrite and gold at the Twin Creeks SHMG deposit, Nevada. Society of Economic Geologists Field Trip Guidebook, 28, 137-139.
52. Simon, G., Kesler, S.E., Chryssoulis, S.L., Huang, H., and Penner-Hahn, J.E. (1999) Geochemistry and textures of gold-bearing arsenian pyrite, Twin Creeks Carlin-type gold deposit, Nevada, implications for gold deposition. Economic Geology (in press)
53. Starling, A, Gilligan, J.M., Carter, J.M., Foster, A.H.C., and Saunder, R.A. (1989) High-temperature hydrothermal precipitation of precious metals on the surface of pyrite. Nature, 340, 298-300.
54. Stenger, D.P., Kesler, S.E., Peltonen, D., and Tapper, C.J. (1998) Deposition of gold in Carlin-type gold deposits. The role of sulfidation and decarbonation at Twin Creeks, Nevada. Economic Geology, 93, 201-216.
55. Sverjensky, D.A., Shock, E.L., and Helgeson, H.C. (1997) Prediction of the thermodynamic properties of aqueous metal complexes to 1000C and 5kb. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 61, 1359-1412.
56. Tossell, J.A. (1996) The speciation of gold in aqueous solution: A theoretical study. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 60, 17-29.
57. Tossell, J.A., Vaughan, D.J., and Burdett, J.K. (1981) Pyrite, marcasite, and arsenopyrite type minerals, crystal chemical and structural principles. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 7, 177-184.
58. Wagner, F.E., Marion, P.H., and Regnard, J.-R. (1986) Mössbauer study of the chemical state of gold in gold ores. Gold 100, Proceedings of the International Conference on Gold, 2. Extractive Metallurgy of Gold; SAIMM, Johannesburg, 435-443.
59. 197Au Mössbauer study of gold ores, matters, roaster products and gold minerals. Hyperfine Interactions, 41, 851-854.
60. Wagner, F.E., Marion, P.H., and Swash, P.M. (1989) Mössbauer spectroscopy in the study of chemical state of gold in gold ores. In A. Fuganti, and G. Morteani, Eds., Workshop on Rare and Precious Metals, Castel Ivano, Italy, June 1989. Extended Abstracts, 82-97.
61. Wells, J.D. and Mullens, T.E. (1973) Gold-bearing arsenian pyrite determined by microprobe analyses, Cortez and Carlin gold mines, Nevada. Economic Geology, 68, 187-201.