Paying for environmental services: The case of Brazilian Amazonia

Journal of International Development

Volumn 20, Issue 7, 2008, Pages 965-981

  Hall, Anthony ^a  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Amazonia; Deforestation; Environmental services; Kyoto Protocol; Livelihoods

Indexed keywords

CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM; DEFORESTATION; EMISSIONS TRADING; ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT;

AMAZONIA; BRAZIL; SOUTH AMERICA;

EID: 61749093226     PISSN: 09541748     EISSN: 10991328     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jid.1456     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Alix-Garcia J, de Janvry A, Sadoulet E. 2003. Targeting Payments for Environmental Services: The Role of Risk. Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics: Berkeley, CA.
2. Amazonas. 2007. Lei de mudanças climáticas, conservação ambiental e desenvolvimento sustentável. Manaus.
3. Araujo Lima C, Piedade MT, Barbosa F. 1998. Water as a major resource of the Amazon. In Davies de Freitas ML (ed.). Amazonia: Heaven of a New World. Editora Campus: Rio de Janeiro.
4. Arima E, Barreto P, Brito M. 2005. Pecuária na Amazônia: Tendências e Implicações para a Conservação. Imazon: Belém.
5. Arnt R. 1994. O Destino da Floresta: Reservas Extractivistas e Desenvolvimento Sustentável na Amazônia. Relume Dumará: Rio de Janeiro.
6. Bayon R, Hawn A, Hamilton K. 2006. Voluntary Carbon Markets. Earthscan: London.
7. Betts R. 2008. What impacts would the dieback of Amazonia have on regional and global climate, carbon, water and energy cycles? In the present volume.
8. o Encontro Nacional dos Povos da Floresta, Brasilia, 21 September.
9. Capobianco JP, Verríssimo A, Moreira A, Sawyer D, dos Santos I, Pinto LP (eds). 2001. Biodivesidade na Amazônia Brasileira. Instituto Socioambiental: São Paulo.
10. Capoor K, Ambrosi P. 2007. State and Trends of the Carbon Market 2007. World Bank: Washington, DC.
11. Chomitz K, Buys P, De Luca G, Thomas T, Wertz-Kanounnikoff S. 2007. At Loggerheads? Agricultural Expansion, Poverty Reduction and Environment in the Tropical Forests. World Bank: Washington, DC.
12. CI. 2006. Marina Silva destaca importância do Fundo de Compensações Ambientais. Conservation International, Press release, 16 March.
13. Coalition for Rainforest Nations, 2006 http://www.rainforestcoalition.org/eng/ (accessed on 16 November).
14. Cox PM, Betts RA, Collins M, Harris PP, Huntigford C, Jones CD. 2004. Amazonian forest dieback under climate-cycle carbon projections for the 21st century. Theoretical Applied Climatology, (April): 78: 137-156.
15. Daily GC. 1997. Nature's Services: Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems. Island Press: Covelo, California.
16. Daily G, Ellison K. 2002. The New Economy of Nature. Island Press: Washington, DC.
17. Dreifuss R. 2000. Strategic Perceptions and Frontier Policies in Brazil. In Hall A (ed.). Amazonia at the Crossroads: the challenge of sustainable development. Institute of Latin American Studies, University of London: London; 205-232.
18. Ebeling J. 2008. The potential of avoided deforestation to protect the Amazon and mitigate climate change. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, These Issue 'Climatic change and the fate of the Amazon' 2008. Published online. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.0034
19. ESP. 2007a. RioR15 começa sem grandes autoridades, mas com polêmica, Estado de SãoPaulo, 20 September.
20. ESP. 2007b. Declaração do presidente é contrariado pelos números, Estado de SãoPaulo, 26 September.
21. ESP. 2007c. Na ONU, Lula lança cúpula sobre biocombustível e defende etanol, Estado de SãoPaulo, 26 September.
22. EU. 2002. Test case for EU carbon sinks. EU Forest Watch, 66, September.
23. FAO. 1999. Brazil. Pilot Programme to Conserve the Brazilian Rainforest (PPG-7): An Evaluation of Six Demonstration Projects (PD/ As). FAO: Rome.
24. Fearnside P. 1989. Forest management in Amazonia: the need for new criteria in evaluating development options. Forest Ecology and Management, 27(1): 61-79.
25. Fearnside P. 1997. Environmental services as a strategy for sustainable development in rural Amazonia. Ecological Economics, 20(1): 53-70.
26. Fearnside P. 2001. Environmentalists split over Kyoto and Amazonian deforestation. Environmental Conservation, 28(4): 295-299.
27. Fearnside P. 2005. Deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia: history, rates and consequences. Conservation Biology 19(June): 680-688.
28. Fearnside P. 2006a. Environmental services as a basis for the sustainable use of tropical forests in Brazilian Amazonia. In Ortega E, Ulgiati S (eds). IV International Biennial Workshop Advances in Energy Studies: Energy-Ecology in Latin America. Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, June 16-19, 2004. University of Campinas (UNICAMP): Campinas, São Paulo; 31-36
29. Fearnside P. 2006b. Fragile soils and deforestation impacts: the rationale for environmental services on standing forest as a development paradigm in Amazonia. In D Posey, M Balick (eds.). Human Impacts on Amazonia: The Role of Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Conservation and Development. Columbia University Press: New York; 158-171.
30. Ferraro P, Kiss A. 2002. Direct payments to conserve biodiversity. Science, 298: 1718-1719.
31. Folha de São Paulo. 2006. Proposta contra desmatamento do Brasil é voluntária. [15] November.
32. Greenpeace. 2006a. Eating Up the Amazon, Greenpeace International, April 6.
33. Grieg-Gran M. 2000. Financial Incentives for Biodiversity Conservation: The ICMS Ecológico in Brazil. International Institute for the Environment and Development: London.
34. Grieg-Gran M, Porras I, Wunder S. 2005. How can market mechanisms for forest environmental services help the poor? Preliminary lessons from Latin America. World Development, 33(9): 1511-1527.
35. Gross A. 1989. Fight for the Forest: Chico Mendes in His Own Words. Latin America Bureau: London.
36. GTF. 2005. Relação entre cultivo de soja e desmatamento: coomprendendo a dinâmica. Grupo de Trabalho de Florestas, Fórum Brasileiro de Organizações Não Governamentais e Movimentos Sociais para ó Meio Ambiente e o Desenvolvimento, São Paulo.
37. Haddad P, Rezende F. 2002. Instrumentos Econômicos para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável da Amazônia. Ministry of the Environment: Brasília.
38. Hall A. 1989. Developing Amazonia: Deforestation and Social Conflict in Brazil's Carajás Programme. Manchester University Press: Manchester.
39. Hall A. 1997a. Sustaining Amazonia: Grassroots Action for Productive Conservation. Manchester University Press: Manchester.
40. Hall A. 1997b. Peopling the environment: a new agenda for research, policy and action in Brazilian Amazonia. European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies. 62(June): 9-31.
41. Hall A (ed.). 2005. Global Impact, Local Action: New Environmental Policy in Latin America. Institute for the Study of the Americas, University of London: London.
42. Hall A. 2006. Extractive Reserves: Building Natural Assets in the Brazilian Amazon, In Boyce J, Narain S, Stanton E (eds). Reclaiming Nature: Environmental Justice and Ecological Restoration. Anthem: London.
43. Heal G, Conrad K. 2006. Editorial: incentives to reduce tropical deforestation. Journal of Forest Economics, 11: 201-203.
44. Huntingford C, Fisher R, Mercado L, Booth B, Sitch S, Harris P, Cox P, Jones C, Betts R. 2008. The sensitivity of the HadCM3 "dieback" result to climatic forcings. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, These Issue 'Climatic change and the fate of the Amazon' 2008. Published online. doi:10.1098/ rstb.2007.0034
45. IBAMA. 2006 www.ibama.gov.br (accessed on 13 April).
46. IIED. 2006 http://www.iied.org/NR/agbioliv/bio_liv_projects/ ecologico.html (accessed on 18 April).
47. Karaousakis K. 2007. Incentives to Reduce GHG Emissions from Deforestation: Lessons Learned from Costa Rica and Mexico. OECD: Paris.
48. Landell-Mills N, Porras I. 2002. Silver Bullet or Fool's Gold? A Global Review of Markets for Forest Environmental Services and Their Impacts on the Poor. International Institute for the Environment and Development: London.
49. Lovejoy T. 2000. Amazon Forest Degradation and Fragmentation: Implications for Biodiversity Conservation. In Hall A (ed.) Amazonia at the Crossroads: the challenge of sustainable development. Institute of Latin American Studies, University of London: London. 41-57.
50. Marengo JA. 2006. On the hydrological cycle of the Amazon basin: a historical review and current state-of-the-art. Revista Brasileira de Metereologia, 21(3): 1-19.
51. Marengo JA. 2008. Climate change in the Amazon basin: from interannual variability to climate change. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, These Issue 'Climatic change and the fate of the Amazon' 2008. Published online. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.0034
52. May P, Veiga Neto P, Denardin V, Loureiro W. 2002. The ecological value-added tax: municipal responses in Paraná and Minas Gerais, Brazil. In Selling Forest Environmental Services: Market-Based Mechanisms for Conservation, Pagiola S, Bishop J, Landell-Mills N (eds). Earthscan: London.
53. May P, Boyd E, Chang M, Veiga F. 2003. Local sustainable effects of carbon projects in Brazil and Bolivia: a view form the field. Paper presented at the international conference on Rural Livelihoods, Forests and Biodiversity, 19-23 May, Bonn, Germany.
54. Mayrand K, Paquin M. 2004. Payments for Environmental Services: A Survey and Assessment of Current Schemes. Unisfera International Centre: Montreal.
55. McShane T, Wells M (eds). 2004. Getting Biodiversity Projects to Work: Towards More Effective Conservation and Development. Columbia University Press: New York.
56. MMA. 2005. Projetos Demostrativos - PDA: Sua influência na construção do Proambiente. Ministry of the Environment: Brasília.
57. Murdiyarso D, Herawati H, Iskandar H. 2005. Carbon Sequestration and Sustainable Livelihoods: A Workshop Synthesis. CIFOR: Bogor, Indonesia.
58. Nascimento Madureira D. 2006. Incentivo para a preservação amplia impacto regional, Valor Econômico, 24 October.
59. Nepstad D, Moreira A, Alencar A. 1999. Flames in the Rain Forest: Origins, Impacts and Alternatives to Amazonian Fire. Pilot Programme to Conserve the Brazilian Rain Forest: Brasilia; 1.
60. Nobre C. 2008. Gradual climate change or "Tipping Points" in the system? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, These Issue 'Climatic change and the fate of the Amazon' 2008. Published online. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.0034
61. Revkin A. 1990. The Burning Season: The Murder of Chico Mendes and the Fight for the Amazon Rain Forest. Collins: London.
62. Santilli M, Moutinho P, Schwartzman S, Nepstad D, Curran L, Nobre C. 2005. Tropical deforestation and the Kyoto Protocol. Climatic Change, 71: 267-276.
63. Smith N, Dubois J, Current D, Lutz E, Clement C. 1998. Agroforestry Experiences in the Brazilian Amazon: Constraints and Opportunities. Pilot Programme to Conserve the Brazilian Rain Forest/World Bank: Brasília.
64. Soares-Filho BS, Nepstad DC, Curran LM, Coutirho Cerqueira G, Alexandrino Garcia R, Azevedo Ravos C, Voll E, McDonald A, Lefebure P, Schlesinger P. 2006. Modelling conservation in the Amazon Basin. Nature 440: 520-523.
65. Stern N. 2006. The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review. HMTreasury - Cabinet Office: London.
66. The Economist. 2006. 'Rewarding rainforest conservation to help global warming' 27 April.
67. The Independent. 2006. 'Celso Amorim, Marina Silva and Sergio Rezende: the Amazon is ours. It is not for sale...' 1 November.
68. UNDP. 2005. Assessing Environment's Contribution to Poverty Reduction. United Nations Development Program: New York.
69. UNFCCC. 2005a. Sixth compilation and synthesis of initial national communications from Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention, Montreal, 6 December.
70. UNFCCC. 2005b. Reducing emissions from deforestation in developing countries: approaches to stimulate action. 11th Conference of the Parties, Montreal, 28 November to 9 December.
71. UNFCCC. 2006a. National greenhouse gas inventory data for the period 1990-2004 and status of reporting (Annex I countries), Nairobi, 19 October.
72. UNFCCC. 2006b. Submission from Brazil: Positive Incentives for Voluntary Action in Developing Countries to Address Climate Change: Brazilian Perspective on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation, 12th Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC, Nairobi, Kenya, 14 November. http://unfccc.int/files/meetings/dialogue/application/pdf/wp_21_braz.pdf (accessed on 16 November).
73. UNFCCC/CDM. 2007. CDM Statistics http://cdm.unfccc.int/Statistics/ (accessed on 20 September).
74. WRI. 2005. The Wealth of the Poor: Managing Ecosystems to Fight Poverty. United Nations Development Programme, World Bank, World Resources Institute: New York.
75. Wunder S. 2005. Payments for environmental services: Some nuts and bolts. CIFOR Occasional Paper No. 42, Jakarta.
76. Wunder S. 2006. The efficiency of payments for environmental services in tropical conservation. Conservation Biology, 21(1): 48-58.
77. Zbinden S, Lee D. 2004. Payment for environmental services: an analysis of participation in Costa Rica's PSA Programme. World Development, 33(2): 255-272.