Evaluation of osmolality and pH of various concentrations of methotrexate, cytarabine, and thiotepa prepared in normal saline, sterile water for injection, and lactated Ringer's solution for intrathecal administration

Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 45-52

  de Lemos, Mário L ^a   Monfared, Shirin ^a   Denyssevych, Tetyana ^a   Hamata, Linda ^a   Jennings, Sarah ^a   Thiessen, Brian ^a   Smith, Sharon ^a   Waterhouse, Dawn ^a  

^a BRITISH COLUMBIA CANCER AGENCY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Cerebrospinal fluid; Cytarabine; Intrathecal chemotherapy; Methotrexate

Indexed keywords

CYTARABINE; METHOTREXATE; RINGER LACTATE SOLUTION; SODIUM CHLORIDE; THIOTEPA; WATER;

ACIDITY; ARTICLE; CANCER CENTER; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; IN VITRO STUDY; INTRATHECAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; OSMOLALITY; PH; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; CANCER CARE FACILITIES; CHEMISTRY, PHARMACEUTICAL; CYTARABINE; DATA COLLECTION; HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION; INJECTIONS, SPINAL; ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS; METHOTREXATE; OSMOLAR CONCENTRATION; SODIUM CHLORIDE; THIOTEPA; VEHICLES; WATER;

EID: 61749087948     PISSN: 10781552     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1078155208096902     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Bagshawe KD, Magrath IT, Golding PR et al. Intrathecal methotrexate. Lancet 1969; 2(7632): 1258.
2. Pasquinucci G., Pardini R., Fedi F. Intrathecal methotrexate. Lancet 1970; 1(7641): 309-10.
3. Saiki JH, Thompson S., Smith F. et al. Paraplegia following intrathecal chemotherapy. Cancer 1972; 29(2): 370-74.
4. Hahn AF, Feasby TE, Gilbert JJ Paraparesis following intrathecal chemotherapy. Neurology 1983; 33(8): 1032-38.
5. Walker MD, Dalgard DW, Hurwitz BS The toxicity of intrathecal drugs and their ionic content. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 1969; 10: 384.
6. Geiser CF, Bishop JF, Frei E. Toxic effets of intrathecal methotexate in central nervous system prophylaxis of leukemic children: Clinical and morphological studies. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 1974; 15: 77.
7. Duttera MJ, Bleyer WA, Pomeroy TC et al. Irradiation, methotrexate toxicity, and the treatment of meningeal leukaemia. Lancet 1973; 2(7831): 703-07.
8. Geiser CF, Bishop Y., Jaffe N. et al. Adverse effects of intrathecal methotrexate in children with acute leukemia in remission. Blood 1975; 45(2): 189-95.
9. Hetherington NJ, Dooley MJ Potential for patient harm from intrathecal administration of preserved solutions. Med J Aust 2000; 173(3): 141-43.
10. Demopoulos A., Posner JB Treatment of leptomeningeal metastases (carcinomatous meningitis). In: Rose BD, editor. UpToDate. Waltham, MA; UpToDate 14.1; 27 December 2005.
11. Cradock JC, Kleinman LM, Rahman A. et al. Evaluation of some pharmaceutical aspects of intrathecal methotrexate sodium, cytarabine and hydrocortisone sodium succinate. Am J Hosp Pharm 1978; 35(4): 402-06.
12. DRUGDEX Evaluations [database on the Internet]. Cytarabine. Thomson MICROMEDEX®, 2006. Available from http://www.micromedex.com/. Accessed 12 June 2006.
13. Esteva FJ, Soh LT, Holmes FA et al. Phase II trial and pharmacokinetic evaluation of cytosine arabinoside for leptomeningeal metastases from breast cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2000; 46(5): 382-86.
14. Gutin PH, Weiss HD, Wiernik PH et al. Intrathecal N, N', N'-triethylenethiophosphoramide [thio-TEPA (NSC 6396)] in the treatment of malignant meningeal disease: Phase I-II study. Cancer 1976; 38(4): 1471-75.
15. Gutin PH, Levi JA, Wiernik PH et al. Treatment of malignant meningeal disease with intrathecal thioTEPA: A phase II study. Cancer Treat Rep 1977; 61(5): 885-87.
16. Orlando L., Curigliano G., Colleoni M. et al. Intrathecal chemotherapy in carcinomatous meningitis from breast cancer. Anticancer Res 2002; 22(5): 3057-59.
17. Giannone L., Greco FA, Hainsworth JD Combination intraventricular chemotherapy for meningeal neoplasia. J Clin Oncol 1986; 4(1): 68-73.
18. Cradock JC, Kleinman LM, Davignon JP Intrathecal injections-a review of pharmaceutical factors. Bull Parenter Drug Assoc 1977; 31(5): 237-47.
19. Wade A. Pharmaceutical handbook. 19th edn, London; The Pharmaceutical Press, 1980.
20. BC Cancer Agency Lymphoma Tumor Group. (LYIT) BCCA Summary for Treatment of Lymphoma using Intrathecal Methotrexate and Cytarabine. Vancouver: BC Cancer Agency; 1 September 2006.
21. Dobish R. Personal communication. Assistant Director, Provincial Pharmacy, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; 26 May 2006.
22. Werbowesky J. Personal communication. Pediatric Oncology Pharmacist, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg; 18 May 2006.
23. Iazzetta J. Personal communication. Drug information, Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Ontario; 16 May 2006.
24. Rudkin P. Personal communication. Oncology pharmacist, HealthCare Corporation of St John's, St John's Newfoundland; 16 May 2006.
25. Mackenzie J. Personal communication. Pharmacy, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario; 16 May 2006.
26. Ng P. Personal communication. Drug Information Pharmacist, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto; 16 May 2006.
27. Cain M. Personal communication. Senior Oncology Pharmacist, Cancer Clinical Service Unit, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia; 15 May 2006.
28. Small M. Personal communication. Lead oncology and haematology pharmacist, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK; 22 May 2006.
29. Koeller JM, Fields S. Alternative routes of chemotherapy administration. In: Dorr RT, Von-Hoff DD. Cancer chemotherapy handbook. 2nd edn, Norwalk, Connecticut; Appleton & Lange, 1994, p. 98.
30. McKelvey EM, McKelvey EM Meningeal involvement with metastatic carcinoma of the breast treated with intrathecal methotrexate. Cancer 1968; 22(3): 576-80.
31. Band PR, Holland JF, Bernard J. et al. Treatment of central nervous system leukemia with intrathecal cytosine arabinoside. Cancer 1973; 32(4): 744-48.
32. Shapiro WR, Young DF, Mehta BM et al. Methotrexate: Distribution in cerebrospinal fluid after intravenous, ventricular and lumbar injections. N Engl J Med 1975; 293(4): 161-66.
33. Bleyer WA, Dedrick RL, Bleyer WA et al. Clinical pharmacology of intrathecal methotrexate. I. Pharmacokinetics in nontoxic patients after lumbar injection. Cancer Treat Rep 1977; 61(4): 703-08.
34. Lankelma J., Lippens RJ, Drenthe-Schonk A. et al. Change in transfer rate of methotrexate from spinal fluid to plasma during intrathecal therapy in children and adults. Clin Pharmacokinet 1980; 5(5): 465-75.
35. Tourtellotte WW, Potvin AR, Mendez M. et al. Failure of intravenous and intrathecal cytarabine to modify central nervous system IgG synthesis in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1980; 8(4): 402-08.
36. Boogerd W., vd Sande JJ, Moffie D. et al. Acute fever and delayed leukoencephalopathy following low dose intraventricular methotrexate. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1988; 51(10): 1277-83.
37. Grossman SA, Finkelstein DM, Ruckdeschel JC et al. Randomized prospective comparison of intraventricular methotrexate and thiotepa in patients with previously untreated neoplastic meningitis. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 1993; 11(3): 561-69.
38. Kim S., Chatelut E., Kim JC et al. Extended CSF cytarabine exposure following intrathecal administration of DTC 101. J Clin Oncol 1993; 11(11): 2186-93.
39. Glantz MJ, Cole BF, Recht L. et al. High-dose intravenous methotrexate for patients with nonleukemic leptomeningeal cancer: Is intrathecal chemotherapy necessary? J Clin Oncol 1998; 16(4): 1561-67.
40. Mason WP, Yeh SD, DeAngelis LM et al. 111Indium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid cerebrospinal fluid flow studies predict distribution of intrathecally administered chemotherapy and outcome in patients with leptomeningeal metastases [see comment]. Neurology 1998; 50(2): 438-44.
41. Glantz MJ, Jaeckle KA, Chamberlain MC et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing intrathecal sustained-release cytarabine (DepoCyt) to intrathecal methotrexate in patients with neoplastic meningitis from solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res 1999; 5(11): 3394-402.
42. Moser AM, Adamson PC, Gillespie AJ et al. Intraventricular concentration times time (C x T) methotrexate and cytarabine for patients with recurrent meningeal leukemia and lymphoma. Cancer 1999; 85(2): 511-16.
43. Bomgaars L., Geyer JR, Franklin J. et al. Phase I trial of intrathecal liposomal cytarabine in children with neoplastic meningitis. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22(19): 3916-21.
44. Boogerd W., van den Bent MJ, Koehler PJ et al. The relevance of intraventricular chemotherapy for leptomeningeal metastasis in breast cancer: A randomised study. Eur J Cancer 2004; 40(18): 2726-33.
45. Grzelec H., Fryze C., Nowacki P. et al. F wave studies after intrathecal methotrexate administration. Acta Neurol Scand 1996; 94(4): 276-78.
46. Jacobs P., Wood L., Jacobs P. et al. Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Eur J Haematol 1992; 49(2): 53-58.
47. Oberg G., Hallgren R., Venge P. et al. Beta 2-microglobulin, lysozyme and lactoferrin in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with lymphoma or leukaemia: Relationship to CNS involvement and the effect of prophylactic intrathecal treatment with methotrexate. Br J Haematol 1987; 66(3): 315-22.
48. Strong JM, Collins JM, Lester C. et al. Pharmacokinetics of intraventricular and intravenous N,N',N''-triethylenethiophosphoramide (thiotepa) in rhesus monkeys and humans. Cancer Res 1986; 46(12 Pt 1): 6101-04.
49. Young GA, Milliken S., Jurd J. et al. The intraventricular reservoir in the treatment of neurological disease secondary to hematological malignancy: An eight year experience. Aust N Z J Med 1986; 16(3): 373-77.
50. Silverstein FS, Hutchinson RJ, Johnston MV et al. Cerebrospinal fluid biogenic amine metabolites in children during treatment for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Pediatr Res 1986; 20(4): 285-91.
51. Magrath IT, Janus C., Edwards BK et al. An effective therapy for both undifferentiated (including Burkitt's) lymphomas and lymphoblastic lymphomas in children and young adults. Blood 1984; 63 (5): 1102-11.
52. Bleyer WA, Coccia PF, Sather HN et al. Reduction in central nervous system leukemia with a pharmacokinetically derived intrathecal methotrexate dosage regimen. J Clin Oncol 1983; 1 (5): 317-25.
53. Ongerboer de Visser BW, Somers R., Nooyen WH et al. Intraventricular methotrexate therapy of leptomeningeal metastasis from breast carcinoma. Neurology 1983; 33 (12): 1565-72.
54. Freeman AI, Weinberg V., Brecher ML et al. Comparison of intermediate-dose methotrexate with cranial irradiation for the post-induction treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia in children. N Engl J Med 1983; 308 (9): 477-84.
55. Fulton DS, Levin VA, Gutin PH et al. Intrathecal cytosine arabinoside for the treatment of meningeal metastases from malignant brain tumors and systemic tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1982; 8 (3): 285-91.
56. Wasserstrom WR, Glass JP, Posner JB et al. Diagnosis and treatment of leptomeningeal metastases from solid tumors: Experience with 90 patients. Cancer 1982; 49 (4): 759-72.
57. Shapiro WR, Posner JB, Ushio Y. et al. Treatment of meningeal neoplasms. Cancer Treat Rep 1977; 61 (4): 733-43.
58. Geissler RG, Bergmann L., Hacker H. et al. Severe central nervous adverse effect of intrathecal chemotherapy in a 16-yr-old patient with Burkitt's type lymphoma. Eur J Haematol 1997; 58 (4): 286-88.
59. Gagliano RG, Costanzi JJ Paraplegia following intrathecal methotrexate: report of a case and review of the literature. Cancer 1976; 37 (4): 1663-68.
60. Muriel FS, Schere D., Barengols A. et al. Remission maintenance therapy for meningeal leukaemia: Intrathecal methotrexate and dexamethasone versus intrathecal craniospinal irradiation with a radiocolloid. Br J Haematol 1976; 34 (1): 119-27.
61. Peter A. Cytological changes in the cerebrospinal fluid following intrathecal methotrexate treatment. I. Observations in adult meningeal leukemia. Confin Neurol 1974; 36 (3): 186-96.
62. Bender RA, Bender RA Meningeal carcinomatosis: Treatment with intrathecal methotrexate. Oncology 1974; 30 (4): 328-33.
63. Misra RC, Basu AK, Misra RC et al. Leukaemic meningoencephalopathy: treatment with intrathecal methotrexate. J Assoc Physicians India 1973; 21 (10): 895-903.
64. Ojima Y., Sullivan RD Pharmacology of methotrexate in the human central nervous system. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1967; 125 (5): 1035-40.
65. Dent S., Eapen L., Girard A. et al. PROMACE-MOPP and intrathecal chemotherapy for CNS lymphomas. J Neurooncol 1996; 28 (1): 25-30.
66. Dunkelman H., Earl HM, Twelves C. Acute reversible neurological deficit following intrathecal chemotherapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1991; 27 (4): 329-30.
67. Nakagawa H., Fujita T., Kubo S. et al. Ventriculolumbar perfusion chemotherapy with methotrexate and cytosine arabinoside for meningeal carcinomatosis: A pilot study in 13 patients. Surg Neurol 1996; 45 (3): 256-64.