History of Solid Organ Transplantation and Organ Donation

Critical Care Clinics

Volumn 25, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 165-184

  Linden, Peter K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Cyclosporine; Heart transplantation; Immunosuppression; Kidney transplantation; Liver transplantation; Lung transplantation; Organ allocation; Organ donation; Organ transplantation; Tacrolimus

Indexed keywords

AZATHIOPRINE; CD45 ANTIGEN; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYCLOSPORIN A; INTERLEUKIN 2 RECEPTOR ANTIBODY; LYMPHOCYTE ANTIBODY; MERCAPTOPURINE; METHOTREXATE; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID 2 MORPHOLINOETHYL ESTER; OKT 3; PREDNISONE; RAPAMYCIN; TACROLIMUS; THYMOCYTE ANTIBODY;

ALLOTRANSPLANTATION; B CELL LYMPHOMA; BIOETHICS; BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION; CADAVER DONOR; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE MODEL; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG SAFETY; ETHICAL DECISION MAKING; GRAFT REJECTION; GRAFT SURVIVAL; HEART DEATH; HEART LUNG TRANSPLANTATION; HEART TRANSPLANTATION; HISTORY OF MEDICINE; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; INTESTINE TRANSPLANTATION; KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; LUNG TRANSPLANTATION; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; NEPHROTOXICITY; NEUROTOXICITY; NONHUMAN; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION; ORGAN DONOR; ORGAN PRESERVATION; ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RABIES; RECIPIENT; REVIEW; TISSUE TYPING; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WHOLE BODY RADIATION; XENOTRANSPLANTATION;

ANIMALS; CRITICAL CARE; CYCLOSPORINE; HEART TRANSPLANTATION; HISTOCOMPATIBILITY TESTING; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 21ST CENTURY; HISTORY, ANCIENT; HUMANS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS; KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; LUNG TRANSPLANTATION; MODELS, ANIMAL; ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION; PANCREAS TRANSPLANTATION; TACROLIMUS; TISSUE AND ORGAN PROCUREMENT; UNITED STATES; WORLD HEALTH;

EID: 61349127996     PISSN: 07490704     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2008.12.001     Document Type: Review

References (128)

1. Starzl T.E. History of clinical transplantation. World J Surg 24 7 (2000) 759-782
2. Suthanthiran M., and Strom T.B. Renal transplantation. N Engl J Med 331 6 (1994) 365-376
3. Sayegh M.H., and Carpenter C.B. Transplantation 50 years later - progress, challenges and promises. N Engl J Med 351 26 (2004) 2761-2766
4. Hossein S. Organ transplantation: from myth to reality. J Invest Surg 14 (2001) 135-138
5. Bergan A. Ancient myth, modern reality. A brief history of transplantation. J Biocommun 24 4 (1997) 2-9
6. Gutkind L. Many sleepness nights (1998), WW Norton, New York
7. Sabiston Jr. D.C. Textbook of surgery: the biological basis of surgical practice. 12th edition (1981), WB Saunders, Philadelphia
8. Chick L.R. Brief history and biology of skin grafting. Ann Plast Surg 21 4 (1988) 358-365
9. Zirm M.E. Eduard Konrad Zirm and the 'wondrously beautiful little window'. Refract Corneal Surg 5 4 (1989) 256-257
10. Carel A. The operative technique for vascular anastomoses and transplantation of viscera. Lyon Med 98 (1902) 859
11. Carrel A., and Guthrie C.C. Functions of a transplanted kidney. Science 22 (1905) 473
12. Ono S.J. The birth of transplantation immunology: the Billingham-Medawar experiments at Birmingham University of University College London. 1951. J Exp Biol 207 Pt 230 (2004) 4013-4014
13. Billingham R.E., Brent L., and Medawar P.B. Activity acquired tolerance of foreign cells. Nature 172 (1953) 603-606
14. Billingham R.E., Krohn P.L., and Medawar P.B. Effect of cortisone on survival of skin homografts in rabbits. Br Med J 4716 (1951) 1157-1163
15. Hamilton D.N.H., and Reid W.A. Yu Yu Vjronoy and the first human kidney allograft. Surg Gynecol Obstet 159 (1984) 289-294
16. Kuss R., Teinturier J., and Millieez P. Quelques essais de greffe rein chex l'homme. Mem Acad Chir 77 (1951) 755-764
17. Dubost C., Oeconomos N., Nenna A., et al. Resulstats d'une tentative de greffe renale. Bull Mem Soc Med Hop Paris 67 (1951) 105-106
18. Michon L., Hamburger J., Oeconomos N., et al. Une tentative de transplantation renale chez l'homme aspects medicaux et biologiques. Presse Med 61 (1953) 1419-1423
19. Hume D.M., Merrill J.P., Miller B.F., et al. Experiences with renal homotransplantation in the human: report of nine cases. J Clin Invest 34 (1955) 327-382
20. Merrill J.P., Murray J.E., Harrison J.H., et al. Successful homotransplantation of the human kidney between identical twins. JAMA 160 (1956) 277-282
21. Merrill J.P. The artificial kidney. N Engl J Med 246 (1952) 17-27
22. Murray J.E., Merrill J.P., Dammin G.J., et al. Study of transplantation immunity after total body irradiation. Clinical and experimental investigation. Surgery 48 (1960) 272-284
23. Murray J.E., Merrill J.P., Dammin G.J., et al. Kidney transplantation in modified recipients. Ann Surg 156 (1962) 337-355
24. Merrill J.P., Murray J.E., Harrison J.H., et al. Successful homotransplantation of the kidney between non-identical twins. N Engl J Med 262 (1960) 1251-1256
25. Hamburger J., Vaysse J., Crosnier J., et al. Transplantation of a kidney between non-monozygotic twins after irradiation of the receiver: good function at the fourth month. Presse Med 67 (1962) 671-674
26. Meeker W., Condie R., Weiner D., et al. Prolongation of skin homograft survival in rabbits by 6-mercaptopurine. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 192 (1959) 459
27. Calne R.Y. The rejection of renal homografts: inhibition in dogs by 6-mercaptopurine. Lancet 1 (1960) 417-418
28. Goodwin W.E., Kaufmann J.J., Mims M.M., et al. Human renal transplantation. Clinical experience with six cases of renal homotransplantations. J Urol 183 (1963) 12-24
29. Murray J.E., Merrill J.P., Harrison J.H., et al. Prolonged survival of human-kidney homografts by immunosuppressive drug therapy. N Engl J Med 268 (1973) 315-323
30. Starzl T.E., Manchioro T.I., and Waddell W.R. The reversal of rejection in human renal homografts with subsequent development of homograft tolerance. Surg Gynecol Obstet 117 (1963) 385-395
31. Scribner B.H., Buri R., Caner J.E., et al. The treatment of chronic uremia by means of intermittent hemodialysis: a preliminary report. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs 6 (1960) 114-122
32. Starzl T.E. Death after transplantation (editorial). Am J Med 42 3 (1967) 327-334
33. Hill R.B., Rowlands D.T., and Rifkind D. Infectious pulmonary disease in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy for organ transplantation. N Engl J Med 271 (1964) 1021-1027
34. Penn I., Hammond W., Brettschneider L., et al. Malignant lymphomas in transplantation patients. Transplant Proc 1 (1969) 106-112
35. Elkinton J.R. Moral problems in the use of borrowed organs, artificial and transplanted. Ann Intern Med 60 (1964) 309-310
36. Starzl T.E., Marchioro T.L., Porter K.A., et al. The use of heterologous antilymphoid agents in canine renal and liver homotransplantation and in human renal homotransplantations. Surg Gynecol Obstet 124 2 (1967) 301-308
37. Starzl T.E., Marchioro T.L., Vonkaulla K.N., et al. Homotransplantation of the liver in humans. Surg Gynecol Obstet 117 (1963) 659-676
38. Starzl T.E., Groth C.G., Brettschneider L., et al. Extended survival in 3 cases of orthotopic liver homotransplantation of the human liver. Surgery 63 4 (1968) 549-563
39. Starzl T.E., Koep L.J., Halgrimson C.G., et al. Fifteen years of clinical liver transplantation. Gastroenterology 77 2 (1979) 375-388
40. Barnard C.N. The operation. A human cardiac transplant: an interim report of a successful operation performed at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town. S Afr Med J 41 48 (1967) 1271-1274
41. Kelly W.D., Lillehei R.C., Merkel F.K., et al. Allotransplantation of the pancreas and duodenum along with the kidney in diabetic nephropathy. Surgery 61 6 (1967) 827-837
42. Hardy J.D., Webb W.R., and Dalton Jr. M.L. Lung homotransplantations in man. JAMA 186 (1963) 1065-1072
43. Cooley D.A., Bloodwell R.D., Hallman G.L., et al. Organ transplantation for advanced cardiopulmonary disease. Ann Thorac Surg 8 1 (1969) 30-46
44. Gohlke M., and Jennings M. I'll take tomorrow (1985), M Evans Publishing, New York ISBN 0871314584
45. Kahan B. Cyclosporine. N Engl J Med 321 25 (1989) 725-738
46. Calne R. Cyclosporine, a milestone in immunosuppression. Transplant Proc 36 Suppl 2 (2004) 13S-15S
47. Starzl T.E., Iwatsuki S., Shaw Jr. B.W., et al. Immunosuppression and other nonsurgical factors in the improved results of liver transplantation. Semin Liver Dis 5 4 (1985) 334-343
48. Dreyfuss M., Harri E., Hofmann H., et al. Cyclosporin A and C: new metabolites from Trichoderma polysporum. Eur J Appl Microbiol 3 (1976) 125-130
49. Borel J.F., Feurer C., and Gubler H.U. Biological effects of cyclosporin A: a new antilymphocytic agent. Agents Actions 6 (1976) 468-475
50. Rosenthal J.T., Hakala T.R., Iwatsuki S., et al. Cadaveric renal transplantation under cyclosporine-steroid therapy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 157 4 (1983) 309B-315B
51. Starzl T.E., Klintmalm G.B., Porter K.A., et al. Liver transplantation with use of cyclosporine a and prednisone. N Engl J Med 305 5 (1981) 266-269
52. Griffith B.P., Hardesty R.L., Deeb G.M., et al. Cardiac transplantation with cyclosporine A and prednisone. Ann Surg 196 3 (1982) 324-329
53. Reitz B.A., Wallwork J.L., Hunt S.A., et al. Heart-lung transplantation: successful therapy for patients with pulmonary vascular disease. N Engl J Med 306 10 (1982) 557-564
54. Cooper J.D., Pearson F.G., Patterson G.A., et al. Technique of successful lung transplantation in human. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 93 2 (1987) 173-181
55. Cooper J.D., Patterson G.A., Grossman, et al. Double-lung transplant for advanced chronic obstructive lung disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 139 2 (1989) 303-307
56. Griffith B.P., Shaw Jr. B.W., Hardesty R.L., et al. Veno-venous bypass without systemic anticoagulation for transplantation of the human liver. Surg Gynecol Obstet 160 (1985) 270-272
57. Fung J.J., Todo S., Jain A., et al. Conversion of liver allograft recipients with cyclosporine related complications from cyclosporine to FK 506. Transplant Proc 22 1 (1990) 6-12
58. Fung J.J., Todo S., Tzakis A., et al. Conversion of liver allograft recipients. from cyclosporine to FK506-based immunosuppression: benefits and pitfalls. Transplant Proc 23 1 part 1 (1991) 14-21
59. Armitage J.M., Kormos R.L., Griffith B.P., et al. The clinical trial of FK 506 as primary and rescue immunosuppression in cardiac transplantation. Transplant Proc 23 (1991) 1149-1154
60. Todo S., Fung J.J., Starzl T.E., et al. Liver, kidney, and thoracic organ transplantation under FK 506. Ann Surg 212 (1990) 295-305
61. Starzl T.E., Fung J., Jordan M., et al. Kidney transplantation under FK 506. JAMA 264 (1990) 63-67
62. Fung J.J., Todo S., Jain A., et al. The Pittsburgh randomized trial of tacrolimus versus cyclosporine for liver transplantation. J Am Coll Surg 183 (1996) 117-125
63. Todo S., Tzakis A.G., Abu-Elmagd K., et al. Intestinal transplantation in composite visceral grafts or alone. Ann Surg 216 (1992) 223-233
64. Todo S., Tzakis A.G., Abu-Elmagd K., et al. Cadaveric small bowel and small bowel-liver transplantation in humans. Transplantation 53 (1992) 369-376
65. Frezza E.E., Tzakis A., Fung J.J., et al. Small bowel transplantation: current progress and clinical application. Hepatogastroenterololgy 43 8 (1996) 363-376
66. Starzl T.E. Patterns of permissible donor-recipient tissue transfer in relation to ABO blood groups. In: Hill G.J. (Ed). Experience in renal transplantation (1964), Saunders, Philadelphia 37-47
67. Starzl T.E., Marchioro T.L., Holmes J.H., et al. Renal homografts inpatients with major donor-recipient blood group incompatibilities. [addendum]. Surgery 55 (1964) 195-200
68. Warner P.R., and Nester T.A. ABO incompatible solid organ transplantatoin. Am J Clin Pathol 125 Suppl (2006) S87-S92
69. Farges O., Kalil A.N., Samuel D., et al. The use of ABO-incompatible grafts in liver transplantation: a life-saving procedure in highly selected patients. Transplantation 59 8 (1995) 1124-1133
70. Dausset J. Iso-leuco-anticorps. Acta Haemetol 20 (1958) 156-166
71. Van Rood J.J., Eernisses J.G., and van Leeuwen A. Leucocyte antibodies in sera from pregnant women. Nature 181 (1958) 1735-1736
72. Terasaki P.K., and McClelland J.D. Microdroplet assay of human services cytotoxins. Nature 204 (1964) 998-1000
73. Starzl T.E., Eliasiw M., Gjertson M., et al. HLA and cross reactive antigen group matching for cadaver human kidney allocation. Transplantation 64 (1997) 983-991
74. Kenneth V. Iserson. Death to dust (1994), Galen Press Ltd, Tuscon p. 19
75. Whetstine L.M. End of life communication in the ICU. In: Crippen D. (Ed). A global perspective (2008), Springer, New York
76. Pernick M.S. Back from the grave; Recurring controversies over defining and diagnosing death in history. In: Zaner R.M. (Ed). Death: beyond whole brain criteria (1988), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston 17-74
77. Robertson J.A. The dead donor rule. Hastings Cent Rep 29 (2000) 6-14
78. Truog R.D., and Robinson W.M. Role of brain death and the dead-donor rule in the ethics of organ transplantation. Crit Care Med 31 9 (2003) 2391-2396
79. A definition of irreversible coma. Report of the Ad Hoc Committee of the Harvard Medical School to examine the definition of brain death. JAMA 205 (1968) 337-340
80. Guidelines for the determination of death. Report of the Medical Consultants on the Diagnosis of Death to the President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research. JAMA 246 (1981) 2184-2186
81. Halevy A., and Brody B. Brain death: reconciling definitions, criteria, and tests. Ann Intern Med 119 6 (1993) 519-525
82. Siminoff L.A., Burant C., and Youngner S.J. Death and organ procurement; public beliefs and attitudes. Soc Sci Med 59 (2004) 2325-2334
83. Foley D.P., Fernandez L.A., Leverson G., et al. Donation after cardiac death. The University of Wisconsin experience with liver transplantation. Ann Surg 242 11 (2005) 724-731
84. Casavilla A., Ramirez C., Shapiro R., et al. Experience with liver and kidney allografts from non-heart beating donors. Transplantation 59 (1995) 197-203
85. Alvarez J., del Barrio R., Arias J., et al. Non-heart beating donors from the street: an increasing donor supply pool source. Transplantation 70 (2000) 314-317
86. D'allessandro A.M., Hofmann R.M., Knechle S.J., et al. Liver transplantation from controlled non-heart-beating donors. Surgery 128 (2000) 579-588
87. Bernat J.L., D'Alessandro A.M., Port F.K., et al. Report of a national conference on donation after cardiac death. Am J Transplant 6 (2006) 281-291
88. Steinbrook R. Organ donation after cardiac death. N Engl J Med 357 3 (2007) 209-213
89. Selck F.W., Grossman E.B., Ratner L.E., et al. Utilization, outcome and retransplantation of liver allografts from donation after cardiac death. Implications for further expansion of the deceased donor pool. Ann Surg 248 4 (2008) 599-607
90. United Network for Organ Sharing. Available at:. www.unos.org [website] Accessed November 29, 2008
91. UNOS Policy 3,5.1. Expanded criteria donor definitions and point system (2002), VA United Network for Organ Sharing, Richmond
92. Cameron A.W., Ghobrial M., Yersiz H., et al. Optimal utilization of donor grafts with extended criteria. A single center experience in over 1000 liver transplants. Ann Surg 243 6 (2006) 748-755
93. Feng S., Goodrich N.P., Bragg-Gresham J.L., et al. Characteristics associated with liver graft failure: The concept of donor risk index. Am J Transplant 6 (2006) 783-790
94. Handschin A.E., Weber M., Demartines N., et al. Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. Br J Surg 90 11 (2003) 1323-1332
95. Busuttil R.W., and Goss J.A. Split liver transplantation. Ann Surg 229 (1999) 313-321
96. Starnes V.A., Woo M.S., MacLaughlin E.F., et al. Comparison of outcomes between living donor and cadaveric lung transplantation in children. Ann Thorac Surg 68 (1999) 2279-2283
97. Margreiter R. Living related pancreas and small bowel transplantation. Langenbecks Arch Surg 384 (1999) 544-549
98. Authors for the Live Organ Donor Consensus Group. Consensus statement on the liver organ donor. JAMA 284 22 (2000) 2919-2926
99. Roth A.E., Sonmez T., Unver M.U., et al. Utilizing list exchange and nondirected donation through chain paired kidney donations. Am J Transplant 6 (2006) 2695-2705
100. Killic M., Seu P., Stribling R.J., et al. In situ splitting of the cadaveric liver for two adult recipients. Transplantation 72 11 (2001) 1853-1858
101. Reyes J., Gerber D., Mazariegos G.V., et al. Split-liver transplantation: a Comparison of ex vivo and in situ techniques. J Pediatr Surg 35 2 (2000) 283-289
102. Rogiers X., Malago M., Gawad K., et al. In situ splitting of cadaveic livers. The ultimate expansion of a limited donor pool. Ann Surg 224 3 (1996) 331-339
103. Lowell J.A., Smith C., Brennan D.C., et al. The domino transplant: transplant recipients as organ donors. Transplantation 69 3 (2000) 372-376
104. Astor T.L., Galantowicz M., Phillips A., et al. Domino heart transplantation involving infants. Am J Transplant 7 11 (2007) 2626-2629
105. Starzl T.E., Brittain R.S., Stonington O.G., et al. Renal transplantation in identical twins. Arch Surg 86 (1963) 600-607
106. Starzl T.E. Experience in renal transplantation (1964), Saunders, Philadelphia p. 68-71
107. Marchioro T.L., Huntley R.T., Waddell W.R., et al. Extracorporeal perfusion for obtaining postmortem homografts. Surgery 54 (1963) 900-911
108. Merkel F.K., Jonasson G., and Bergan J.J. Procurement of cadaver donor organs: evisceration techniques. Transplant Proc 4 (1972) 585-589
109. Starzl T.E., Miller C., Broznick B., et al. An improved technique for multiple organ harvesting. Surg Gynecol Obstet 165 4 (1987) 343-348
110. Shah A.P., Milgrom D.P., Mangus R.S., et al. Comparison of pulsatile perfusion and cold storage for paired kidney allografts. Transplantation 86 7 (2008) 1006-1009
111. Imber C.J., St Peter S.D., Lopez de Cenarruzabeitia I., et al. Advantages of normothermic perfusion over cold storage in liver preservation. Transplantation 73 5 (2002) 701-709
112. Van der Werf W.J., D'Alessandro A.M., et al. Procurement, preservation and transport of cadaver kidneys. Surg Clin North Am 78 1 (1998) 41-54
113. Quarto M., Germinario C., Fontana A., et al. 1 HIV transmission through kidney transplantation from a living related donor. N Engl J Med 320 26 (1989) 1754
114. Kumar P., Pearson J.E., Martin D.H., et al. Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus by transplantation of a renal allograft with development of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med 106 2 (1987) 244-245
115. Srinivasan A., Burton E.C., Kuehnert M.J., et al. Transmission of rabies virus from an organ donor to four transplant recipients. N Engl J Med 352 11 (2005) 1103-1111
116. Iwamoto M., Jernigan D.B., Guasch A., et al. Transmission of West Nile virus from an organ donor to four transplant recipients. N Engl J Med 348 22 (2003) 2196-2203
117. Sloane A. Grading duke; "A" for acknowledgement. J Health Law 36 4 (2003) 627-645
118. Reemtsma K. Renal heterotransplantation from nonhuman primates to man. Ann NY Acad Sci 162 (1969) 412-418
119. Bailey L.L., Nehlsen-Cannarella S.L., Concepcion W., et al. Baboon-to-human cardiac xenotransplantation in a neonate. JAMA 254 (1985) 3321-3329
120. Starzl T.E., Marchioro T.L., Peters G.N., et al. Renal heterotransplantation from baboon-to- man: experience with 6 cases. Transplantation 2 (1964) 752-756
121. Starzl T.E., Fung J.J., Tzakis A., et al. Baboon-to-human liver transplantation. Lancet 341 (1993) 65-71
122. Soin B., Vial C.M., and Friend P.J. Xenotransplantation. Br J Surg 87 (2000) 138-148
123. Monaco A.P. Rewards for organ donation: the time has come. Kidney Int 69 6 (2006) 955-957
124. Sells R. Incentives for organ donation: some ethical concerns. Ann Transplant 9 1 (2004) 23-24
125. Hillman H. Harvesting organs from recently executed prisoners. Practice must be stopped. BMJ 323 7323 (2001) 1254
126. Khamash H.A., and Gaston R.S. Transplant tourism: a modern iteration of an ancient problem. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 13 4 (2008) 395-399
127. Freeman R.B., Weisman R.H., Harper A., et al. The New Liver Allocation System moving towards evidence based transplantation policy. Liver Transpl 8 (2002) 851-858
128. Moylan C.A., Brady C.W., Johnson J.L., et al. Disparities in liver transplantation before and after introductioin of the MELD Score. JAMA 300 20 (2008) 2371-2378