Dark cloud rising from the east: Indian sovereignty and the coming of King William's war in new England

New England Quarterly

Volumn 80, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 588-612

  Pulsipher, Jenny Hale ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 61249603891     PISSN: 00284866     EISSN: 19372213     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1162/tneq.2007.80.4.588     Document Type: Review

References (53)

1. Cotton Mather, Decennium Luctuosum [1699], in Narratives of the Indian Wars, 1675-1699, ed. Charles H. Lincoln (1913; reprinted, New York: Barnes and Noble, 1952). pp. 169-300.
2. On King Philip's War, see James D. Drake, King Philip's War: Civil War in New England (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1999);
3. Jill Lepore, The Name of War: King Philip's War and the Origins of American Identity (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1998);
4. On the French and Indian War, see Fred Anderson, The Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754-1766 (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000).
5. King William's War has received very little sustained attention since the nineteenth century, but a number of books include it as a small part of their narratives. These include Mary Beth Norton's In the Devil's Snare: The Salem Witchcraft Crisis of 1692 (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002),
6. Kenneth Morrison's The Embattled Northeast: The Elusive Ideal of Alliance in Abenaki-Euroamerican Relations (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984),
7. and Emerson W. Baker and John Reid's The New England Knight: Sir William Phips, 1651-1695 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998).
8. See also Christopher Bilodeau, "The Economy of War: Violence, Religion, and the Wabanaki Indians in the Maine Borderlands" (Ph.D. diss., Cornell University, 2006),
9. and Andrew Miller, "Abenakis and Colonists in Northern New England, 1675-1725" (Ph.D. diss., Johns Hopkins University, 2005).
10. On King William's War as the "Second Anglo-Abenaki War," see Evan Haefeli and Kevin Sweeney, Captors and Captives: The 1704 French and Indian Raid on Deerfield (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2003), pp. 81, 84.
11. and Emerson Woods Baker, "Finding the Almouchiquois: Native American Territories, Families, and Land Sales in Southern Maine," Ethnohistory 51 (Winter 2004): 73-100.
12. The claim that Indian power persisted in Maine long after King Philip's War, that it was recognized by contemporary Europeans, and that it gave Indians significant ability to influence the manner and terms of diplomatic negotiations and relations with Europeans has been argued persuasively in a recent article by Emerson W. Baker and John G. Reid, "Amerindian Power in the Early Modern Northeast: A Reappraisal," William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd ser., 61 (January 2004): 77-106.
13. Emerson W. Baker, "'A Scratch with a Bear's Paw': Anglo-Indian Land Deeds in Early Maine," Ethnohistory 36 (Summer 1989): 246;
14. William D. Williamson, The History of the State of Maine, 2 vols. (Hallowell, Me.: Glazier, Master, 1832), 1:571;
15. William Willis, quoting Pierre Biard, said that Maine's pre-epidemic Indian population was 9,000-10,000 (History of Portland, Part 1, in Collections of the Maine Historical Society 1 (1831): 287.
16. On the post-King Philip's War Indian population, see Drake, King Philip's War, p. 169.
17. Emerson W. Baker, "New Evidence on the French Involvement in King Philip's War," Maine Historical Society Quarterly 27 (Fall 1988): 85-91.
18. Morrison, Embattled Northeast, pp. 89-93.
19. On the Iroquois in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, see Jose Antonio Brandao, "Your Fyre Shall Burn No More": Iroquois Policy toward New France and Its Native Allies to 1701 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997),
20. and Daniel Richter, Ordeal of the Longhouse: The Peoples of the Iroquois League in the Era of European Colonization (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1992).
21. Acadia at the End of the Seventeenth Century: Letters, Journals and Memoirs of Joseph Robineau De Villebon, Commandant in Acadia, 1690-1700, ed. John Clarence Webster (Saint John, N.B.: New Brunswick Museum, 1934), p. 4.
22. and Kathleen J. Bragdon, Native People of Southern New England, 1500-1650 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1996), pp. 141-55.
23. and David Pulsifer, ed., Records of Plymouth Colony, 12 vols. (Boston: William White, 1855-61), 10:415-16.
24. Joshua Scottow, "Narrative of ye Voyage to Pemmaquid," Collection 420 (Fogg Collection), vol. 8, folder 57, Maine Historical Society, Portland, Maine. The same phrase was used in 1643 by Narragansett sachems Pessacus and Canonicus. They had submitted directly to King Charles I, seeking his protection. When Massachusetts Bay Colony officials demanded their attendance in Boston, the sachems refused, claiming that their status as "subjects. unto the same king" meant that Massachusetts had no authority over them and that, in case of any dispute, both would have to "repair unto that honorable, & just government" of the king for arbitration (Pulsifer, Records of Plymouth Colony, 10:415-16).
25. Scottow, "Narrative of ye Voyage to Pemmaquid";
26. Williamson, History of the Slate of Maine, 1:552-53.
27. Quoted in Mather, Decennium Luctuosum, pp. 186-87.
28. Williamson, History of the State of Maine, 1:553.
29. J. W. Fortescue, ed., Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Scries, America and West Indies (CSPCS) (London, 1899; reprinted, Kraus Reprint Ltd., Vaduz, 1964), 11:686-88, item 1863, 15 September 1684.
30. Franklin B. Hough, ed., "Papers Relating to Pemaquid" ("Pemaquid Papers") Collections of the Maine Historical Society 5 (1857): 60-64;
31. Charles Thornton Libby and Robert E. Moody, eds., Province and Court Records of Maine, 6 vols. (Portland: Maine Historical Society, 1947), 3:190;
32. Edward Russell, "History of North Yarmouth," in Collections of the Maine Historical Society 2 (1847): 172.
33. Russell, "History of North Yarmouth," pp. 178-79;
34. see also the petition of John Swarton, 16 June 1687, in DHSM, 6:264-65.
35. "Book of Eastern Claims," Old Times in North Yarmouth, July 1878, pp. 220-21.
36. William M. Sargent, "North Yarmouth Lawsuits," Old Times in North Yarmouth, October 1877, pp. 128-30.
37. and Baker, "A Scratch with a Bear's Paw."
38. "Pemaquid Papers," pp. 60-64;
39. The Journal of John Winthrop, 1630-1649, ed. James Kendall Hosmer, 2 vols. (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1908), 2:125.
40. Jeremy Belknap, The History of New Hampshire, ed. John Farmer, 2 vols. (Dover, N.H.: S. C. Stevens and Ela and Wadleigh, 1831), 1:508-9.
41. Belknap, The History of New Hampshire, 1:96, 109-11.
42. Denys Delage, Bitter Feast: Amerindians and Europeans in Northeastern North America, 1600-64, tr. Jane Brierly (Vancouver: UBC Press, 1993 [1985]), chaps. 2-3;
43. Belknap, History of New Hampshire, 1:509.
44. See also Morrison, The Embattled Northeast, p. 113.
45. Belknap, History of New Hampshire, 1:115-16; 511.
46. Conflict between Indians and English over crops and livestock contributed to King Philip's War as well. See Virginia DeJohn Anderson's Creatures of Empire: How Domestic Animals Transformed Early America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), pp. 231-40,
47. see also William Cronon's Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England (New York: Hill and Wang, 1983), chap. 7.
48. A Narrative of the Proceedings of Sir Edmond Androsse and his Complices, in Andros Tracts, pt. 1, p. 145;
49. Samuel Adams Drake, The Border Wars of New England: Commonly Called King William's and Queen Anne's Wars (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1910), p. 11;
50. CSPCS, 13:273-74, item 912.
51. Libby and Moody, eds., Province and Court Records of Maine, 3:xiii.
52. See Bilodeau, "The Economy of War," chaps. 4 and 5.
53. Willis, History of Portland, p. 287.