Imagining Confucius: Paradigmatic characters and virtue ethics

Journal of Chinese Philosophy

Volumn 32, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 409-426

  Tan, Sor Hoon ^a  

^a NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE   (Singapore)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 61049339870     PISSN: 03018121     EISSN: 15406253     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6253.2005.00201.x     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. An example is Analects 17.21. Unless otherwise stated, cited translations are adapted from D. C. Lau, Confucius: the Analects (Harmondsworth, England: Penguin, 1979)
2. Instead of Lau's translation of "heart" (xin) and "gentleman" (junzi), I translate xin as "heart-mind" and follow the translation junzi as "exemplary person" in Roger Ames and Henry Rosemont, The Analects of Confucius: A Philosophical Translation (New York: Ballantine, 1998). Ames and Rosemont translate xin as "heart-and- mind." Pinyin instead of Wade-Giles is used for names and romanization of Chinese char- acters. Subsequent citations from the Analects will be included in the main text for easy reference
3. Lee Sang-Im, "The Unity of Virtues in Aristotle and Confucius," Journal of Chinese Philosophy 26, no. 2 (1999)
4. Yu Jiyuan, "Virtue: Confucius and Aristotle," Philosophy East and West 48 (1998)
5. Chad Hansen, Duty and Virtue (La Salle, IL: Open Court, 1996)
6. Alasdair MacIntyre, "Incommensurability, Truth, and the Conversation Between Confucians and Aristotelians About Virtues," in E. Deutsch, ed., Culture and Modernity (Honolulu, HI: University Of Hawaii Press, 1991)
7. Alasdair MacIntyre, After Virtue (London: Duckworth, 1981)
8. Daniel Statman, Virtue Ethics (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1997), 7
9. See also Roger Crisp, Virtue Ethics (New York: Routledge, 1998), 623
10. G.E.M. Anscombe, "Modern Moral Philosophy," Philosophy 33 (1958): 1-19
11. Iris Murdoch, The Sovereignty of Good (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1970)
12. Michael Stocker, "The Schizophrenia of Modern Ethical Theories," Journal of Philosophy 73 (1976): 453-66
13. Philippa Foot, Virtues and Vices and Other Essays in Moral Philosophy (Oxford: Blackwell, 1978)
14. Bernard Williams, Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy (London: U.K., 1985), chapter 10
15. Antonio Cua, Dimensions of Moral Creativity (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1978), especially chapters 3-5
16. D. C. Lau, Mencius (Hong Kong: Chinese University of Hong Kong Press, 1984), 5B1. Subsequent citations from the Mencius will be in main text
17. Herbert Fingarette, Confucius - The Secular As Sacred (New York: Harper & Row, 1972)
18. Robert Eno, The Confucian Creation of Heaven: Philosophy and The Defense of Ritual Mastery (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1990)
19. Philip Ivanhoe, "Thinking and Learning in Early Confucianism," Journal of Chinese Philosophy 17 (1990): 473-74
20. Arthur Waley, The Analects of Confucius (London: Allen & Unwin, 1938), 46
21. Fingarette, Secular as Sacred, 65-7
22. Angus C. Graham, Disputers of the Tao: Philosophical Argument in Ancient China (Chicago and La Salle, IL: Open Court, 1989), 33
23. David Soles, "Confucius and the Role of Reason," Journal of Chinese Philosophy 22 (1995): 249-61
24. Shun, Kwong-Loi, "Moral Reasons in Confucian Ethics," Journal of Chinese Philosophy 16 (1989): 317-43
25. Heiner Roetz, Confucian Ethics of the Axial Age (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1993), 223
26. Shun, "Moral Reasons," 322
27. Cf. Roetz, Confucian Ethics, 203, 225. Contrary to Shun's definition, Roetz defines reason so that it excludes analogical reasoning
28. Wu Kuangming, "The Spirit of Pragmatism and the Pragmatic Spirit," in The Recovery of Philosophy in America, eds. Thomas Kasulis and Robert Neville (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997), 74
29. Kurt Baier, The Rational and the Moral Order (La Salle, IL: Open Court, 1995)
30. Hayden White, "Historicism, History, and the Figurative Imagination," History and Theory 14 (1975): 67
31. On the relation between history and literature, see Lionel Gossman, "History and Literature: Reproduction or Signification?" in Between History and Literature (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990)
32. Philip Ivanhoe, "Chinese Theories of History," in Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ed. Edward Craig (New York and London: Routledge, 1998), 449
33. Han Yu-shan, Elements of Chinese Historiography (Hollywood: W.M. Hawley, 1955), 24-25
34. Charles Gardner, Chinese Traditional Historiography (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1961), 13
35. Liu Xiaogan, "Confucianism: Texts in Guodian Bamboo Slips," in Encyclopedia of Chinese Philosophy, ed. A. S. Cua (New York and London: Routledge, 2003), 152
36. Joseph Margolis, "Prospects for a Radical Theory of History," The Monists 74 (1991): 268
37. See also Hayden White, Metahistory: The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth Century Europe (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973)
38. Dominick LaCapra, Rethinking Intellectual History (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1983)
39. Cf. Joan Scott, "The Evidence of Experience," Critical Inquiry 17 (1991)
40. see also Gossman, "The Rationality of History," in Between History
41. Hans-Georg Gadamer, Truth and Method (New York: Seabury Press, 1975)
42. Nicomachean Ethics, 1142a25-30 in Jonathan Barnes, The Complete Works of Aristotle (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984)
43. David Hoy, The Critical Circle: Literature, History and Philosophical Hermeneutics (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978), 55-61
44. Waley, The Analects, 44
45. Mary Banwart, Hume's Imagination (New York: Peter Lang, 1994), 30
46. Mary Warnock, Imagination (London: Faber and Faber, 1976), parts I and II
47. David Hume, A Treatise on Human Nature (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978), especially book I, part I
48. Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason (Indianapolis: Hackett, 1996), especially "Deduction of the Pure Concepts of Understanding."
49. See also Warnock, Imagination, part I
50. Murray Wright Bundy, The Theory of Imagination in Classical and Mediaeval Thought (Urbana: University of Illinois, 1927)
51. "Of the Dignity and Advancement of Learning" in The Works of Francis Bacon, ed. James Spedding (London: 1889-1892), 4:406
52. Blaise Pascal, Pensees (Paris: Seuil, 1962), 54
53. G. S. Rousseau, "Science and the Discovery of Imagination in Enlightened England," Eighteenth-Century Studies 3 (1969): 123
54. See also Leon Edel, Stuff of Sleep and Dreams, Experiments in Literary Psychology (New York: Harper & Row, 1982)
55. The Prelude, bk. xiv.190, ed. Andrew George, The Complete Poetical Works of William Wordsworth (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1932), 218
56. Annotations to Berkeley's Siris, in The Poetry and Prose of William Blake, ed. David Erdman (Garden City: Doubleday, 1965), 654
57. Jerzy Topolski, "The Role of Logic and Aesthetics in Constructing Narrative Wholes in Historiography," History and Theory 38 (1999): 198-210
58. White, "Historicism."
59. Rudolf Makkreel, "Reinterpreting the Historical World," The Monist 74 (1991): 161-62
60. Isaiah Berlin, "Giambattista Vico and Cultural History," in The Crooked Timber of Humanity, ed. Henry Hardy (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1991), 64
61. Alison E. Denham, Metaphor and Moral Experience (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2000)
62. John Kekes, "Pluralism, Moral Imagination, Moral Education," in Education in Morality, eds. J. Mark Halstead and Terence H. McLaughlin (London: Routledge, 1999)
63. Mark Johnson, Moral Imagination: Implications of Cognitive Science for Ethics (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993)
64. Jerome Bruner, "The Narrative Construction of Reality," Critical Inquiry 18 (1991): 21, 15
65. Hans-Georg Gadamer, "On the Problem of Self-Understanding," in Philosophical Hermeneutics (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977), 55
66. Analects 4.15. The character is a combination of the radical xin "heart-mind" and ru "alike."
67. Mencius 6A6, 7A1, 7B35
68. Analects 2.2, 4.17, 9.31, 16.10
69. Mencius 2A9, 5B1, 6A6
70. Cf. Peter Strawson, "Freedom and Resentment," Proceedings of the British Academy 48 (1962): 187-211
71. Charles Taylor, "Self-interpreting Animals" in Human Agency and Language, Philosophical Papers (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985), 45-76
72. John Deigh, "Cognitivism in the Theory of Emotions," Ethics 104 (1994): 824-54
73. William Rossky, "Imagination in English Renaissance: Psychology and Poetic," Studies in the Renaissance 5 (1958): 63
74. Thomas Wright, The Passions of the Minde in Generall (London: 1604), 8
75. Mette Hjort and Sue Laver, Emotion and the Arts (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997)
76. Richard Moran, "The Expression of Feeling in Imagination," Philosophical Review 103 (1994): 75-106
77. David Novitz, Knowledge, Fiction and Imagination (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1987), 79-88
78. Peter Lamarque, Philosophy and Fiction (Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, 1983), chaps. 4 and 5
79. William Lyons, Emotion (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1980), chap. 11
80. N. H. J. Dent, The Moral Psychology of the Virtues (London: Cambridge University Press, 1984), chap. 3
81. Anthony Kenny, Action, Emotion and Will (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1963), 100
82. Cf. Chad Hansen, "Qing (Emotions) in Pre-Buddhist Thought," in Emotions in Asian Thought, eds. Joel Marks and Roger Ames (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995), 181-211
83. Michael Stocker, "How Emotions Reveal Value and Help Cure the Schizophrenia of Modern Ethical Theories," in How Should One Live, ed. Roger Crisp (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996)
84. Wright, The Passions, 45
85. Leonard Berkowitz, Causes and Consequences of Feelings (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000), chaps. 5-7
86. Jon Elster, Alchemies of the Mind: Rationality and the Emotions (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999), 246
87. Lyons, Emotion, chapter 9
88. Nico Frijda, The Emotions (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1986), 71, 257