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Volumn 27, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 375-407

Choosing the greater and choosing the lesser: A translation and analysis of the Daqu and Xiaoqu chapters of the Mozi

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EID: 61049224374     PISSN: 03018121     EISSN: 15406253     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/0301-8121.00023     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (8)

References (78)
  • 1
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    • (Shanghai: Chung-hua Shu-chü, 1927-1936)
    • Bi Yuan's edition of the Mozi is included in the Ssu-pu pei-yao (Shanghai: Chung-hua Shu-chü, 1927-1936)
  • 2
    • 79954172232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • and vols. 7 and 8 of Mo Tzu Chi-ch'eng, 46 vols. (hereafter cited as MTCC) (Taipei: Cheng Wen Publishing Co., 1977)
    • and vols. 7 and 8 of Mo Tzu Chi-ch'eng, 46 vols. (hereafter cited as MTCC) (Taipei: Cheng Wen Publishing Co., 1977)
  • 3
    • 61049379858 scopus 로고
    • Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju
    • Tan Jiefu, Mobian Fawei (Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1964)
    • (1964) Mobian Fawei
    • Tan, J.1
  • 5
    • 77954838863 scopus 로고
    • The Logic of the Mohist Hsiao-ch'u
    • A. C. Graham's works on these chapters extend from his initial articles, "The Logic of the Mohist Hsiao-ch'u," T'oung Pao 51 (1964): 1-54
    • (1964) T'Oung Pao , vol.51 , pp. 1-54
  • 6
    • 79954350835 scopus 로고
    • Later Mohist Treatises on Ethics and Logic Reconstructed from the Ta-ch'u Chapter of Mo-tzu
    • Later Mohist Logic, Ethics and Science (hereafter cited as LMLES) (Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1978) to Disputers of the Tao (hereafter cited as DT) (La Salle, IL: Open Court, 1989)
    • and "Later Mohist Treatises on Ethics and Logic Reconstructed from the Ta-ch'u Chapter of Mo-tzu," Asia Major 17 (1964): 137-189, through his major treatise, Later Mohist Logic, Ethics and Science (hereafter cited as LMLES) (Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1978) to Disputers of the Tao (hereafter cited as DT) (La Salle, IL: Open Court, 1989)
    • (1964) Asia Major , vol.17 , pp. 137-189
  • 10
    • 61049232689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Philosophical Significance of Gongsun Long: A New Interpretation of Theory of Zhi as Meaning and Reference
    • Cheng Chung-ying, "Philosophical Significance of Gongsun Long: A New Interpretation of Theory of Zhi as Meaning and Reference," Journal of Chinese Philosophy 24 (1997): 139-177
    • (1997) Journal of Chinese Philosophy , vol.24 , pp. 139-177
    • Cheng, C.-Y.1
  • 11
    • 79953995403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mozi 14, Wu Yujiang, 1:154-155 and Y. P. Mei, pp. 79-80
    • See Mozi 14, Wu Yujiang, 1:154-155 and Y. P. Mei, pp. 79-80
  • 12
    • 61049508432 scopus 로고
    • Peking: Zhonghua Shuju
    • All textual references to the Mozi are to the edition of Wu Yujiang, Mozi Jiaozhu (Peking: Zhonghua Shuju, 1993)
    • (1993) Mozi Jiaozhu
    • Yujiang, W.1
  • 13
    • 79954104405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Ethical and Political Works of Motse (London: A Probsthain, 1929)
    • See also MTCC, vols. 43 and 44 and, in translation, to that of Mei, The Ethical and Political Works of Motse (London: A Probsthain, 1929), unless otherwise stated
  • 14
    • 79954157636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • History of Chinese Philosophy, 1 (hereafter cited as HCP), trans. D. Bodde (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1952), pp. 84-87
    • Fung Yu-lan expresses his view in his History of Chinese Philosophy, vol. 1 (hereafter cited as HCP), trans. D. Bodde (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1952), pp. 84-87
  • 15
    • 84986703664 scopus 로고
    • Is Mo Tzu a Utilitarian?
    • The recent articles are those of D. M. Ahern, "Is Mo Tzu a Utilitarian?," Journal of Chinese Philosophy 3 (1976): 185-193
    • (1976) Journal of Chinese Philosophy , vol.3 , pp. 185-193
    • Ahern, D.M.1
  • 16
    • 60950476425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mo Tzu and the Foundations of Morality
    • and D. E. Soles, "Mo Tzu and the Foundations of Morality," Journal of Chinese Philosophy 26 (1999): 37-48
    • (1999) Journal of Chinese Philosophy , vol.26 , pp. 37-48
    • Soles, D.E.1
  • 17
    • 84980300526 scopus 로고
    • Another Look at Utilitarianism in Mo Tzu's Thought
    • both contra and that of D. Vorenkamp, "Another Look at Utilitarianism in Mo Tzu's Thought," Journal of Chinese Philosophy 19 (1992): 423-443, which is pro
    • (1992) Journal of Chinese Philosophy , vol.19 , pp. 423-443
    • Vorenkamp, D.1
  • 18
    • 79954119054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hu Shi, p. 83 et seq
    • See Hu Shi, p. 83 et seq
  • 20
    • 79954347672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mozi Baihua Jinyi (hereafter cited as MBJ), edited by Wu Longhui (Peking: Zhongsuo Shudian, 1995) and Mozi Quanyi (hereafter cited as MZQY), edited by Zhou Caizhu and Qi Ruiduan (Guizhou: Guizhou People's Publishing Co., 1992)
    • Mozi Baihua Jinyi (hereafter cited as MBJ), edited by Wu Longhui (Peking: Zhongsuo Shudian, 1995) and Mozi Quanyi (hereafter cited as MZQY), edited by Zhou Caizhu and Qi Ruiduan (Guizhou: Guizhou People's Publishing Co., 1992)
  • 21
    • 79953963739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yen Ling-feng, (editor), Mo Tzu Chi-Ch'eng (MTCC)
    • Yen Ling-feng, (editor), Mo Tzu Chi-Ch'eng (MTCC)
  • 22
    • 79954150174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sun Yirang, Mozi Jiangu (Peking, 1896 and 1954 reprint), in MTCC, vols. 12-15
    • Sun Yirang, Mozi Jiangu (Peking, 1896 and 1954 reprint), in MTCC, vols. 12-15
  • 23
    • 79954320210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Xiaoqu Pian Xingu
    • Hu Shi, Xiaoqu Pian Xingu, in MTCC vol. 21
    • MTCC , vol.21
    • Shi, H.1
  • 24
    • 79954252122 scopus 로고
    • Liaoning: Liaoning Jiaoyu Publishing Co
    • Zhou Yunzhi, Mingbian Xuelun (Liaoning: Liaoning Jiaoyu Publishing Co., 1995)
    • (1995) Mingbian Xuelun
    • Zhou, Y.1
  • 26
    • 79954119055 scopus 로고
    • Notes sur la logique de Mo-tseu et de son école
    • H. Maspero, "Notes sur la logique de Mo-tseu et de son école," T'oung Pao 25 (1928): 1-64
    • (1928) T'Oung Pao , vol.25 , pp. 1-64
    • Maspero, H.1
  • 28
    • 61049193276 scopus 로고
    • Some Logical Problems in Ancient China
    • D. C. Lau, "Some Logical Problems in Ancient China," Proc Aristot Soc 53 (1952/53): 189-204
    • (1952) Proc Aristot Soc , vol.53 , pp. 189-204
    • Lau, D.C.1
  • 29
    • 79954406838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Guo Qingfan, Zhuangzi Jishi, 1 [Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1961], p. 96)
    • There is some uncertainty about this. Some interpreters take it to mean that there is no choice in that death is shunned and life is chosen. Wu, for example, sees it as a statement of the "spirit of sacrifice" of the Mohists and refers to Mencius 7A:26(2) and Zhuangzi 2 (Guo Qingfan, Zhuangzi Jishi, vol. 1 [Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1961], p. 96)
  • 30
    • 79954377894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (trans. after Watson, p. 46 in The Complete Works of Chuang Tzu [New York: Columbia University Press, 1968])
    • [With reference to the "perfect" man] "Even life and death have no effect on him, much less the rules of profit and loss" (trans. after Watson, p. 46 in The Complete Works of Chuang Tzu [New York: Columbia University Press, 1968])
  • 31
    • 79954077315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • also Mozi 16 which has: The weighing of life and death cannot be known (Wu, 1:177)
    • See also Mozi 16 which has: "The weighing of life and death cannot be known" (Wu, 1:177)
  • 32
    • 79954314476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • James Legge in The Chinese Classics [Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1960, reprint, 1:405
    • This version follows Zhang and is seen as a rebuttal of the Confucian statement in the Doctrine of the Mean 20:5: "Benevolence is humanity" (trans. after James Legge in The Chinese Classics [Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1960, reprint], 1:405)
  • 33
    • 79954004226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LMLES, pp. 475-478)
    • The position of this sentence in the list of "samenesses" varies. Both Tan and Zhang place it here, invalidating Graham's division of the list into two groups, that is, "sameness with the same name" and "sameness with the same root" (see LMLES, pp. 475-478)
  • 34
    • 79954342213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes, Great Treatise, Shisan Jing Zhushu, 1 (Taipei: Yi Wen Yin Shuguan, 1982), p. 177
    • c2 as "words" with reference, for example, to Mencius 2A:2(17) and Changes, Great Treatise, Shisan Jing Zhushu, vol. 1 (Taipei: Yi Wen Yin Shuguan, 1982), p. 177
  • 35
    • 79954023305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MZQY, p. 519 et seq.)
    • c4 to refer to litigation (see, e.g., MZQY, p. 519 et seq.)
  • 36
    • 79953916358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • and Zhao 1
    • and Zhao 1, where Legge translates it as "economical" and "sparingly," respectively (Legge, Chinese Classics, 5:180, 577)
    • Chinese Classics , vol.5 , pp. 180
  • 37
    • 79954165509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Xunzi 4 (Knoblock, 1:193)
    • c5 here translated as "protect and nourish," see Xunzi 4 (Knoblock, 1:193)
  • 38
    • 79954035784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Graham, LMLES, p. 475)
    • s12 seen also in section 9 above. It is simple and consistent to take both finger and head as bodily parts (however circumlocutory one might be in translation - see, e.g., Graham, LMLES, p. 475)
  • 39
    • 79954144521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (HCP, p. 262)
    • f8 or be added to the end of this section. Fung Yu-lan, who translates these characters as follows: "There are three things which must be complete before it may be adequately produced . ..," places them here (HCP, p. 262)
  • 40
    • 79953923071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guo, 2:523
    • z15 based on the Lun Yu 18:5. Zhang has "... tracing what has gone astray," referring to Zhuangzi 14 (Guo, 2:523)
  • 42
    • 79954020712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Tan, p. 486)
    • z16 is zealous in public affairs. The one who is zealous in public affairs looks on these in the same light as family affairs" (Tan, p. 486)
  • 43
    • 79954147785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lun Yu 2:3 and 12:18, 19
    • Lun Yu 2:3 and 12:18, 19
  • 44
    • 79954047638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tan, p. 402 and Graham, p. 491)
    • s19 as do other commentators (see Tan, p. 402 and Graham, p. 491)
  • 45
    • 79954380105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tan, p. 408
    • w10 (to say), following Bi Yuan. See Tan, p. 408
  • 46
    • 79954050967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zhuangzi 33 (Guo,4:1111) and the Huai Nanzi (Ssu-pu ts'ung-k'an [hereafter cited as SPTK] Commercial Press, [Shanghai: 1919-1936], 22:125)
    • Virtually identical arguments are given in the Zhuangzi 33 (Guo,4:1111) and the Huai Nanzi (Ssu-pu ts'ung-k'an [hereafter cited as SPTK] Commercial Press, [Shanghai: 1919-1936], 22:125)
  • 47
    • 77954843816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies of Intensional Contexts in Mohist Writings
    • (see p. 210)
    • D. Zong, "Studies of Intensional Contexts in Mohist Writings," Philosophy East and West 50 (2000): 208-228 (see p. 210)
    • (2000) Philosophy East and West , vol.50 , pp. 208-228
    • Zong, D.1
  • 48
    • 79954395162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mozi 16, Wu, 1:177
    • Mozi 16, Wu, 1:177
  • 49
    • 79954082147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hansen, p. 248
    • Hansen, p. 248. The reference to Mencius is 3B:9(9)
  • 51
    • 79954269727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zong, pp. 210-212
    • See Zong, pp. 210-212
  • 52
    • 79953933222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zhang Qihuang, p. 262
    • See Zhang Qihuang, p. 262
  • 53
    • 79954004227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • and SPTK, 18:89
    • For the respective references see SPTK, 14:29 and SPTK, 18:89
    • SPTK , vol.14 , pp. 29
  • 54
    • 79954072026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mencius 6B:6(1)
    • Mencius 6B:6(1)
  • 55
    • 79954075435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Notes on the Mozi
    • Liang Qichao, "Notes on the Mozi," reprinted in MTCC, vol. 18, p. 53
    • MTCC , vol.18 , pp. 53
    • Liang, Q.1
  • 57
    • 79953959975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The reference to Xunzi is 22.3f, Knoblock, 3:123-124
    • The reference to Xunzi is 22.3f, Knoblock, 3:123-124
  • 58
    • 79954060137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tan's detailed discussion on pp. 480ff
    • See Tan's detailed discussion on pp. 480ff
  • 59
    • 61049318964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Neo-Mohist Conception of Bian [Disputation]
    • C. Chong, "The Neo-Mohist Conception of Bian [Disputation]," Journal of Chinese Philosophy 26 (1999): 1-19
    • (1999) Journal of Chinese Philosophy , vol.26 , pp. 1-19
    • Chong, C.1
  • 60
    • 79954333519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • also Hansen, pp. 238-239
    • See also Hansen, pp. 238-239
  • 61
    • 79954377896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • and Zhou Yunzhi, p. 79ff
    • and Zhou Yunzhi, p. 79ff
  • 62
    • 0004348388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aristotle, I, I and Fung Yu-lan, HCP
    • See Aristotle, "Prior Analytics" I, I and Fung Yu-lan, HCP, pp. 257-262
    • Prior Analytics , pp. 257-262
  • 63
    • 79954049885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Beijing: Zhongguo Guangbo Dianshi Publishing Co., 1998), pp. 202ff and Zhou Yunzhi, pp. 79ff
    • See Sun Zhongyuan, Moxue yu Xiandai Wenhua (Beijing: Zhongguo Guangbo Dianshi Publishing Co., 1998), pp. 202ff and Zhou Yunzhi, pp. 79ff
    • Moxue Yu Xiandai Wenhua
    • Zhongyuan, S.1
  • 64
    • 79954374690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zhuangzi 2 (Guo, 1:63, 66)
    • Zhuangzi 2 (Guo, 1:63, 66)
  • 66
    • 79954187667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wu Feibai, p. 445 et seq
    • Wu Feibai, p. 445 et seq
  • 67
    • 79954012570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A translation of this story is given by Hu Shi, Logical Method, pp. 99-100
    • Logical Method , pp. 99-100
    • Shi, H.1
  • 68
    • 79953952942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hansen, pp. 250-251
    • Hansen, pp. 250-251
  • 69
    • 79954128755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wu Feibai, p. 447
    • Wu Feibai, p. 447. The reference to Mozi 17 is the example of distinguishing colors and tastes (Wu Yujiang, 1:199 and Mei, pp. 99-100)
  • 70
    • 79954095356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tan Jiefu, pp. 433-434
    • Tan Jiefu, pp. 433-434
  • 71
    • 79954381176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zhou Yunzhi, pp. 84-85
    • Zhou Yunzhi, pp. 84-85
  • 72
    • 79954271340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Xunzi 22:3a
    • Xunzi 22:3a
  • 73
    • 79954054528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Xiaoqu Pian Xingu, where he refers to Mozi 48 (Wu, 2:704)
    • See, for example, Hu Shi's analysis (Xiaoqu Pian Xingu, pp. 23-24) where he refers to Mozi 48 (Wu, 2:704)
    • Hu Shi's Analysis , pp. 23-24
  • 74
    • 79954404236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • by Mei, p. 234
    • The translation of the story is given by Mei, p. 234
  • 75
    • 79953938319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Graham
    • See Graham, LMLES, pp. 490-491
    • LMLES , pp. 490-491
  • 76
    • 79953942294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aristotle, "De Interpretatione" IX, 19a and Kneale and Kneale, pp. 17-18
    • Aristotle, "De Interpretatione" IX, 19a and Kneale and Kneale, pp. 17-18
  • 77
    • 79954389478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hansen, p. 251
    • Hansen, p. 251
  • 78
    • 79954328030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zhou Yunzhi, p. 89
    • Zhou Yunzhi, p. 89


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