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Volumn 15, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 367-395

Mass media and the generation of conflict: West Germany's long sixties and the formation of a critical public sphere

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EID: 60950324485     PISSN: 09607773     EISSN: 14692171     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0960777306003377     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (19)

References (185)
  • 4
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    • A growing body of literature deals with the transformation of cultural norms and memory since the fifties
    • Princeton: Princeton University Press
    • A growing body of literature deals with the transformation of cultural norms and memory since the fifties. See, e.g., Hanna Schissler, ed., The Miracle Years: A Cultural History of West Germany, 1949-1968 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001)
    • (2001) The Miracle Years: A Cultural History of West Germany, 1949-1968
    • Schissler, H.1
  • 13
  • 14
    • 60949678392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In Germany, the protest events of the years 1967 to 1969 are commonly referred to as '1968', and the student generation of the time is labelled 'the 68ers'.
    • In Germany, the protest events of the years 1967 to 1969 are commonly referred to as '1968', and the student generation of the time is labelled 'the 68ers'
  • 15
    • 60949924945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation und Generationalität in der Neueren Geschichte
    • Bernd Weisbrod, 'Generation und Generationalität in der Neueren Geschichte', Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, 8 (2005), 3-9
    • (2005) Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte , vol.8 , pp. 3-9
    • Weisbrod, B.1
  • 17
    • 79954849727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Öffentlichkeit" als historische Kategorie und als Kategorie der Historie
    • My notion of the public sphere does not follow Jürgen Habermas's well-known study, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, since his book (written in 1959) is so sceptical of the role of modern mass media that it fails to describe accurately the role of mass media and journalism in modern democracies. I define 'public sphere' broadly as a structure of many co-existing forums in which a society selects topics for debate and negotiates patterns of interpretation, values and conflicting interests. In modern societies the forum of the mass media can be deemed a 'master forum', because it reflects and reports on the debates carried out in most other societal forums, and because its importance is assumed by almost all members of the different forums. Journalists, as gatekeepers and players who regulate access and structure the content of the mass media, are therefore crucial for the functioning of the modern public sphere. For similar concepts see Kurt Imhof, '"Ö ffentlichkeit" als historische Kategorie und als Kategorie der Historie', Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Geschichte, 46 (1996): 3-25
    • (1996) Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Geschichte , vol.46 , pp. 3-25
    • Imhof, K.1
  • 27
    • 77951035652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Journalisten: Worte als Taten
    • and the essay by, Norbert Frei, ed, Frankfurt am Main: Campus
    • and the essay by Matthias Weiss, 'Journalisten: Worte als Taten', in Norbert Frei, ed., Karrieren im Zwielicht: Hitlers Eliten nach 1945 (Frankfurt am Main: Campus, 2001), 241-301
    • (2001) Karrieren im Zwielicht: Hitlers Eliten nach 1945 , pp. 241-301
    • Weiss, M.1
  • 29
    • 85011412409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Die 68er Bewegung und die Massenmedien
    • There are a few short pieces which discuss the subject but do not provide an overview. Bernd Sösemann, 'Die 68er Bewegung und die Massenmedien', in Wilke, Mediengeschichte der Bundesrepublik, 672-97
    • Wilke, Mediengeschichte der Bundesrepublik , pp. 672-697
    • Sösemann, B.1
  • 31
    • 52649091919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Revolt against the Establishment: Students versus the Press in West Germany and Italy
    • Carole Fink, Philipp Gassert and Detlef Junker, eds, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press
    • Stuart J. Hilwig, 'The Revolt against the Establishment: Students versus the Press in West Germany and Italy', in Carole Fink, Philipp Gassert and Detlef Junker, eds., 1968: The World Transformed (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998), 321-49
    • (1998) 1968: The World Transformed , pp. 321-349
    • Hilwig, S.J.1
  • 32
    • 60949811568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Die Studentenbewegung im Spiegel der Ruhrgebietspresse
    • Werner Lindner, 'Die Studentenbewegung im Spiegel der Ruhrgebietspresse', Westfälische Forschungen, 48 (1998): 217-40
    • (1998) Westfälische Forschungen , vol.48 , pp. 217-240
    • Lindner, W.1
  • 33
    • 60949759121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1968 und die Massenmedien - Momente europäïscher Öffentlichkeit
    • Jörg Requate and Martin Schulze-Wessel, eds, Frankfurt am Main: Campus
    • Michael A. Schmidtke, '"1968" und die Massenmedien - Momente europäïscher Öffentlichkeit', in Jörg Requate and Martin Schulze-Wessel, eds., Europäische Öffentlichkeit: Transnationale Kommunikation seit dem 18. Jahrhundert (Frankfurt am Main: Campus, 2002), 273-94
    • (2002) Europäische Öffentlichkeit: Transnationale Kommunikation seit dem 18. Jahrhundert , pp. 273-294
    • Schmidtke, M.A.1
  • 35
    • 79954933984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stuttgart: J. B. Metzler, (quoting Spiegel of 15 July 1959).
    • Knut Hickethier, Geschichte des deutschen Fernsehens (Stuttgart: J. B. Metzler, 1998), 92, 80 (quoting Spiegel of 15 July 1959)
    • (1998) Geschichte des deutschen Fernsehens , vol.92 , pp. 80
    • Hickethier, K.1
  • 36
    • 60950201073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • By the mid-fifties, this weekly reached more readers than any other magazine. Potsdam: Verlag für Berlin-Brandenburg
    • By the mid-fifties, this weekly reached more readers than any other magazine. See Lu Seegers, Hör Zu!: Eduard Rhein und die Rundfunkprogrammzeitschriften, 1931-1965 (Potsdam: Verlag für Berlin-Brandenburg, 2001), 199
    • (2001) Hör Zu!: Eduard Rhein und die Rundfunkprogrammzeitschriften, 1931-1965 , pp. 199
    • Lu, S.1
  • 37
    • 79954929797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • This is how the editor-in-chief of the magazine Münchner Illustrierte described the aims of its competitor Revue in 1954. Federal Press Office, report on the illustrated weeklies from Feb. 22, 1954, Federal Archives Koblenz hereafter FAK, B 145/1735
    • This is how the editor-in-chief of the magazine Münchner Illustrierte described the aims of its competitor Revue in 1954. Federal Press Office, report on the illustrated weeklies from Feb. 22, 1954, Federal Archives Koblenz (hereafter FAK), B 145/1735
  • 38
    • 79954857173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stern no. 58, 20 Feb. 1955, 1
    • Stern no. 58, 20 Feb. 1955, 1
  • 39
    • 79954832810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In a conversation with officials of the Federal Press Office on 22 Feb. 1954 n. 15 above
    • In a conversation with officials of the Federal Press Office on 22 Feb. 1954 (see n. 15 above)
  • 42
    • 79954907933 scopus 로고
    • These programmes were Panorama, Report, Bericht aus Bonn, Monitor, Kontraste, and Weltspiegel
    • 2 vols. (Frankfurt am Main: Deutsches Rundfunkarchiv,: 193 ff.;
    • These programmes were Panorama, Report, Bericht aus Bonn, Monitor, Kontraste, and Weltspiegel. For details see Ernst Loewy and Achim Klünder, eds., Magazinbeiträge im Deutschen Fernsehen, 2 vols. (Frankfurt am Main: Deutsches Rundfunkarchiv, 1973), 2: 193 ff
    • (1973) Magazinbeiträge im Deutschen Fernsehen , pp. 2
    • Loewy, E.1    Klünder, A.2
  • 44
    • 79954668548 scopus 로고
    • Der gesellschaftskritische Auftrag des Fernsehens für das Programm
    • ed. Dieter Stolte (Mainz: v. Hase u. Köhler,. 47
    • Klaus von Bismarck, 'Der gesellschaftskritische Auftrag des Fernsehens für das Programm', in Fernseh-Kritik: Die gesellschaftskritische Funktion des Fernsehens, ed. Dieter Stolte (Mainz: v. Hase u. Köhler, 1970), 47-69, 47
    • (1970) Fernseh-Kritik: Die gesellschaftskritische Funktion des Fernsehens , pp. 47-69
    • von Bismarck, K.1
  • 45
    • 67549122627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Von der Sorge um die Tiere zur Sorge um die Umwelt: Tiersendungen als Umweltpolitik in Westdeutschland zwischen 1950 und 1980
    • Specifically the series Ein Platz für Tiere with Bernhard Grzimek and Sterns Stunde with Horst Stern. Jens Ivo Engels, 'Von der Sorge um die Tiere zur Sorge um die Umwelt: Tiersendungen als Umweltpolitik in Westdeutschland zwischen 1950 und 1980', Archiv für Sozialgeschichte, 43 (2003), 297-323
    • (2003) Archiv für Sozialgeschichte , vol.43 , pp. 297-323
    • Engels, J.I.1
  • 46
    • 79954971011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • This was a wave from 1967 to 1970: Detlef Siegfried, Draht zum Westen: Populäre Jugendkultur in den Medien 1963 bis 1971
    • 4-7
    • This was a wave from 1967 to 1970: Detlef Siegfried, 'Draht zum Westen: Populäre Jugendkultur in den Medien 1963 bis 1971', in Monika Estermann and Edgar Lersch, eds., Buch, Buchhandel und Rundfunk: 1968 und die Folgen (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2003), 83-109, 104-7
    • (2003) Buch, Buchhandel und Rundfunk: 1968 und die Folgen Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz , pp. 83-109
    • Estermann, M.1    Lersch, E.2
  • 47
    • 79954725746 scopus 로고
    • Der TV-Schreiber: Ein 'Stück Rundfunkfreiheit'? Zur Soziologie der Fernsehautoren in der BRD
    • 257, Christian Longolius, ed., Mainz: v. Hase u. Köhler,. Another such study with similar findings is Reinhart Stalmann, 'Über die Professionalisierungstendenzen bei den Pressejournalisten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland', Ph.D. thesis, Zürich, 1974.
    • Karla Fohrbeck and Andreas J. Wiesand, 'Der TV-Schreiber: Ein 'Stück Rundfunkfreiheit'? Zur Soziologie der Fernsehautoren in der BRD', in Christian Longolius, ed., Fernsehen in Deutschland, vol. 3: Macht und Ohnmacht der Autoren Fernsehen in Deutschland (Mainz: v. Hase u. Köhler, 1973), 225-67, 257. Another such study with similar findings is Reinhart Stalmann, 'Über die Professionalisierungstendenzen bei den Pressejournalisten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland', Ph.D. thesis, Zürich, 1974
    • (1973) Fernsehen in Deutschland, 3: Macht und Ohnmacht der Autoren Fernsehen in Deutschland , pp. 225-267
    • Fohrbeck, K.1    Wiesand, A.J.2
  • 48
    • 79954901293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intendant Klaus von Bismarck und die Kampagne gegen den 'Rotfunk' WDR
    • 363-6
    • The broadcasting station Westdeutscher Rundfunk in particular was infamous for such independent foreign policy moves. The above quotation, by its chief executive Klaus von Bismarck, stems from 1966. FAK, B 145/4480, note from 13 April 1966. See also Josef Schmid, 'Intendant Klaus von Bismarck und die Kampagne gegen den 'Rotfunk' WDR', Archiv für Sozialgeschichte, 41 (2001): 349-81, 363-6
    • (2001) Archiv für Sozialgeschichte , vol.41 , pp. 349-381
    • Schmid, J.1
  • 49
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    • Die Groβe Koalition 1966-1969: Reden und Erklärungen des Bundeskanzlers
    • Dieter Oberndörfer (Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt,
    • By this, Kiesinger (chancellor from 1966 to 1969) was alluding to a large group of influential journalists who promoted the diplomatic recognition of the German Democratic Republic, and thus challenged the traditional West German politics of isolating the Eastern state. Speech in parliament on 13 October 1967: Kurt Georg Kiesinger, Die Groβe Koalition 1966-1969: Reden und Erklärungen des Bundeskanzlers, ed. Dieter Oberndörfer (Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1979), 122-3
    • (1979) , pp. 122-123
    • Kiesinger, K.G.1
  • 50
    • 79954683487 scopus 로고
    • Fernsehstars und 'freie Liebe': Zur Karriere der Programmzeitschrift 'Hör Zu
    • online edition, 2004
    • Lu Seegers, 'Fernsehstars und 'freie Liebe': Zur Karriere der Programmzeitschrift 'Hör Zu', 1965-1974', Zeithistorische Forschungen, online edition, 1 (2004), 12
    • (1965) Zeithistorische Forschungen , vol.1 , pp. 12
    • Lu, S.1
  • 52
    • 79954810686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The first programme, with the unwieldy title Panorama - worüber man spricht, worüber man sprechen sollte (Panorama - what one does and should talk about), was a forerunner of what was to become the successful series Panorama and Report from 1960/1961
    • The first programme, with the unwieldy title Panorama - worüber man spricht, worüber man sprechen sollte (Panorama - what one does and should talk about), was a forerunner of what was to become the successful series Panorama and Report from 1960/1961 on. Lampe, Panorama, Report und Monitor, 16-17
    • Report und Monitor , pp. 16-17
    • Lampe Panorama1
  • 53
    • 79954810688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For average ratings of the 'TV magazines', 193 ff. The news weekly Der Spiegel had been known as the 'enfant terrible' of the West German media landscape before, but until 1961 the number of people it was able to reach by opting out of consensus journalism had been much more limited. n. 19 above.
    • For average ratings of the 'TV magazines', see Loewy and Klünder, Magazinbeiträge 2: 193 ff. The news weekly Der Spiegel had been known as the 'enfant terrible' of the West German media landscape before, but until 1961 the number of people it was able to reach by opting out of consensus journalism had been much more limited. See n. 19 above
    • Magazinbeiträge , vol.2
    • Loewy1    Klünder2
  • 54
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    • Quoted in
    • Quoted in Seegers, Hör Zu!, 227
    • Hör Zu , vol.227
    • Seegers1
  • 55
    • 79954976729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report from 19 Feb. 1960, written by Kostka; note by Ruth Müller from 8 Nov. 1963. Both in FAK, B 145/1735.
    • Report from 19 Feb. 1960, written by Kostka; note by Ruth Müller from 8 Nov. 1963. Both in FAK, B 145/1735
  • 56
    • 43149088064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Forty-Fivers: A Generation between Fascism and Democracy
    • A. Dirk Moses, 'The Forty-Fivers: A Generation between Fascism and Democracy', German Politics and Society, 17 (1999): 94-126
    • (1999) German Politics and Society , vol.17 , pp. 94-126
    • Dirk Moses, A.1
  • 57
    • 60949624009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Helmut Schelskys 'Skeptische Generation' von 1957: Zur Publikations- und Wirkungsgeschichte eines Standardwerkes'
    • Franz-Werner Kersting, 'Helmut Schelskys 'Skeptische Generation' von 1957: Zur Publikations- und Wirkungsgeschichte eines Standardwerkes', Vierteljahreshefte für Zeitgeschichte, 50 (2002), 465-495
    • (2002) Vierteljahreshefte für Zeitgeschichte , vol.50 , pp. 465-495
    • Kersting, F.-W.1
  • 59
    • 60949713754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jugend im Umbruch vom Nationalsozialismus zur Nachkriegsdemokratie
    • S
    • Friedhelm Boll, 'Jugend im Umbruch vom Nationalsozialismus zur Nachkriegsdemokratie', Archiv für Sozialgeschichte, 37 (1997), S. 482-520
    • (1997) Archiv für Sozialgeschichte , vol.37 , pp. 482-520
    • Boll, F.1
  • 60
    • 79954774789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • There is no strict division of labor between editors and reporters in Germany; thus all who produce media content and are fully employed are referred to as 'editors, Redakteure
    • There is no strict division of labor between editors and reporters in Germany; thus all who produce media content and are fully employed are referred to as 'editors' (Redakteure)
  • 61
    • 79954981847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Of the above mentioned, only Augstein was slightly older - born in 1923, he already headed Der Spiegel in 1947.
    • Of the above mentioned, only Augstein was slightly older - born in 1923, he already headed Der Spiegel in 1947
  • 62
    • 79954914325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • This holds true for Gert von Paczensky, Joachim Fest, Peter Merseburger and Bernt Engelmann at Panorama, and for Günter Gaus, Wolf Littmann, Helmut Hammerschmidt and Claus Hinrich Casdorff at Report
    • This holds true for Gert von Paczensky, Joachim Fest, Peter Merseburger and Bernt Engelmann at Panorama, and for Günter Gaus, Wolf Littmann, Helmut Hammerschmidt and Claus Hinrich Casdorff at Report
  • 63
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    • The 45ers who gathered there were Helmut Jedele, Heinz Huber, Hans Gottschalk, Peter Adler, Horst Jaedicke, Martin Walser, Wilhelm Bittorf and Dieter Ertel, among others.
    • The 45ers who gathered there were Helmut Jedele, Heinz Huber, Hans Gottschalk, Peter Adler, Horst Jaedicke, Martin Walser, Wilhelm Bittorf and Dieter Ertel, among others
  • 64
    • 79954698548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To give a few examples: Franz Wördemann, born in 1923, headed the Westdeutscher Rundfunk television department from 1962;
    • To give a few examples: Franz Wördemann, born in 1923, headed the Westdeutscher Rundfunk television department from 1962
  • 65
    • 79954640162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hans Heigert, born in 1925, led the Bayerischer Rundfunk television from 1961;
    • Hans Heigert, born in 1925, led the Bayerischer Rundfunk television from 1961
  • 66
    • 79954651308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rolf Menzel, born in 1924, headed the Sender Freies Berlin television from 1956.
    • Rolf Menzel, born in 1924, headed the Sender Freies Berlin television from 1956
  • 68
    • 79954887876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Based on the biographies of Frankfurter Allgemeine journalists in the brochure Sie redigieren und schreiben die Frankfurter Allgemeine, Zeitung für Deutschland (Frankfurt am Main, 1964).
    • Based on the biographies of Frankfurter Allgemeine journalists in the brochure Sie redigieren und schreiben die Frankfurter Allgemeine, Zeitung für Deutschland (Frankfurt am Main, 1964)
  • 71
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    • Seegers, Hör Zu!, 174-90, 226-30
    • Hör Zu , vol.174-90 , pp. 226-230
    • Seegers1
  • 72
    • 79954900829 scopus 로고
    • the data in a parliamentary report:, 3 July, Deutscher Bundestag, 5. Wahlperiode, Drucksache V/3122, 132, 136, 138
    • See the data in a parliamentary report: Schluβbericht der Pressekommission des Bundestages, 3 July 1968 (Deutscher Bundestag, 5. Wahlperiode, Drucksache V/3122), 132, 136, 138, 151-7
    • (1968) Schluβbericht der Pressekommission des Bundestages , pp. 151-157
  • 77
    • 79954963838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Die Medienpolitik von Konrad Adenauer und Willy Brandt
    • 297-316
    • Daniela Münkel, 'Die Medienpolitik von Konrad Adenauer und Willy Brandt', Archiv für Sozialgeschichte, 41 (2001), 297-316, 310
    • (2001) Archiv für Sozialgeschichte , vol.41 , pp. 310
    • Münkel, D.1
  • 79
    • 79954870882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In the publicly owned West German broadcasting system, the major political parties were at times able to oust leading journalists or censor programmes due to their representation in the controlling committees. the numerous files of press reactions to both programmes from the 1960s, Medienarchiv, Norddeutscher Rundfunk, Hamburg
    • In the publicly owned West German broadcasting system, the major political parties were at times able to oust leading journalists or censor programmes due to their representation in the controlling committees. See the numerous files of press reactions to both programmes from the 1960s, Medienarchiv, Norddeutscher Rundfunk, Hamburg
  • 80
    • 79954666275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note of Federal Press Office to Foreign Office, 27 Feb. 1962. FAK, B 145/4124.
    • Note of Federal Press Office to Foreign Office, 27 Feb. 1962. FAK, B 145/4124
  • 82
    • 79954966221 scopus 로고
    • Die Politik der Propaganda: Zur Praxis gouvernementaler Selbstrepräsentation vom Kaiserreich bis zur Bundesrepublik
    • U. D. and Wolfram Siemann, eds. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer
    • Ute Daniel, 'Die Politik der Propaganda: Zur Praxis gouvernementaler Selbstrepräsentation vom Kaiserreich bis zur Bundesrepublik', in U. D. and Wolfram Siemann, eds., Propaganda: Meinungskampf, Verführung und politische Sinnstiftung, 1789-1989 (Frankfurt am Main: Fischer, 1994), 44-82
    • (1994) Propaganda: Meinungskampf, Verführung und politische Sinnstiftung, 1789-1989 , pp. 44-82
    • Daniel, U.1
  • 84
    • 79954968678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveys conducted for the US High Commissioner in West Germany. Hurwitz, Die Stunde Null, 297
    • Die Stunde Null , pp. 297
    • Hurwitz1
  • 85
    • 79954711333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research Staff, Office of Public Affairs, US Embassy, Germany, 'West German Editors Assess the Press', Report C-6, Series no. 3, 21 Feb. 1957
    • Research Staff, Office of Public Affairs, US Embassy, Germany, 'West German Editors Assess the Press', Report C-6, Series no. 3, 21 Feb. 1957
  • 87
    • 79954950992 scopus 로고
    • Der Journalist und seine Verbände
    • Cron a (born 1899), Bern: Scherz, , here 25-6, 18-19.
    • Cron (born 1899), 'Der Journalist und seine Verbände', in Harry Pross, ed., Deutsche Presse seit 1945 (Bern: Scherz, 1965), 11-26, here 25-6, 18-19
    • (1965) Deutsche Presse seit 1945 , pp. 11-26
    • Pross, H.1
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    • 79954796639 scopus 로고
    • Problematik der journalistischen Nachwuchs-Ausbildung
    • Frankenfeld, born 1898, was editor-in-chief and led the 'Berufsvereinigung Hamburger Journalisten' from 1951, bis zum 27. März 1960 in Berlin (Bonn: Neuwied, , 15.
    • Frankenfeld, born 1898, was editor-in-chief and led the 'Berufsvereinigung Hamburger Journalisten' from 1951. 'Problematik der journalistischen Nachwuchs-Ausbildung', in Deutscher Journalisten-Verband e.v., ed., Zehn Jahre Deutscher Journalisten-Verband: Festschrift anläβlich der Hauptversammlung des DJV vom 23. bis zum 27. März 1960 in Berlin (Bonn: Neuwied, 1960), 13-15, 15
    • (1960) Zehn Jahre Deutscher Journalisten-Verband: Festschrift , pp. 13-15
    • Journalisten-Verband, D.1
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    • As explained by Rupert Giessler, head of the Deutscher Journalisten-Verband 1952 to 1965, and member of the Council , 26
    • As explained by Rupert Giessler, head of the Deutscher Journalisten-Verband 1952 to 1965, and member of the Council. 'Der deutsche Presserat', in ibid., 23-6, 26
    • Der deutsche Presserat , pp. 23-26
  • 92
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    • Das Presse- und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung: Eine Untersuchung zu Fragen der Organisation
    • Frankfurt am Main: Haag u. Herchen
    • Details in Horst O. Walker, Das Presse- und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung: Eine Untersuchung zu Fragen der Organisation, Koordination und Kontrolle der Presse- und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit der Bundesregierung (Frankfurt am Main: Haag u. Herchen, 1982), 184-5
    • (1982) Koordination und Kontrolle der Presse- und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit der Bundesregierung , pp. 184-185
    • Walker, H.O.1
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    • ed. Rudolf Morsey and Hans-Peter Schwarz, 4 vols, Berlin: Siedler
    • Konrad Adenauer, Teegespräche 1950-1963, ed. Rudolf Morsey and Hans-Peter Schwarz, 4 vols. (Berlin: Siedler, 1984-92)
    • (1984) Teegespräche 1950-1963
    • Adenauer, K.1
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    • Giessen: Presse-Verlag,). Quoted are the essays by Ruth Münster-Göldner, , and Rolf Meyer, 166.
    • Handbook Der Journalist: Das Handbuch für den Publizisten, ed. Karl d'Ester and Ewald W. Remy, vol. 1 (Giessen: Presse-Verlag, 1951). Quoted are the essays by Ruth Münster-Göldner, 114, and Rolf Meyer, 166
    • (1951) Handbook Der Journalist: Das Handbuch für den Publizisten , vol.1 , pp. 114
    • K. d'Ester1    Remy, E.W.2
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    • Freedom of the Press under Military Government in Western Germany (1945-1949)
    • Ph.D. thesis, Harvard University
    • Jänecke had written an anonymous pamphlet in 1948, sharply criticising the media policies of the US occupation: see Franz B. Gross, 'Freedom of the Press under Military Government in Western Germany (1945-1949), The Origin and the Development of the New German Press, Ph.D. thesis, Harvard University, 1952, 218-21
    • (1952) The Origin and the Development of the New German Press , pp. 218-221
    • Gross, F.B.1
  • 97
    • 79954715293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • German Journalists and the Boundless Continent after 1945: America as a Theme in the Narrative Refashioning of the Political Self
    • paper given at, New Orleans, September
    • T̈ungel published a clearly anti-American book together with Hans Rudolf Berndorff, the successful author of serial novels for the weeklies of the fifties: Auf dem Bauche sollst Du kriechen ⋯ Deutschland unter den Besatzungsmächten (Hamburg: Wegner, 1958). Boveri's Amerikafibel celebrated German culture against the backdrop of a bleak United States: see Michaela Hoenicke Moore, 'German Journalists and the "Boundless Continent" after 1945: America as a Theme in the Narrative Refashioning of the Political Self', paper given at the German Studies Association Conference, New Orleans, September 2003
    • (2003) the German Studies Association Conference
    • Moore, M.H.1
  • 99
    • 79954783826 scopus 로고
    • Eigentümlichkeiten der Meinungsbildung
    • Die Zeit no. 8, 17 Feb. 1961. For responses , Munich: R. Piper, , 86, 90-1;
    • Die Zeit no. 8, 17 Feb. 1961. For responses, see Harry Pross, 'Eigentümlichkeiten der Meinungsbildung', in Politik und Publizistik in Deutschland seit 1945: Zeitbedingte Positionen (Munich: R. Piper, 1980), 84-93, 86, 90-1
    • (1980) Politik und Publizistik in Deutschland seit 1945: Zeitbedingte Positionen , pp. 84-93
    • Pross, H.1
  • 100
    • 79954640161 scopus 로고
    • Die Bewußtseins-Industrie und ihr Kritiker
    • 82-8
    • A. L. Adriaan, 'Die Bewußtseins-Industrie und ihr Kritiker', Merkur, 17 (1963), 82-8, 83
    • (1963) Merkur , vol.17 , pp. 83
    • Adriaan, A.L.1
  • 101
    • 79954770238 scopus 로고
    • Schwierigkeiten mit der Kritik: Die demokratische Funktion der Fernsehmagazine
    • Christian Longolius, ed., Mainz: v. Hase u. Köhler, , 107.
    • Joachim Fest, 'Schwierigkeiten mit der Kritik: Die demokratische Funktion der Fernsehmagazine', in Christian Longolius, ed., Fernsehen in Deutschland, vol. 1: Gesellschaftspolitische Aufgaben und Wirkungen eines Mediums (Mainz: v. Hase u. Köhler, 1967), 105-10, 107
    • (1967) Fernsehen in Deutschland, 1: Gesellschaftspolitische Aufgaben und Wirkungen eines Mediums , pp. 105-110
    • Fest, J.1
  • 102
    • 79954949135 scopus 로고
    • the Department of State on 27 Jan. (hereafter NAW), RG 59, Box 3069, 962a.61/1-2760.
    • Holzer's views as reported by the US Consul General in Frankfurt, W. Wendell Blancké, to the Department of State on 27 Jan. 1960. National Archives Washington (hereafter NAW), RG 59, Box 3069, 962a.61/1-2760
    • (1960) National Archives Washington
    • Wendell Blancké, W.1
  • 103
    • 79954907929 scopus 로고
    • freelancer; his discussion contribution in
    • a, ed, and, Darmstadt: Neue Darmstädter Verlagsanstalt, 138
    • Leonhard was a freelancer; his discussion contribution in Darmstädter Gespräch 1960: Der Mensch und seine Meinung, ed. Eugen Kogon and Heinz Winfried Sabais (Darmstadt: Neue Darmstädter Verlagsanstalt, 1961), 138
    • (1961) Darmstädter Gespräch 1960: Der Mensch und seine Meinung
    • Leonhard was1
  • 104
    • 79954903164 scopus 로고
    • manuscript for a programme in the radio series Unteilbares Deutschland
    • 12 Oct
    • Hansjakob Stehle, manuscript for a programme in the radio series Unteilbares Deutschland, Historical Archive of Westdeutscher Rundfunk, no. 2764, 12 Oct. 1963, 1
    • (1963) Historical Archive of Westdeutscher Rundfunk , Issue.2764 , pp. 1
    • Stehle, H.1
  • 105
    • 79954685911 scopus 로고
    • Rüdiger Proske, ibid., 143; Werner Steltzer, ibid., 220.
    • Harry Pross in Darmstädter Gespräch 1960, 133; Rüdiger Proske, ibid., 143; Werner Steltzer, ibid., 220
    • (1960) Darmstädter Gespräch , pp. 133
    • Pross, H.1
  • 106
    • 79954771228 scopus 로고
    • Instrumentarium unseres Verratsbegriffs
    • 107-12
    • Alexander Kluge, 'Instrumentarium unseres Verratsbegriffs', Merkur 17 (1963), 107-12, 110
    • (1963) Merkur , vol.17 , pp. 110
    • Kluge, A.1
  • 109
    • 79954983461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Konkurrent und Sündenbock: Zur Kritik an politischen Fernsehsendungen', in Longolius
    • Franz Wördemann, 'Konkurrent und Sündenbock: Zur Kritik an politischen Fernsehsendungen', in Longolius, Fernsehen in Deutschland, 1: 99-104, 103
    • Fernsehen in Deutschland , vol.1 , Issue.99 , pp. 103
    • Wördemann, F.1
  • 110
    • 79954968570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pro und Contra
    • Moersch (newspaper editor, born 1926), Stuttgart: Süddeutscher Rundfunk, , 307.
    • Moersch (newspaper editor, born 1926), 'Pro und Contra', in Hermann Fünfgeld, ed., Von auβen besehen: Markenzeichen des Süddeutschen Rundfunks (Stuttgart: Süddeutscher Rundfunk, 1998), 305-15, 307
    • (1998) Von auβen besehen: Markenzeichen des Süddeutschen Rundfunks , pp. 305-315
    • Fünfgeld, H.1
  • 112
    • 79954980015 scopus 로고
    • Die guten Geniesser mit dem schlechten Gewissen
    • 11 Sept
    • Koch, 'Die guten Geniesser mit dem schlechten Gewissen', Die Zeit no. 37, 11 Sept. 1964
    • (1964) Die Zeit , Issue.37
    • Koch1
  • 115
    • 0038431970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2nd edn (Munich: K. Blessing,.
    • Egon Bahr, Zu meiner Zeit, 2nd edn (Munich: K. Blessing, 1996), 63
    • (1996) Zu meiner Zeit , pp. 63
    • Bahr, E.1
  • 116
    • 79954770142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • the database mentioned above: for twenty-one of ninety-three 45ers, longer stays in one or more of these countries are documented before 1960
    • See the database mentioned above: for twenty-one of ninety-three 45ers, longer stays in one or more of these countries are documented before 1960
  • 118
    • 79954899035 scopus 로고
    • The Exchange of Persons Program in Western Germany
    • Henry P. Pilgert, The Exchange of Persons Program in Western Germany, Historical Division (n.p., 1951), 34
    • (1951) Historical Division , pp. 34
    • Pilgert, H.P.1
  • 120
    • 79954702033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public Affairs Officer USBER Berlin, Albert E. Hemsing, to Department of State, 21 Sept. 1962: NAW, RG 59, Box 3068, 962a.40/9-2162, 3.
    • Public Affairs Officer USBER Berlin, Albert E. Hemsing, to Department of State, 21 Sept. 1962: NAW, RG 59, Box 3068, 962a.40/9-2162, 3
  • 121
    • 79954658055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Letter of 12 June 1959: NAW, RG 59, Microfilm C 0056, Reel 36, 962a.6211/6-1259, appendix 1, 1.
    • Letter of 12 June 1959: NAW, RG 59, Microfilm C 0056, Reel 36, 962a.6211/6-1259, appendix 1, 1
  • 122
    • 79954861837 scopus 로고
    • Politisches Fernsehen: Gefahr und Auftrag
    • 365-74
    • Klaus Bölling, 'Politisches Fernsehen: Gefahr und Auftrag', in Rundfunk und Fernsehen, 11 (1963), 365-74, 373
    • (1963) Rundfunk und Fernsehen , vol.11 , pp. 373
    • Bölling, K.1
  • 123
    • 79954646700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manfred Jenke, quoted in Lampe and Schumacher
    • Co-editor
    • Co-editor Manfred Jenke, quoted in Lampe and Schumacher, Das 'Panorama' der 60er Jahre, 34-5
    • Das 'Panorama' der 60er Jahre , pp. 34-35
  • 124
    • 79954855292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quotations from manuscripts of the evening programme of Bayerischer Rundfunk on 24 Sept. 1965 and 31 July 1967. Bayerischer Rundfunk Historical Archive (hereafter BR HA), HF 2143 and HF 2145. Koch, 'Pensioniert von der Geschichte', Die Zeit no. 36, 4 Sept. 1964.
    • Quotations from manuscripts of the evening programme of Bayerischer Rundfunk on 24 Sept. 1965 and 31 July 1967. Bayerischer Rundfunk Historical Archive (hereafter BR HA), HF 2143 and HF 2145. Koch, 'Pensioniert von der Geschichte', Die Zeit no. 36, 4 Sept. 1964
  • 125
    • 79954767899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Die intellektuelle Rechte
    • 121; Matern, 98
    • Kruip, Das 'Welt'-'Bild', 106-9, 121; Matern, 'Die intellektuelle Rechte', 98
    • Das 'Welt'-'Bild , pp. 106-109
    • Kruip1
  • 128
    • 79954663078 scopus 로고
    • Sösemann'Die 68er Bewegung
    • und die Massenmedien 1968
    • Cf. Sösemann'Die 68er Bewegung'; Kraushaar, '1968 und Massenmedien'; Schmidtke, "1968' und die Massenmedien'
    • (1968) 1968 und Massenmedien Schmidtke
    • Kraushaar1
  • 130
    • 79954924985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Der gesellschaftskritische Auftrag
    • 52
    • Bismarck, 'Der gesellschaftskritische Auftrag', 52
    • Bismarck1
  • 131
    • 79954691650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NAW, RG 59, Box 1468, TEL 9-2 Ger-W: USIS Bonn to Department of State, signed Hillenbrand, 16 Aug. 1966. - 'Spiegel has been highly critical of the US position in Viet Nam', ibid., Box 424B 7 Ger W-US, 20 Jan. 1966, Embassy Bonn, McGhee, to Secretary of State. Stern headlines in 1965 read variously 'America's Dirty War' (no. 12, March 21, 1965, 38), 'A Crime' (no. 24, 13 June 1965, 122-23), 'The Hopeless War' (no. 44, 31 Oct. 1965, 60).
    • NAW, RG 59, Box 1468, TEL 9-2 Ger-W: USIS Bonn to Department of State, signed Hillenbrand, 16 Aug. 1966. - 'Spiegel has been highly critical of the US position in Viet Nam', ibid., Box 424B 7 Ger W-US, 20 Jan. 1966, Embassy Bonn, McGhee, to Secretary of State. Stern headlines in 1965 read variously 'America's Dirty War' (no. 12, March 21, 1965, 38), 'A Crime' (no. 24, 13 June 1965, 122-23), 'The Hopeless War' (no. 44, 31 Oct. 1965, 60)
  • 132
    • 79954049519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Von der Entdeckung der NS-Vergangenheit zum generellen Faschismusverdacht: Akademische Diskurse in der Bundesrepublik der 60er Jahre
    • Lammers et al., , , 118.
    • Particularly Die Zeit and Spiegel; see Bernd-A. Rusinek, 'Von der Entdeckung der NS-Vergangenheit zum generellen Faschismusverdacht: Akademische Diskurse in der Bundesrepublik der 60er Jahre', in Lammers et al., Dynamische Zeiten, 114-47, 118
    • Dynamische Zeiten , pp. 114-147
    • Rusinek, B.-A.1
  • 133
    • 79954776543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initiated by an article series by Georg Picht in Die Zeit, 1964.
    • Initiated by an article series by Georg Picht in Die Zeit, 1964
  • 135
    • 79954936181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Good examples of this tendency are programmes or articles that started off with a highly emotional, prejudice-laden narrative only to deconstruct it later on, and to discuss the students' arguments matter-of-factly. Quick, no. 18, 1 May, 1968, 14-18; piece on Dutschke in Monitor, 3 Nov. 1967 (quoted in Lampe, 216-22); Spiegel: no. 51, 11 Dec. 1967, cover and 52 ff.
    • Good examples of this tendency are programmes or articles that started off with a highly emotional, prejudice-laden narrative only to deconstruct it later on, and to discuss the students' arguments matter-of-factly. See Quick, no. 18, 1 May, 1968, 14-18; piece on Dutschke in Monitor, 3 Nov. 1967 (quoted in Lampe, 216-22); Spiegel: no. 51, 11 Dec. 1967, cover and 52 ff
  • 136
    • 79954981841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For examples, Spiegel: no. 24, 5 June 1967, cover, 47; no. 26, 19 June 1967, 18, 26 (quotation); Quick: no. 25, 18 June 1967, 24; no. 18, 1 May 1968, 18; no. 31, 30 July 1969, 23-4.
    • For examples, see Spiegel: no. 24, 5 June 1967, cover, 47; no. 26, 19 June 1967, 18, 26 (quotation); Quick: no. 25, 18 June 1967, 24; no. 18, 1 May 1968, 18; no. 31, 30 July 1969, 23-4
  • 137
    • 79954773074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For Dutschke, Spiegel: no. 29, 10 July 1967, 29 ff.; no. 51, 11 Dec. 1967, 52 ff.; no. 1, 1 Jan. 1968, 39; no. 4, 22 Jan. 1968, 25; no. 11, 11 March 1968, 72-3. Stern: no. 5, 4 Feb. 1968, 91-4; no. 8, 25 Feb. 1968, 9; no. 10, 10 March 1968, 188-9. For Rabehl, Spiegel no. 18, 29 Apr. 1968, 86, and the television programme Bericht aus Bonn, 3 May 1968. For Nevermann, television interviews in Monitor, 10 Feb. 1967; Report, 19 Apr. 1968, and Panorama, 11 Sept. 1967. For Meschkat, Panorama, 13 Feb. 1967, and 22 Apr. 1968; Monitor, 26 Apr. 1968. For Cohn-Bendit, Spiegel no. 22, 27 May 1968, 111; Stern no. 21, 26 May 1968, 155-9.
    • For Dutschke, see Spiegel: no. 29, 10 July 1967, 29 ff.; no. 51, 11 Dec. 1967, 52 ff.; no. 1, 1 Jan. 1968, 39; no. 4, 22 Jan. 1968, 25; no. 11, 11 March 1968, 72-3. Stern: no. 5, 4 Feb. 1968, 91-4; no. 8, 25 Feb. 1968, 9; no. 10, 10 March 1968, 188-9. For Rabehl, see Spiegel no. 18, 29 Apr. 1968, 86, and the television programme Bericht aus Bonn, 3 May 1968. For Nevermann, see television interviews in Monitor, 10 Feb. 1967; Report, 19 Apr. 1968, and Panorama, 11 Sept. 1967. For Meschkat, see Panorama, 13 Feb. 1967, and 22 Apr. 1968; Monitor, 26 Apr. 1968. For Cohn-Bendit, see Spiegel no. 22, 27 May 1968, 111; Stern no. 21, 26 May 1968, 155-9
  • 138
    • 79954916177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Especially Roman Brodmann's documentary on the events surrounding the visit of the Persian shah in 1967 ('Der Polizeistaatsbesuch', Munich: VHS video with brochure), and Günter Gaus' interview with Dutschke ('Zu Protokoll', broadcast on 3 Dec. 1967).
    • Especially Roman Brodmann's documentary on the events surrounding the visit of the Persian shah in 1967 ('Der Polizeistaatsbesuch', see Kay Hoffmann, Zeichen der Zeit: Zur Geschichte der Stuttgarter Schule (Munich: VHS video with brochure, 1996), 114-20), and Günter Gaus' interview with Dutschke ('Zu Protokoll', broadcast on 3 Dec. 1967)
    • (1996) Zeichen der Zeit: Zur Geschichte der Stuttgarter Schule , pp. 114-120
    • Hoffmann, K.1
  • 141
    • 79954825747 scopus 로고
    • Munich: Tuduv,), 43 ff
    • Examples in Hilwig, 'The Revolt against the Establishment', and (for the conservative daily Münchner Merkur) Andreas Renz, Die Studentenproteste von 1967/68 im Spiegel der Münchner Presse (Munich: Tuduv, 1992), 43 ff. For a compilation of headlines, see Spiegel no. 19, 6 May 1968, 38-41
    • (1992) Die Studentenproteste von 1967/68 im Spiegel der Münchner Presse
    • Renz, A.1
  • 142
    • 79954658143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spiegel: no. 26, 19 June 1967, 18, 25; no. 24, 5 June 1967, cover, 48, 50. Quick: no. 18, 1 May 1968, 18; no. 31, 30 July 1969, 24;
    • Spiegel: no. 26, 19 June 1967, 18, 25; no. 24, 5 June 1967, cover, 48, 50. Quick: no. 18, 1 May 1968, 18; no. 31, 30 July 1969, 24
  • 143
  • 144
    • 79954863715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spiegel: no. 51, 11 Dec. 1967, 68; no. 29, 10 July 1967, 27-8; Quick no. 18, 1 May 1968, 18; Stern no. 33, 18 Aug. 1968, 14-17, 77.
    • Spiegel: no. 51, 11 Dec. 1967, 68; no. 29, 10 July 1967, 27-8; Quick no. 18, 1 May 1968, 18; Stern no. 33, 18 Aug. 1968, 14-17, 77
  • 145
    • 79954946911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stern no. 18, 5 May 1968, 16, 110. Kai Hermann in Die Zeit, 26 April 1968, quoted in Sösemann, 695. Bott quoted in Lampe, Panorama, Report und Monitor, 261.
    • Stern no. 18, 5 May 1968, 16, 110. Kai Hermann in Die Zeit, 26 April 1968, quoted in Sösemann, 695. Bott quoted in Lampe, Panorama, Report und Monitor, 261
  • 147
    • 79954855372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schmidtke, Aufbruch, 180-1, 199. The series in Spiegel: no. 1-8, 1968, esp. no. 19, 6 May 1968, 38-46, and no. 21, 20 May 1968, 33.
    • Schmidtke, Aufbruch, 180-1, 199. The series in Spiegel: no. 1-8, 1968, see esp. no. 19, 6 May 1968, 38-46, and no. 21, 20 May 1968, 33
  • 148
    • 79954723992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • analysing four daily papers from the Ruhr region). 'Declaration of the Fourteen', 19 Apr. 1968, in Wolfgang Kraushaar, ed., Frankfurter Schule und Studentenbewegung: Von der Flaschenpost zum Molotowcocktail, 1946-1995, 3 vols. (Hamburg: Rogner u. Bernhard, 1998), 2: 363.
    • Lindner, 'Die Studentenbewegung', 237 (analysing four daily papers from the Ruhr region). 'Declaration of the Fourteen', 19 Apr. 1968, in Wolfgang Kraushaar, ed., Frankfurter Schule und Studentenbewegung: Von der Flaschenpost zum Molotowcocktail, 1946-1995, 3 vols. (Hamburg: Rogner u. Bernhard, 1998), 2: 363
    • Die Studentenbewegung , pp. 237
    • Lindner1
  • 149
    • 79954922834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • So-called 'Günther-Kommission'. See Schluβbericht der Pressekommission (n. 43 above); Kruip, Das 'Welt'-'Bild', 112
    • Das 'Welt'-'Bild' , pp. 112
    • Kruip1
  • 150
    • 79954825758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The radio and television sector was growing at the time, and was not subject to the decree banning radicals from state service in 1972. Stephan Rechlin, Rundfunk und Machtwechsel: Der Südwestfunk in den Jahren 1965-1977 (Baden-Baden: Nomos, 1999), 295;
    • The radio and television sector was growing at the time, and was not subject to the decree banning radicals from state service in 1972. Stephan Rechlin, Rundfunk und Machtwechsel: Der Südwestfunk in den Jahren 1965-1977 (Baden-Baden: Nomos, 1999), 295
  • 153
    • 79954942737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FAK, B 145/6969: report by Heinz Otto, 28 Feb. 1969 (quotations); the reports by Schüller, 14 May 1969, and Zöller, 16 May 1969.
    • FAK, B 145/6969: report by Heinz Otto, 28 Feb. 1969 (quotations); see also the reports by Schüller, 14 May 1969, and Zöller, 16 May 1969
  • 155
    • 79954673100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schwarzkopf quoted in Schmidtke, Aufbruch, 184.
    • Schwarzkopf quoted in Schmidtke, Aufbruch, 184
  • 156
    • 79954712153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Likewise Carola Stern in Stern, Doppelleben: Eine Autobiographie (Cologne: Kiepenheuer u. Witsch, 2001), 192, 195.
    • Likewise Carola Stern in Stern, Doppelleben: Eine Autobiographie (Cologne: Kiepenheuer u. Witsch, 2001), 192, 195
  • 157
    • 79954749365 scopus 로고
    • Historical Archive of Südwestfunk, P 28591. Hans Heigert, editor-in-chief of Bayerischer Rundfunk television, and Klaus von Bismarck, CEO of Westdeutscher Rundfunk, are other examples for this attitude
    • Quotations: Günter Gaus, lecture 'Report, Panorama, Monitor - Wie sollen politische Sendungen aussehen? [1968]', 4-5, in Historical Archive of Südwestfunk, P 28591. Hans Heigert, editor-in-chief of Bayerischer Rundfunk television, and Klaus von Bismarck, CEO of Westdeutscher Rundfunk, are other examples for this attitude
    • (1968) lecture 'Report, Panorama, Monitor - Wie sollen politische Sendungen aussehen? , pp. 4-5
    • Gaus, G.1
  • 160
    • 79954959853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When Stalmann in 1973/74 interviewed twelve editors born after 1936, seven emphasized the political motives guiding their career and their willingness to risk conflict: 'Über die Professionalisierungstendenzen', 137, 141, 143, 150, 155, 158-60, 163
    • When Stalmann in 1973/74 interviewed twelve editors born after 1936, seven emphasized the political motives guiding their career and their willingness to risk conflict: 'Über die Professionalisierungstendenzen', 137, 141, 143, 150, 155, 158-60, 163. For the television authors, see Fohrbeck and Wiesand, 'Der TV-Schreiber', 257-8
    • Der TV-Schreiber , pp. 257-258
    • Fbeck1    Wiesand2
  • 161
    • 79954725736 scopus 로고
    • The term 'consciousness industry' refers to Hans Magnus Enzensberger's concept of a manipulative culture industry
    • The term 'consciousness industry' refers to Hans Magnus Enzensberger's concept of a manipulative culture industry. From the dju-journal 'Die Feder', quoted in Wolfgang R. Langenbucher and Günther Neufeldt, 'Journalistische Berufsvorstellungen im Wandel von drei Jahrzehnten', in Hans Wagner, ed., Idee und Wirklichkeit des Journalismus: Festschrift für Heinz Starkulla (Munich: Olzog, 1988), 257-72, 267-8
    • (1988) Journalistische Berufsvorstellungen im Wandel von drei Jahrzehnten , pp. 257-272
    • Langenbucher, W.R.1    Neufeldt, G.2
  • 162
  • 169
    • 79954818888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • head of the central programme planning department of Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen
    • Konrad Dussel and Edgar Lersch, eds., Göttingen: Muster-Schmidt,.
    • Dieter Stolte, head of the central programme planning department of Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen, in Konrad Dussel and Edgar Lersch, eds., Quellen zur Programmgeschichte des deutschen Hörfunks und Fernsehens (Göttingen: Muster-Schmidt, 1999), 439
    • (1999) Quellen zur Programmgeschichte des deutschen Hörfunks und Fernsehens , pp. 439
    • Stolte, D.1
  • 170
    • 79954843947 scopus 로고
    • Fünf Thesen zur "Politisierung" der Statutenbewegung
    • ed, Darmstadt: Luchterhand
    • 'Fünf Thesen zur "Politisierung" der Statutenbewegung (1970)', in Fritz Vilmar, ed., Strategien der Demokratisierung, vol. 2 (Darmstadt: Luchterhand, 1973), 194-5
    • (1973) Strategien der Demokratisierung , vol.2 , pp. 194-195
  • 173
    • 79954839396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rundfunk und Machtwechsel; Zeuner
    • See also Rechlin, Rundfunk und Machtwechsel; Zeuner, Veto
    • Veto
    • Rechlin1
  • 176
    • 79954100993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zeitschriftenporträt: konkret
    • 236-7 (quotation from konkret no. 37, 1973 ibid
    • The above-mentioned Hermann Gremliza headed the experiment. See Alexander Gallus, 'Zeitschriftenporträt: konkret', in Jahrbuch Extremismus & Demokratie, 13 (2001), 227-49, 236-7 (quotation from konkret no. 37, 1973 ibid.)
    • (2001) Jahrbuch Extremismus & Demokratie , vol.13 , pp. 227-249
    • Gallus, A.1
  • 178
    • 79954949126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • These and more examples in Skriver, Schreiben (quotations: 67, 75, 77), and Branahl and Hoffmann-Riem, Redaktionsstatute, 320 ff.
    • Statutes for Frankfurter Rundschau, Mannheimer Morgen, Stern, Süddeutsche Zeitung and Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger. These and more examples in Skriver, Schreiben (quotations: 67, 75, 77), and Branahl and Hoffmann-Riem, Redaktionsstatute, 320 ff
    • Mannheimer Morgen, Stern, Süddeutsche Zeitung and Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger
    • Rundschau, F.1
  • 179
    • 79954656307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Well-known examples of autocratic rule are Henri Nannen at Stern, Rudolf Augstein at Spiegel and Eduard Rhein at Hör Zu!. Seegers, Hör Zu!, 223-5;
    • Well-known examples of autocratic rule are Henri Nannen at Stern, Rudolf Augstein at Spiegel and Eduard Rhein at Hör Zu!. Seegers, Hör Zu!, 223-5


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