"A palimpsest of contradictions": Ethnicity, class, and politics in Africa

International Journal of African Historical Studies

Volumn 37, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 13-31

  Berman, Bruce J ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 60950157842     PISSN: 03617882     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/4129070     Document Type: Review

References (51)

1. Encarta World English Dictionary (New York, 1999), 1300.
2. Bruce Berman and John Lonsdale, Unhappy Valley: Conflict in Kenya and Africa, Book One: State and Class (London, 1992), "Introduction, " 7-8.
3. Michel Foucault, Knowledge and Power (New York, 1980), 145.
4. T.C. Colchester to R.O. Hennings, 30 November 1978
5. as quoted in Bruce Berman, Control and Crisis in Colonial Kenya (London, 1990), xv.
6. Charles Tilly, "Reflections on the History of European State-Making, " in Tilly, ed., The Formation of National States in Western Europe (Princeton, 1975), 14-15;
7. Berman, Control and Crisis, 22-23.
8. John Lonsdale and Bruce Berman, "Coping with the Contradictions: The Development of the Colonial State in Kenya, 1895-1914, " Journal of African History 20, 4 (1979), 487-505;
9. Bruce Berman and John Lonsdale, "Crises of Accumulation, Coercion, and the Colonial state: The Development of the Labour Control System in Kenya, 1919-1929, " Canadian Journal of African Studies 14, 1 (1980), 55-81.
10. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The German Ideology (New York, 1947), 13, 38.
11. E.P. Thompson, The Poverty of Theory (London, 1978), 280.
12. Philip Corrigan and Derek Sayer, The Great Arch: English State Formationas Cultural Revolution (Oxford, 1985), 189-90.
13. James Clifford, The Predicament of Culture (Cambridge, Mass., 1988), 17.
14. Berman and Lonsdale, Unhappy Valley, 92.
15. Berman and Lonsdale, Unhappy Valley, Book Two: Violence and Ethnicity, 267-68.
16. The internal quotation is from Andrew Roberts, A History of Zambia(London, 1976), 65.
17. Stephen Jay Gould, Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History (New York, 1989), 278-79, 283, 284.
18. Wole Soyinka, as quoted by John Lonsdale in "African Pasts in Africa's Future, " Unhappy Valley, 203.
19. This section is based on the following: John Lonsdale, "States and Social Processes in Africa, " African Studies Review XXIV, 2/3 (1981);
20. John Lonsdale, "Political Accountability in African History, "in Patrick Chabal, ed., Political Domination in Africa (Cambridge, 1986);
21. Ellen Meiksins Wood, "The Separation of the Economic and the Political in Capitalism, " New Left Review 127 (1981), 78-79.
22. Philip Corrigan, Harvie Ramsay, and Derek Sayre, "The State as a Relation of Production, " in Corrigan, ed., Capitalism, State Formation and Marxist Theory (London, 1980), 12, 19.
23. Lonsdale, "The Moral Economy of Mau Mau, " 300.
24. Geoffrey Kay, The Political Economy of Colonialism in Ghana (Cambridge, 1972), 9.
25. Lonsdale, "States and Social Processes, " 182.
26. As argued, most notably, by Mahmood Mamdani in Citizen and Subject:Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism (Princeton, 1996).
27. John Lonsdale, "Jomo Kenyatta, God and the Modern World, " in Jan-Georg Deutsch and others, eds. African Modernities (Oxford, 2000).
28. Lonsdale, "The Moral Economy of Mau Mau, ", 294.
29. The concept of moral economy was adapted from E.P. Thompson, "The Moral Economy of the English Crowd in the Eighteenth Century, " in his Customs in Common (London, 1993).
30. This section is based primarily upon John Lonsdale, "The Moral Economy of Mau Mau: Wealth, Poverty and Civic Virtue in Kikuyu Political Thought, " in Berman and Lonsdale, Unhappy Valley;
31. John Lonsdale, "Moral Ethnicity and Political Tribalism, " in Preben Kaarsholm and Jan Hultin, eds., Inventions and Boundaries: Historical and Anthropological Approaches to the Study of Ethnicity (Roskilde, Denmark, 1994);
32. and Bruce Berman, "Ethnicity, Patronage and the African State: The Politics of Uncivil Nationalism, " African Affairs 97, 388 (July 1998).
33. John Lonsdale, "KAU's Cultures: Imaginations of Community and Constructions of Leadership in Kenya after the Second World War, " Journalof African Cultural Studies 13, 1 (2000), 107-24.
34. Lonsdale, "Moral Economy of Mau Mau, " 316;
35. and "Kikuyu Christianities: A History of Intimate Diversity, "in David Maxwell and Ingrid Lawrie, eds., Christianity and the African Imagination (Leiden, 2002), 161.
36. This analysis connects with and extends that of Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities (London, 1991).
37. Bruce Berman, "Ethnography as Politics, Politics as Ethnography:Kenyatta, Malinowski and the Making of Facing Mount Kenya, " Canadian Journal of African Studies 30, 3 (1996);
38. Bruce Berman and John Lonsdale, "The Labours of Muigwithania: Jomo Kenyatta as Author, 1928-1945, " Research in African Literatures, 29, 1(1998);
39. John Lonsdale, "Kikuyu Christianities";
40. John Lonsdale, "Jomo, God and the Modern World";
41. John Lonsdale, "Contests of Time: Kikuyu Historiographies, Old and New, " in Axel Harneit-Sievers, ed., A Place in the World: New Local Historiographies from Africa and South Asia (Leiden, 2002);
42. Bruce Berman and John Lonsdale "Custom, Modernity and the Search for Kihooto: Kenyatta, Malinowski and the Making of Facing Mount Kenya, " in Robert Gordon and Helen Tilley, eds., Anthropology, European Imperialism and the Ordering of Africa (Manchester, forthcoming).
43. Bruce Berman, "Caught in the Contradictions: The State in Kenya, 1945-97, " in A. Bakan and E. Macdonald, eds., Critical Political Studies:Essays in Honour of Colin Leys (Montreal, 2002);
44. John Lonsdale, "Moral and Political Argument in Kenya, " in Bruce Berman, Dickson Eyoh, and Will Kymlicka, eds., Ethnicity and Democracy in Africa (Oxford, forthcoming).
45. Bronislaw Malinowski, "Introduction" to The Study of Culture Contact in Africa (London, 1938);
46. and Malinowski, "Introduction" to Jomo Kenyatta, Facing Mount Kenya (London, 1938).
47. See also Carlo Rossetti, "B. Malinowski, the Sociology of 'Modern Problems' in Africa and the 'Colonial Situation, '" Cahiers d'etudes Africaines 25 (1987), 477-503;
48. Berman, "Ethnography as Politics."
49. John Lonsdale, "The Moral Economy of Mau Mau";
50. John Lonsdale, "Authority, Gender and Violence: The War Within Mau Mau's Fight for Land and Freedom, " in E.S. Atieno-Odhiambo and John Lonsdale, eds., Mau Mau and Nationhood (Oxford, 2003).
51. As, for example, by John Lonsdale's former student Fred Hobson in"Freedom as Moral Agency [Wiathi] in the Context of Colonial Kenya"(M.A. thesis, University of Chicago, 2003).