Regional diversity in the later Russian empire

Transactions of the Royal Historical Society

Volumn 10, Issue , 2000, Pages 143-163

  Saunders, David ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 60949660018     PISSN: 00804401     EISSN: 14740648     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0080440100000074     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. David Saunders, 'The static society: patterns of work in the later Russian Empire', in Reinterpreting Russia, ed. Geoffrey Hosking and Robert Service (1999)
2. Iu. E. Ianson, Sravnitel 'naia statistika Rossii i zapadno-evropeiskikh gosudarstv (2 vols., St Petersburg, 1878-80), I, 3 (British Empire in the 1870s)
3. S.I. Bruk and X'.M. Kabuzan, 'Dinamika chislennosti i rasseleniia russkogo etnosa (1678-1917gg.)', Sovetskaia etnografiia, 4 (1982), 17
4. St Petersburg, Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi istoricheskii arkhiv [hereafter RGIA], fond [hereafter f.] 391
5. A.V. Dulov, Geograficheskaia sreda i istoriia Rossii: konets XV - seredina XIXv. (Moscow, 1983), 12
6. For a list of the provinces and parts of provinces which contained 'black soil' see Ianson Sravnitel'naia statistika, I, 10-12
7. The maps on which this sentence is based are to be found in R.E.F. Smith, Peasant farming in Muscovy (Cambridge University Press, 1977), 220
8. and Simon Franklin and Jonathan Sheppard, The Emergence of Rus 750-1200 (1996), 404-5
9. On the road, see A.A. Beliakov, 'Vedomstvo putei soobshcheniia: Ot Siversa do Kleinmikhelia (1798-1855gg.)', in Sankt-Peterburgskoe nauchnoe obshchestvo istorikov i arkhivistov: Ezhegodnik, ed. L.E. Shepelev et al. (St Petersburg, 1997), 108, 113
10. A.A. Bakhtiarov, Briukho Petaburga: Ochaki stolichnoi zhizni (St Petersburg, 1994, first published in 1887), 155-62
11. James H. Bater, St Petersburg: Industrialization and Change (Montreal, 1976), esp. 313
12. Barbara Alpern Engel, Between the fields and the city: Women, work, and family in Russia, 1861-1314 (Cambridge, 1994), 64-99
13. On Odessa see Patricia Herlihy, Odessa: A History 1734-1314 (Cambridge, Mass., 1986)
14. P.G. Ryndziunskii, Krest'iane i gorod v kapitalisticheskoi Rossii vtoroi poloviny XIX veka (Moscow, 1983), 22-3 and passim
15. Die Nationalitäten des Russischen Reiches in der Volkszählung von 1897, ed. Henning Bauer, Andreas Kappeler, and Brigitte Roth (2 vols., Stuttgart, 1991), II, 35
16. Maureen Perrie, The agrarian policy of the Russian Socialist- Revolutionary Party from its origins through the revolution of 1905-1907 (Cambridge University Press, 1976), xii
17. Seymour Becker, Nobility and Privilege in Late Imperial Russia (DeKalb, Illinois, 1985), endpapers
18. Ansley J. Coale, Barbara Anderson, and Erna Härm, Human Fertility in Russia since the Nineteenth Century (Princeton, 1979), 53
19. V.K. Iatsunskii, 'Izmeneniia v razmeshchenii zemledeliia v evropeiskoi Rossii s kontsa XVIII v. do pervoi mirovoi voiny', in Voprosy istorii sel'skogo khoziaistva, krest'ianstva i revoliutsionnogo dvizheniia v Rossii: Sbornik statei k 75-letiiu akademika Nikolaia Mikhailovicha Druzhinina, ed. V.K. Iatsunskii et al. (Moscow, 1961), 125-7
20. Helena Chojnacka, 'Nuptiality Patterns in an Agrarian Society', Population Studies, 30 (1976), esp. 212-13
21. The specialist literature on Russia's nineteenth-and early twentieth-century annexations is too voluminous to cite, but for studies which cover many of them see Andreas Kappeler, Russland als Vielvölkerreich: Entstehung, Geschichte, Zerfall (Munich, 1992), 87-93, 137-76
22. For a good example of the occasional caution of the central government see David MacKenzie, 'Expansion in Central Asia: St Petersburg vs. the Turkestan Generals (1863-1866)', Canadian Slavic Studies, 3 (1969), 286-311
23. On Tuva see now E.A. Belov, Rossiia i Kitai v nachale XX veka (Moscow, 1997), 181-96
24. A.A. Denikin, Put' russkogo ofitsera (New York, 1953), esp. 17-57
25. Prince Serge Dmitriyevich Urussov, Memoirs of a Russian Governor (1908), 71-2 (on Purishkevich)
26. On these Ukrainians see Zenon Kohut, Russian Centralism and Ukrainian Autonomy: Imperial Absorption of the Hetmanate 1760S-1830S (Cambridge, Mass., 1988)
27. Stephen Velychenko, 'Identities, Loyalties and Service in Imperial Russia: Who Administered the Borderlands?', Russian Review, 54 (1995), 188-208
28. For the possibility that it possessed one even earlier see B.N. Mironov, Vnutrennii rynok Rossii vo vtoroi polovine XVIII - pervoi polovine XIX v. (Leningrad, 1981)
29. Jacob Metzer, 'Railroad Development and Market Integration: The Case of Tsarist Russia', Journal of Economic History, 34 (1974), 529-50
30. See the graph of comparative imperial growth in Rein Taagepera, 'An Overview of the Growth of the Russian Empire', in Russian Colonial Expansion, ed. Rywkin, 5
31. O.V. Moriakova, Sistema mestnogo upravleniia Rossii pri Nikolae I (Moscow, 1998)
32. P.A. Zaionchkovskii, Pravitel'stvennyi apparat samoderzhavnoi Rossii v XIXv. (Moscow, 1978), 221
33. Theodore R. Weeks, 'Defending Our Own: Government and the Russian Minority in the Kingdom of Poland, 1905-1914', Russian Review, 54 (1995), 540
34. 'Sobstvennoruchnoe nastavlenie Ekateriny II kniaziu Viazemskomu pri vstuplenie im v dolzhnost' general-prokurora (1764 goda)', Sbornik imperatorskogo russkogo istoricheskogo obshchestva (148 vols., St Petersburg, 1867-1916), VII, 348
35. The head of the empire's secret police wrote in the same vein at the same time: Dm. Bahalii, 'Novi dzherela pro Kyrylo-Metediivs'ke bratstvo', Nashe mynule, 2 (1918), 178-9
36. Urussov, Memoirs, 137
37. David Saunders, 'Russia's Ukrainian Policy (1847-1905): A Demographic Approach', European History Quarterly, 25 (1995)
38. V.Z. Smirnov, Reforma nachal'noi i srednei shkoly v 60-kh godakh XIX v. (Moscow, 1954), 141-2
39. Wayne Dowler, 'The Politics of Language in Non-Russian Elementary Schools in the Eastern Empire, 1865-1914', Russian Review, 54 (1995), 518 ('Linguistic diversity served as a bulwark against Tatar universalism')
40. David Rich, 'Imperialism, Reform and Strategy: Russian Military Statistics, 1840-1880', Slavonic and East European Review, 74 (1996), 637
41. Theordore R. Weeks, 'National Minorities in the Russian Empire, 1897-1917', in Russia under the Last Tsar: Opposition and Subversion 1834-1317, ed. Anna Geifman (Oxford, 1999), 130 (italics in the original)
42. See, for example, Mironov, Sotsialnaia istoriia, I, 64
43. Stephen Jones, 'The Non-Russian Nationalities', in Society and Politics in the Russian Revolution, ed. Robert Service (1992), 35-63
44. Ronald Grigor Suny, 'Nationalism and class in the Russian revolution: a comparative discussion', in Revolution in Russia: Reassessments of 1317, ed. Edith Rogovin Frankel, Jonathan Frankel, and Baruch Knei-Paz (Cambridge University Press, 1992), 219-46
45. N.S. Andreeva, 'Pribaltiiskie nemtsy i pervaia mirovaia voina', in Problemy sotsial'noekonomicheskoi i politicheskoi istorii Rnssii XIX-XX vekov: Sbornik statei pamiati Valentina Semenovicha Diakina i Iuriia Borisovicha Solov'eva (St Petersburg, 1999), 461-73
46. Terry Martin, 'The Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing', Journal of Modern History, 70 (1998), 818-19 (deportations of Jews and Germans)
47. Oleh Fedyshyn, 'The Germans and the Union for the Liberation of the Ukraine, 1914-1917' in The Ukraine, 1917-1921: A Study in Ravolution, ed. Taras Hunczak (Cambridge, Mass., 1977), 305-22
48. Piotr S. Wandycz, The Lands of Partitioned-Poland, 1735-1918 (Seattle, 1974), 335
49. Kappeler, Russland, 286-7, 294 (Central Asian uprising)
50. Vera Broido, Daughter of Revolution: A Russian girlhood remembered (1998), 51-2, 65, 80
51. For reflections on this term by the palaeontologists who invented it in 1972 see Stephen Jay Gould and Nilcs Eldredge, 'Punctuated equilibrium comes of age', Nature, 366 (1993), 223-7