Hendrick Aupaumut: Christian-Mahican Prophet

Journal of the Early Republic

Volumn 25, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 187-220

  Wheeler, Rachel ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 60949625197     PISSN: 02751275     EISSN: 15530620     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jer.2005.0047     Document Type: Review

References (44)

1. On Mahican history, see Ted J. Brasser, Riding on the Frontier's Crest: Mahican Indian Culture and Cultural Change (Ottawa, 1974);
2. Philip Colee, "The Housa-tonic-Stockbridge Indians, 1734-1749" (Ph.D. diss., SUNY Albany, 1977);
3. Patrick Frazier, The Mohicans of Stockbridge (Lincoln, NE, 1992);
4. Colin G. Calloway, The Revolution in Indian Country: Crisis and Diversity in Native American Communities (Cambridge, MA, 1995);
5. Rachel Wheeler, "Living Upon Hope: Mahi-cans and Missionaries, 1730-1760" (Ph.D. diss., Yale University, 1998);
6. and Shirley Dunn, The Mohican World, 1680-1750 (New York, 2000).
7. On Aupaumut see Jeanne Ronda and James P. Ronda, "'As They Were Faithful': Chief Hendrick Aupaumut and the Struggle for Stockbridge Survival, 1757-1830," American Indian Culture and Research Journal, 33 (1979), 43-55;
8. Alan Taylor, "Captain Hendrick Aupaumut: The Dilemmas of An Intercultural Broker," Ethnohistory, 43 (1996), 431-57;
9. and Hilary Wyss, Writing Indians: Literacy, Christianity and Native Community in Early America (Amherst, MA, 2000), 105-22.
10. Nancy Hagedorn, "'A Friend to Go Between Them': The Interpreter as Cultural Broker during Anglo-Iroquois Councils, 1740-1770," Ethnohistory, 35 (1988), 60-80;
11. Daniel Richter, "Cultural Brokers and Intercultural Politics: New York-Iroquois Relations, 1664-1701," Journal of American History, 75 (1988), 40-67.
12. and John Saillant, Black Puritan, Black Republican: The Life and Thought of Lemuel Haynes, 1753-1833 (New York, 2003).
13. On racialized identities, see Nancy Shoemaker, A Strange Likeness: Becoming Red and White in Eighteenth Century North America (New York, 2004);
14. and Daniel Richter, Facing East from Indian Country: A Native History of Early America (Cambridge, MA, 2001), 189-236.
15. Anthony F. C. Wallace, "Revitalization Movements," American Anthropologist, 58 (1958), 264-81;
16. and Wallace, The Death and Rebirth of the Seneca (New York, 1969).
17. For a revision of Wallace's thesis, see Gregory Evans Dowd, A Spirited Resistance: The North American Indian Struggle for Unity, 1745-1815 (Baltimore, MD, 1992).
18. See also R. David Edmunds, The Shawnee Prophet (Lincoln, NE, 1983).
19. Jace Weaver, That the People Might Live: Native American Literature and Native American Community (New York, 1997), vii-viii.
20. Walls, The Cross-Cultural Process in Christian History: Studies in the Transmission and Appropriation of Faith (Maryknoll, NY, 2002);
21. Lamin Sanneh, Translating the Message: The Missionary Impact on Culture (Maryknoll, NY, 1989)
22. and Samuel Hopkins, Historical Memoirs Relating to the Hou-satonic Indians (Boston, MA, 1753), 89.
23. Copy of a letter from Sachem of Stockbridge Indians to John Hancock, president of the Provincial Congress, April 11, 1775, Massachusetts Archives (MA), Boston, MA, 33: 629.
24. For the request of the Congress, see Frazier, Mohicans of Stockbridge, 195-96.
25. Hopkins, Historical Memoirs, 59-60;
26. See Erich Auerbach, Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature, trans. Willard Trask (1953; rep., Princeton, NJ, 1968), 48.
27. Reginald Horsman, Expansion and American Indian Policy, 1783-1812 (East Lansing, MI, 1967), 99-101;
28. Richter, Facing East, 226.
29. Wiley Sword, President Washington's Indian War: The Struggle for the Old Northwest, 1790-1795 (Norman, OK, 1985);
30. Richard White, Middle Ground: Indians, Empires and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650-1815 (Cambridge, MA, 1991).
31. On intra- and intertribal tensions debates, see White, Middle Ground, especially chapter 10, "Confederacies";
32. and Andrew Cayton, Frontier Indiana (Blooming-ton, IN), especially chapter 6;
33. and Cayton, " 'Noble Actors' upon 'the Theatre of Honour': Power and Civility in the Treaty of Greenville," in Contact Points: American Frontiers from the Mohawk Valley to the Mississippi, 1750-1830, ed. Cayton and Fredricka Teute (Chapel Hill, NC, 1998), 235-69.
34. Aupaumut's Speech at Newtown Point as recorded by Timothy Pickering, June 20, 1791, TPP, 60: 69. According to Secretary of War Henry Knox, the purpose of the treaty was "to conciliate the said Indians [Five Nations], and attach them to the United States; to prevent them listening to, or being combined with, the Western hostile Indians." Secretary of War, Henry Knox to Governor Clinton, August 17, 1791, American State Papers, Indian Affairs, vol. IV (Washington, DC, 1832), 169.
35. Hendrick Aupaumut, "A Short Narration of My Last Journey to the Western Contry," Historical Society of Pennsylvania Memoirs, 2 (1827), 78-91.
36. On the tribal makeup of the communities at the Auglaize, see Helen Hornbeck Tanner, "The Glaize in 1792: A Composite Indian Community," Ethnohistory, 25 (1978), 15-39.
37. Aupaumut, "A Short Narration," 92, 118, 126;
38. see also speech as recorded in John Sergeant diary, Feb. 18, 1793, HGWI. Pickering's speech at Philadelphia can be found at "The Speech of Timothy Pickering, Commissioner, to the Sachems and Chiefs of the Five Nations," Philadelphia, Apr. 30, 1792, American State Papers Indian Affairs, 4: 232-33.
39. For a detailed account of this treaty, see Horsman, "The British Indian Department and the Abortive Treaty of Lower Sandusky, 1793," Ohio Historical Quarterly, 70 (July 1961), 189-213.
40. The Journals of Henry Melchior Muhlenberg (3 vols., Philadelphia, PA, 1942-1958), 1: 168.
41. Loskiel, History of the Mission of the United Brethren among the Indians of North America, Christian Ignatius La Trobe, trans. (London, 1794), part I, 17-18.
42. For a comparative discussion of prophets' visions and their ceremonial prescriptions, including those of Neolin, Handsome Lake, Tenskwatawa, and several others, see Dowd, A Spirited Resistance, 123-31.
43. Aupaumut, "A Short Narration," 128.
44. Aupaumut, "Extract," 468-69.