Military intervention and the ethics of care

Southern Journal of Philosophy

Volumn 46, Issue SUPPL, 2008, Pages 1-20

  Held, Virginia ^a  

^a CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 60949445422     PISSN: 00384283     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-6962.2008.tb00150.x     Document Type: Review

References (55)

1. See especially chapters 7-10 of Virginia Held, The Ethics of Care: Personal, Political, and Global (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006).
2. See, e.g., Held, The Ethics of Care, ch. 10;
3. John Keane, Global Civil Society? (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003);
4. Fiona Robinson, Globalizing Care: Ethics, Feminist Theory, and International Affairs (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1999);
5. Anne-Marie Slaughter, A New World Order (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2004).
6. Sara Ruddick, Maternal Thinking: Toward a Politics of Peace, 2nd ed. (Boston: Beacon Press, 2002).
7. Kimberly Hutchings, "Simone de Beauvoir and the Ambiguous Ethics of Political Violence," Hypatia 22, no. 3 (Summer 2007): 111-32.
8. See Held, The Ethics of Care, especially ch. 10.
9. Louise Richardson, What Terrorists Want: Understanding the Enemy, Containing the Threat (New York: Random House, 2006), 176.
10. Adam Liptak, "Suspected Leader of Attacks on 9/11 Is Said To Confess," New York Times, March 15, 2007, pp. 1 and 23.
11. Richardson, What Terrorists Want, 177.
12. Robert A. Pape, Dying To Win: The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism (New York: Random House, 2005).
13. See Bruce Hoffman, Inside Terrorism (New York: Columbia University Press, 1998);
14. Pape, Dying To Win; Robert Pape, "The Mind of the Terrorist," Science 307 (January 28, 2005): 511.
15. See also Virginia Held, "Terrorism and War," The Journal of Ethics 8 (2004): 59-75.
16. Martha Crenshaw, "The Debate over 'New' vs. 'Old' Terrorism," presentation at American Political Science Association annual meeting, Chicago, September 1, 2007.
17. Tom J. Farer, "The Prospect for International Law and Order in the Wake of Iraq," American Journal of International Law 97 (2003): 621-28.
18. Benjamin R. Barber, Fear's Empire: War, Terrorism, and Democracy (New York: Norton, 2004).
19. E.g., Laura W. Reed and Carl Kaysen, eds., Emerging Norms of Justified Intervention: A Collection of Essays from a Project of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Cambridge, MA: Committee on International Security Studies. American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1993);
20. Stanley Hoffmann, The Ethics and Politics of Humanitarian Intervention (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1996);
21. Simon Chesterman, Just War or Just Peace? Humanitarian Intervention and International Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001);
22. International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, The Responsibility to Protect (Ottawa, ON, Canada: International Development Research Center, 2001);
23. J. L. Holzgrefe and Robert O. Keohane, eds., Humanitarian Intervention: Ethical, Legal, and Political Dilemmas (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003);
24. Deen K. Chatterjee and Don E. Scheid, Ethics and Foreign Intervention (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003).
25. Thomas M. Franck, "The Power of Legitimacy and the Legitimacy of Power: International Law in an Age of Power Disequilibrium," American Journal of International Law 100 (2006): 99.
26. Jane Stromseth, "Rethinking Humanitarian Intervention: Gradations in Sovereignty," in Humanitarian Intervention: Ethical, Legal, and Political Dilemmas, ed. Holzgrefe and Keohane (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003).
27. Franck, "The Power of Legitimacy," 104.
28. Iris Marion Young, "Violence Against Power: Critical Thoughts on Military Intervention," in Ethics and Foreign Intervention, ed. Chatterjee and Scheid (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003).
29. Independent International Commission on Kosovo, The Kosovo Report: Conflict, International Response, Lessons Learned (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2000), 89.
30. Richard W. Miller, "Respectable Oppressors, Hypocritical Liberators: Morality, Intervention, and Reality," in Ethics and Foreign Intervention, ed. Chatterjee and Scheid (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003);
31. see also Michael Blake, "Reciprocity, Stability, and Intervention: The Ethics of Disequilibrium," in the same volume.
32. But see Rex Martin, "Just Wars and Humanitarian Interventions," Journal of Social Philosophy 36, no. 4 (Winter 2005): 439-56.
33. See Virginia Held, Rights and Goods: Justifying Social Action (New York: Free Press, 1984; Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989).
34. John Rawls, The Law of Peoples (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001).
35. John Rawls, A Theory of Justice (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1971).
36. Rawls, The Law of Peoples, 93.
37. Thomas M. Franck, "Interpretation and Change in the Law of Humanitarian Intervention," in Humanitarian Intervention: Ethical, Legal, and Political Dilemmas, ed. Holzgrefe and Keohane (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003).
38. Richard A. Falk, "What Future for the UN Charter System of War Prevention?" American Journal of International Law 97 (2003): 591.
39. See Anne F. Bayefsky, ed., Self-Determination in International Law: Quebec and Lessons Learned (The Hague: Kluwer, 2000);
40. Virginia Held, "Legitimate Authority in Non-State Groups Using Violence," Journal of Social Philosophy" 36, no. 2 (Summer 2005): 175-93.
41. Franck, "Interpretation and Change in the Law of Humanitarian Intervention";
42. Carsten Stahn, "Enforcement of the Collective Will after Iraq," American Journal of International Law 97 (2003): 804-23.
43. For a nuanced and different interpretation of retroactive justification, see Michael Byers and Simon Chesterman, "Changing the Rules About Rules?" in Humanitarian Intervention: Ethical, Legal, and Political Dilemmas, ed. Holzgrefe and Keohane (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003).
44. Thomas M. Franck, "What Happens Now? The United Nations After Iraq," American Journal of International Law 97 (2003): 608.
45. Falk, "What Future for the UN Charter System;" Franck, "The Power of Legitimacy," Stahn, "Enforcement of the Collective Will After Iraq."
46. Franck, "The Power of Legitimacy," 97n.35.
47. See especially Held, Rights and Goods, chs. 4 and 15;
48. Virginia Held, "Violence, Terrorism, and Moral Inquiry," The Monist 67, no. 4 (1984): 605-26,
49. Virginia Held, "Terrorism, Rights, and Political Goals," in Violence, Terrorism, and Justice, ed. R. G. Frey and Christopher W. Morris (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1991).
50. Joan C. Tronto, "Is Peace Keeping Care Work?" forthcoming in Global Concerns: Feminist Ethics and Social Theory, ed. Rebecca Whisnant and Peggy DesAutels (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2007).
51. On a right to be rescued from extreme violence, see Morton E. Winston, "The Right of Rescue," in Policymaking and Democracy: A Multinational Anthology, ed. Stuart Nagel (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2003).
52. On the way efforts at prevention have been marginalized in comparison to military responses, see George Andreopoulos, "Human Rights and Intervention in the Age of Terror," paper presented at the American Political Science Association annual meeting in Chicago, September 1, 2007.
53. Slaughter, A New World Order.
54. Richard A. Falk, The Declining World Order: America's Imperial Geopolitics (New York: Routledge, 2004).
55. Sara Ruddick, Maternal Thinking: Toward a Politics of Peace (Boston: Beacon Press, 1989), 172.