Europe and the deconstruction of the category of »unemployment«

Archiv fur Sozialgeschichte

Volumn 47, Issue , 2007, Pages

  Salais, Robert ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 60949131692     PISSN: 00666505     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (54)

1. Alan Fox, History and Heritage. The Social Origins of the British Industrial Relations System, London 1985, S. XII
2. The theoretical framework of the economics of conventions is well fitted to deal with such issues. It defines convention as a system of mutual expectations backed by common knowledge which allows individuals and actors to coordinate in the economic and social spheres. See Revue économique (Hrsg.), L'économie des conventions, special issue, 40, 2, March 1989
3. André Orléan (Hrsg.), L'analyse économique des conventions, Paris 1994 (2nd edition 2004)
4. Robert Salais, A la recherche des fondements conventionnels des institutions, in: Robert Salais/Elisabeth Chatel/Dorothée Rivaud-Danset (Hrsg.), Institutions et conventions. La réflexivité de l'action économique, Paris 1998, S. 255-291
5. François Eymard-Duvernay (Hrsg.), L'économie des conventions, quinze ans après, Paris 2006
6. Robert Salais, Die »Ökonomie der Konventionen«. Eine Einführung mit Anwendung auf die Arbeitswelt, in: Jens Beckert/Rainer Diaz-Bone/Heiner Ganssmann (Hrsg.), Märkte als soziale Strukturen, Frankfurt/Main 2007, S. 95-112 (forthcoming)
7. Most of the literature on welfare states is concerned with such external and predominantly macroeconomic approach. See, among others, Fritz Scharpf/Viviane Schmidt (Hrsg.), Welfare and Work in the Open Economy, Oxford 2000
8. Among the main references: Public statistics and its tools: Alain Desrosières, Die Politik der großen Zahlen. Eine Geschichte der statistischen Denkweise, Berlin 2005 [German translation of: La politique des grands nombres, Paris 1993]
9. Accounting and audit: Michael Power (Hrsg.), Accounting and Science. Natural Inquiry and Commercial Reason, Cambridge 1994
10. Michael Power, The Audit Society. Rituals of Verification, Oxford 1997
11. Anthony Hopwood/Peter Miller (Hrsg.), Accounting as Social Institutional Practices, Cambridge, 1994. One must not forget that most of them follow from the seminal works in sociology of knowledge of Bruno Latour, Michel Callon, Dominique Pestre and others
12. Desrosières, Die Politik der großen Zahlen, tackles this issue, as do some contributions in: Power, Accounting and Science, or in: Pierre Lascoumes/Patrick Le Galès (Hrsg.), Gouverner par les instruments, Paris 2004
13. G. Phillips/N. Whiteside, Casual Labour. The Unemployment Question in the Port Transport Industry 1880-1970, Oxford 1985
14. Alexander Keyssar, Out of Work. The First Century of Unemployment in Massachusetts, Cambridge/Mass. 1986
15. Robert Salais/Nicolas Baverez/Bénédicte Reynaud, L'invention du chômage, Paris 1999 [first edition 1986]
16. Malcolm Mansfield/Robert Salais/Noel Whiteside (Hrsg.), Aux sources du chômage 1880-1914. Une comparaison interdisciplinaire entre la France et la Grande-Bretagne, Paris 1994
17. Christian Topalov, Naissance du chômeur 1880-1910, Paris 1994
18. Bénédicte Zimmermann, Arbeitslosigkeit in Deutschland. Zur Entstehung einer Sozialen Kategorie, Frankfurt/Main 2006 [German translation of La constitution du chômage en Allemagne. Entre professions et territoires, Paris 2001]
19. Noel Whiteside, Unemployment Revisited in Comparative Perspective, in: International Review of Social History, 2007, 52, H. 1, S. 35-56
20. See Bénédicte Zimmermann, Arbeitslosigkeit in Deutschland, S. 181-185
21. Charles Thompson u. a., La réorganisation des usines, suivant les méthodes Taylor-Thompson. Réorganisation administrative, réorganisation à l'atelier, Paris 1926, S. 30-33
22. David Lewis, Convention, Cambridge/Mass. 1969. See also the works on the economics of convention, quoted in the footnote 3
23. See, for different fields of research, especially on experts and the role of the state: Stefan Fisch/Wilfried Rudloff (Hrsg.), Experten und Politik. Wissenschaftliche Politikberatung in geschichtlicher Perspektive, Berlin 2004
24. Alexander Nützenadel, Stunde der Ökonomen. Wissenschaft, Politik und Expertenkultur in der Bundesrepublik 1949-1974, Göttingen 2005
25. Anja Kruke, Demoskopie in des Bundesrepublik. Meinungsforschung, Politik und Medien 1949-1990, Düsseldorf 2007
26. Sybilla Nikolow, Die Nation als statistisches Kollektiv. Bevölkerungskonstruktionen im Kaiserreich und in der Weimarer Republik, in: Ralph Jessen/Jakob Vogel (Hrsg.), Wissenschaft und Nation in der europäischen Geschichte, Frankfurt/Main 2002, S. 235-259
27. Peter Wagner, Sozialwissenschaften und Staat. Frankreich, Italien und Deutschland 1870-1980, Frankfurt/Main 1990
28. ders. u. a. (Hrsg.), Arbeit und Nationalstaat. Frankreich und Deutschland in europäischer Perspektive, Frankfurt/Main etc. 2000 (in French 1999)
29. European Commission, A Concerted Strategy for Modernising Social Protection COM (1999) 347 final, Brussels 14 July 1999; European Commission, Supporting National Strategies for Fair and Sustainable Pensions through an Integrated Approach COM (2001) 362 final, Brussels 3 July 2001; European Commission, Taking Stock of Five Years of the European Employment Strategy COM (2002) 416 final, Brussels 17 July 2002; European Commission, Joint Employment Report 2004/2005 COM (2005) 13 final, Brussels 2005. For an evaluation of the developments of social Europe, Robert Salais/Robert Villeneuve (Hrsg.), Europe and the Politics of Capabilities, Cambridge 2004
30. Robert Salais, Reforming the European Social Model and the Politics of Indicators. From the Unemployment Rate to the Employment Rate in the European Employment Strategy, in: Maria Jepsen/Amparo Serrano (Hrsg.), Bristol 2006, S. 189-212
31. Robert Salais, On the Correct (and Incorrect) Use of Indicators in Public Action, in: Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal 27, 2006, H. 2 (Winter), S. 237-256
32. Michael Piore, Historical Perspectives and the Interpretation of Unemployment, in: Journal of Economic Literature XXV, December 1987, S. 1834-1850
33. See the White Book on European Governance and the reports of the working groups, for instance: European Commission, Involving Experts in the Process of National Policy Convergence. Report of Group 4a, White Book on European Governance, Brussels June 2001. This also comes from the constitutional asymmetry between policies promoting market efficiencies and those promoting social protection and equality, Fritz Scharpf, The European Social Model: Coping with the Challenges of Diversity, in: Journal of Common Market Studies 40, 4, 2002, S. 645-670
34. European Commission, Involving Experts, S. 11
35. Great pressures are also placed in this manner on law and fundamental standards. See Alain Supiot, Le droit du travail bradé sur le marché des normes, in: Droit social, 12, December 2005, S. 1087-1096
36. See the site of the European Union, URL: 〈http://www.epp.eurostat. ec.europa.eu〉 [26.6.2007]
37. For a survey of the existing research and a study that achieves a delicate balance between the pros and the cons, see Jonathan Zeitlin/Philippe Pochet (Hrsg.), The Open Method of Coordination. The European Employment and Social Inclusion Strategies, Brussels 2005. By contrast, breaking with the dominant trend in political science, Isabelle Bruno focuses her research on benchmarking techniques and the role they play in reorganizing political deliberation and the process of European integration: Isabelle Bruno, Déchiffrer l'Europe compétitive. Étude du benchmarking comme technique de coordination intergouvemementale dans le cadre de la Stratégie de Lisbonne, Thèse, Paris 2006, Institut d'Études Politiques
38. Jack Goody, La raison graphique, Paris 1979
39. for an illuminating presentation see Desrosières, Die Politik der großen Zahlen
40. Alain Desrosières/Laurent Thévenot, Les catégories socio-professionnelles, Paris 1988
41. See the website of the European Union, URL: 〈http://www.epp. eurostat.ec.europa.eu
42. European Commission, Joint Employment Report 2004-2005
43. Janine Leschke/Günther Schmid/Dorit Griga, On the Marriage of Flexibility and Security: Lessons from the Hartz Reforms in Germany, WZB Working Paper, Berlin April 2006
44. See Robert Salais/Gilles Raveaud/Mathieu Grégoire, L'évaluation de l'impact de la Stratégie Européenne pour l'Emploi - Thème 10: Élaboration des politiques, Étude pour la DARES, IDHE, Paris 2002
45. Wim Kok u. a., Jobs, jobs, jobs. Creating More Employment in Europe. Report of the Employment Task Force, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxemburg 2004
46. European Commission, Employment and social policies. A Framework for Investing in Quality COM (2001) 313 final, Brussels 20 June 2001; Lucie Davoine, Are Quantity and Quality of Jobs Correlated? Using, Interpreting and Discussing the Laeken Indicators, Working Paper, 69, Centre d'Études de l'Emploi, Paris April 2006
47. Sabine Rudischhauser/Bénédicte Zimmermann, De la critique à l'expertise. La 〉modernisation〈 de l'action publique: Le cas du chômage en France et en Allemagne, in: Bénédicte Zimmermann (Hrsg.), Les sciences sociales à l'épreuve de l'action. Le savant, le politique et l'Europe, Paris 2004, S. 247-285. These authors focus on the concept of employability and show the different reactions it elicits in France and Germany
48. Employment Committee (EMCO), Indicators Group Report to EMCO on Progress Made in the Field of Indicators to Monitor the Employment Guidelines, 22, Brussels 13 July 2004. More details in: Robert Salais, La politique des indicateurs. Du taux de chômage au taux d'emploi dans Ia stratégie européenne pour l'emploi, in: Zimmermann, Les sciences sociales, S. 287-331; and in: Salais, Reforming the European Social Model
49. Michael Fertig/Jochen Kluve/Markus Scheuer, Aspekte des Entwicklung des Minijobs, Abschlussbericht Rheinisch-Westfälisches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Essen 2004
50. Cited in Leschke/Schmid/Griga, On the Marriage of Flexibility, S. 15-16
51. See in this context Martin Heidenreich/Gabriele Bischoff, The Open Method of Coordination. A Way to the Europeanization of Social and Employment Policies, submitted to: Journal of Common Market Studies
52. These percentages refer to the sector K »Real Estate, Renting [of Machinery and Equipment] and Business Activities«, in the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC-Rev3). Source: International Labour Organisation (ILO), LABORSTA
53. o 363-365, Paris 2005
54. See Charles Rowley (Hrsg.), Social Choice Theory, Cheltenham 1993, for a collection of seminal works