New thinking about the old empire: Post-Soviet reflections

Russian Review

Volumn 60, Issue 4, 2001, Pages 487-496

  Engelstein, Laura ^a  

^a PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 60949118214     PISSN: 00360341     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/0036-0341.00186     Document Type: Article

References (124)

1. Stephen Kotkin, "1991 and the Russian Revolution: Sources, Conceptual Categories, Analytical Frameworks," Journal of Modern History 70 (June 1998): 384-425
2. Reginald E. Zelnik, Labor and Society in Tsarist Russia: The Factory Workers of St. Petersburg, 1855-1870 (Stanford, 1971)
3. Robert Eugene Johnson, Peasant and Proletarian: The Working Class of Moscow in the Late Nineteenth Century (New Brunswick, 1979)
4. Joseph Bradley, Muzhik and Muscovite: Urbanization in Late Imperial Russia (Berkeley, 1985)
5. Jeffrey Burds, Peasant Dreams and Market Politics: Labor Migration and the Russian Village, 1861-1905 (Pittsburgh, 1998)
6. Victoria E. Bonnell, Roots of Rebellion: Workers' Politics and Organizations in St. Petersburg and Moscow, 1900-1914 (Berkeley, 1983)
7. Mark D. Steinberg, Moral Communities: The Culture of Class Relations in the Russian Printing Industry, 1867-1907 (Berkeley, 1992)
8. Reginald E. Zelnik, "'To the Unaccustomed Eye': Religion and Irreligion in the Experience of St. Petersburg Workers in the 1870s," Russian History 16 (Summer-Fall-Winter 1989): 297-326
9. Mark D. Steinberg, "Workers on the Cross: Religious Imagination in the Writings of Russian Workers, 1910-1924," Russian Review 53 (April 1994): 213-39
10. Jeffrey Brooks, When Russia Learned to Read: Literacy and Popular Literature, 1861-1917 (Princeton, 1985)
11. See also Ben Eklof and Stephen Frank, eds., The World of the Russian Peasant: Post-Emancipation Culture and Society (Boston, 1990)
12. Esther Kingston-Mann and Timothy Mixter, eds., Peasant Economy, Culture, and Politics of European Russia, 1800-1921 (Princeton, 1990)
13. and Stephen P. Frank, Crime, Cultural Conflict, and Justice in Rural Russia, 1856-1914 (Berkeley, 1999)
14. On 1905 see Laura Engelstein, Moscow, 1905: Working-Class Organization and Political Conflict (Stanford, 1982)
15. John Bushnell, Mutiny amid Repression: Russian Soldiers in the Revolution of 1905-1906 (Bloomington, 1985)
16. Abraham Ascher, The Revolution of 1905: Russia in Disarray (Stanford, 1988)
17. idem, The Revolution of 1905: Authority Restored (Stanford, 1992)
18. Gerald D. Surh, 1905 in St. Petersburg: Labor, Society, and Revolution (Stanford, 1989)
19. and Charters Wynn, Workers, Strikes, and Pogroms: The Donbass-Dnepr Bend in Late Imperial Russia, 1870-1905 (Princeton, 1992)
20. Daniel Field, Rebels In the Name of the Tsar (Boston, 1976)
21. Joan Neuberger, Hooliganism: Crime, Culture, and Power in St. Petersburg, 1900-1914 (Berkeley, 1993)
22. David L. Ransel, Mothers of Misery: Child Abandonment in Russia (Princeton, 1988)
23. Ben Eklof, Russian Peasant Schools: Officialdom, Village Culture, and Popular Pedagogy, 1861-1914 (Berkeley, 1986)
24. See Stephen P. Frank and Mark D. Steinberg, eds., Cultures in Flux: Lower-Class Values, Practices, and Resistance in Late Imperial Russia (Princeton, 1994)
25. and the papers of an international colloquium held in St. Petersburg in Reginald E. Zelnik, ed., 1995: Workers and Intelligentsia in Late Imperial Russia: Realities, Representations, Reflections (Berkeley, 1999)
26. Cathy A. Frierson, Peasant Icons: Representations of Rural People in Nineteenth-Century Russia (Oxford, 1993)
27. and Yanni Kotsonis, Making Peasants Backward: Agricultural Cooperatives and the Agrarian Question in Russia, 1861-1914 (New York, 1999)
28. Terence Emmons, The Russian Landed Gentry and the Peasant Emancipation of 1861 (London, 1968)
29. S. Frederick Starr, Decentralization and Self-Government in Russia, 1830-1870 (Princeton, 1972)
30. George L. Yaney, The Systematization of Russian Government: Social Evolution in the Domestic Administration of Imperial Russia, 1711-1905 (Urbana, 1973)
31. Daniel T. Orlovsky, The Limits of Reform: The Ministry of Internal Affairs in Imperial Russia, 1802-1881 (Cambridge, MA, 1981)
32. Neil B. Weissman, Reform in Tsarist Russia: The State Bureaucracy and Local Government, 1900-1914 (New Brunswick, 1981)
33. Terence Emmons and Wayne S. Vucinich, eds., The Zemstvo in Russia: An Experiment in Local Self-Government (Cambridge, England, 1982)
34. Francis William Wcislo, Reforming Rural Russia: State, Local Society, and National Politics, 1855-1914 (Princeton, 1990)
35. On the bourgeoisie see Thomas C. Owen, Capitalism and Politics in Russia: A Social History of the Moscow Merchants, 1855-1905 (Cambridge, England, 1981)
36. Alfred J. Rieber, Merchants and Entrepreneurs in Imperial Russia (Chapel Hill, 1982)
37. Jo Ann Ruckman, The Moscow Business Elite: A Social and Cultural Portrait of Two Generations, 1840-1905 (DeKalb, IL, 1984)
38. and James L. West and Iurii A. Petrov, eds., Merchant Moscow: Images of Russia's Vanished Bourgeoisie (Princeton, 1998)
39. On the roots of the public sphere see Gary Marker, Publishing, Printing, and the Origins of Intellectual Life in Russia, 1700-1800 (Princeton, 1985)
40. On professionals and the public see Nancy Mandelker Frieden, Russian Physicians in an Era of Reform and Revolution, 1856-1905 (Princeton, 1981)
41. John F. Hutchinson, Politics and Public Health in Revolutionary Russia, 1890-1918 (Baltimore, 1990)
42. Louise McReynolds, The News Under Russia's Old Regime (Princeton, 1991)
43. Edith Clowes, Samuel Kassow, and James West, eds., Between Tsar and People (Princeton, 1991)
44. and Harley D. Balzer, ed., Russia's Missing Middle Class: The Professions in Russian History (Armonk, NY, 1996)
45. Richard Stites, The Women's Liberation Movement in Russia: Feminism, Nihilism, and Bolshevism, 1860-1930 (Princeton, 1978)
46. Barbara Alpern Engel, Mothers and Daughters: Women of the Intelligentsia in Nineteenth-Century Russia (Cambridge, England, 1983)
47. Linda Harriet Edmondson, Feminism in Russia, 1900-1917 (Stanford, 1984)
48. Christine D. Worobec, Peasant Russia: Family and Community in the Post-Emancipation World (Princeton, 1991)
49. Beatrice Farnsworth and Lynne Viola, eds., Russian Peasant Women (Oxford, 1992)
50. Barbara Alpern Engel, Between the Fields and the City: Women, Work, and Family in Russia, 1861-1914 (Cambridge, England, 1994)
51. Laurie Bernstein, Sonia's Daughters: Prostitutes and Their Regulation in Imperial Russia (Berkeley, 1995)
52. See also Laura Engelstein, Keys to Happiness: Sex and the Search for Modernity in Fin-de-Siècle Russia (Ithaca, 1992)
53. The pioneers: Richard S. Wortman, The Development of a Russian Legal Consciousness (Chicago, 1976)
54. Marc Raeff, The Well-Ordered Police State: Social and Institutional Change through Law in the Germantes and Russia, 1600-1800 (New Haven, 1983)
55. and Andrzej Walicki, Legal Philosophies of Russian Liberalism (Oxford, 1987)
56. Followed by three essential works: Olga Crisp and Linda Edmondson, eds., Civil Rights in Imperial Russia (Oxford, 1989)
57. William G. Wagner, Marriage, Property, and Law in Late Imperial Russia (Oxford, 1994)
58. and Jörg Baberowski, Autokratie und Justiz: Zum Verhältnis von Rechtsstaatlichkeit und Rückstandigkeit im ausgehenden Zaren reich 1864-1914 (Frankfurt, 1996)
59. On related issues see Bruce F. Adams, The Politics of Punishment: Prison Reform in Russia, 1863-1917 (DeKalb, IL,, 1996)
60. and Frank, Crime, Cultural Conflict, and Justice
61. See also W. Bruce Lincoln, In the Vanguard of Reform: Russia's Enlightened Bureaucrats 1825-1861 (DeKalb, IL, 1982)
62. and Ben Eklof, John Bushnell, and Larissa Zakharova, eds., Russia's Great Reforms, 1855-1881 (Bloomington, 1994)
63. Richard Wortman, Scenarios of Power: Myth and Ceremony in Russian Monarchy, 2 vols. (Princeton, 1995, 2000)
64. Scott J. Seregny, Russian Teachers and Peasant Revolution: The Politics of Education in 1905 (Bloomington, 1989)
65. Samuel D. Kassow, Students, Professors, and the State in Tsarist Russia (Berkeley, 1989)
66. Reginald E. Zelnik, ed. and trans., A Radical Worker in Tsarist Russia: The Autobiography of Semen Kanatchikov (Stanford, 1986)
67. For the recent tendency to see political affiliation as a form of religion see the rereading of Kanatchikov, which marks the historiographical distance covered since Zelnik's first article on the subject in 1976: Richard L. Hernandez, "The Confessions of Semen Kanatchikov: A Bolshevik Memoir as Spiritual Autobiography," Russian Review 60 (January 2001): 13-35
68. For his major contributions see Gregory L. Freeze, The Russian Levites: Parish Clergy in the Eighteenth Century (Cambridge, MA, 1977)
69. idem, The Parish Clergy in Nineteenth-Century Russia: Crisis, Reform, Counter-Reform (Princeton, 1983)
70. and, more recently, idem, "Bringing Order to the Russian Family: Marriage and Divorce in Imperial Russia, 1760-1860," Journal of Modern History 62 (December 1990): 709-46
71. Adele Lindenmeyr, Poverty is Not a Vice: Charity, Society and the State in Imperial Russia (Princeton, 1996)
72. Brenda Meehan, Holy Women of Russia: The Lives of Five Orthodox Women Offer Spiritual Guidance for Today (San Francisco, 1993)
73. Stephen K. Batalden, ed., Seeking God: The Recovery of Religious Identity in Orthodox Russia, Ukraine, and Georgia (DeKalb, IL, 1993)
74. Vera Shevzov, "Chapels and the Ecclesial World of Prerevolutionary Russian Peasants," Slavic Review 55 (Fall 1996): 585-613
75. idem, "Miracle-Working Icons, Laity, and Authority in the Russian Orthodox Church, 1861-1917," Russian Review 58 (January 1999): 26-48
76. Chris J. Chulos, "Myths of the Pious or Pagan Peasant in Post-Emancipation Central Russia (Voronezh Province)," Russian History 22 (Summer 1995): 181-216
77. Nadieszda Kizenko, A Prodigal Saint: Father John of Kronstadt and the Russian People (University Park, PA, 2000)
78. On the sectarians see Roy R. Robson, Old Believers in Modern Russia (DeKalb, IL, 1995)
79. and Laura Engelstein, Castration and the Heavenly Kingdom: A Russian Folktale (Ithaca, 1999)
80. Michael Stanislawski, Tsar Nicholas I and the Jews: The Transformation of Jewish Society in Russia, 1825-1855 (Philadelphia, 1983)
81. Adeeb Khalid, The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform: Jadidism in Central Asia (Berkeley, 1998)
82. Gregory L. Freeze, "Subversive Piety: Religion and the Political Crisis in Late Imperial Russia," Journal of Modern History 68 (June 1996): 308-50
83. David MacLaren McDonald, United Government and Foreign Policy in Russia, 1900-1914 (Cambridge, MA, 1992)
84. Bruce W. Menning, Bayonets before Bullets: The Imperial Russian Army, 1861-1914 (Bloomington, 1992)
85. David Alan Rich, The Tsar's Colonels: Professionalism, Strategy, and Subversion in Late Imperial Russia (Cambridge, MA, 1998)
86. Andreas Kappeler, Russland als Vielvölkerreich: Entstehung, Geschichte, Zerfall (Munich, 1992)
87. Edward W. Said, Orientalism (New York, 1978)
88. Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (London, 1983)
89. See Yuri Slezkine, Arctic Mirrors: Russia and the Small Peoples of the North (Ithaca, 1994)
90. and Mark Bassin, Imperial Visions: Nationalist Imagination and Geographical Expansion in the Russian Far East, 1840-1865 (Cambridge, England, 1999)
91. See the recent essay collections, Daniel R. Brower and Edward J. Lazzerini, eds., Russia's Orient: Imperial Borderlands and Peoples, 1700-1917 (Bloomington, 1997)
92. B. Gasparov et al., eds., Kazan', Moskva, Peterburg: Rossiiskaia imperiia vzgliadom iz raznykh uglov (Moscow, 1997)
93. Jane Burbank and David L. Ransel, eds., Imperial Russia: New Histories for the Empire (Bloomington, 1998)
94. and Michael Khodarkovsky and Robert Geraci, eds., Of Religion and Empire: Missions, Conversion, and Tolerance in Russia (Ithaca, 2001)
95. Adeeb Khalid, Nathaniel Knight, and Maria Todorova, "Ex Tempore: Orientalism and Russia," Kritika 1 (Fall 2000): 691-727
96. The work on this period tends to discuss parties and institutions. See Geoffrey A. Hosking, The Russian Constitutional Experiment: Government and Duma, 1907-1914 (Cambridge, England, 1973)
97. Leopold H. Haimson, ed., The Politics of Rural Russia, 1905-1914 (Bloomington, 1979)
98. Roberta Thompson Manning, The Crisis of the Old Order in Russia: Gentry and Government (Princeton, 1981)
99. Terence Emmons, The Formation of Political Parties and the First National Elections in Russia (Cambridge, MA, 1983)
100. Dittmar Dahlmann, Die Provinz Wählt: Russlands Konstitutionell- Demokratische Partei und die Dumawahlen, 1906-1912 (Cologne, 1996)
101. Anna Geifman, ed., Russia Under the Last Tsar: Opposition and Subversion, 1894-1917 (Oxford, 1999)
102. and Manfred Hildermeier, The Russian Socialist Revolutionary Party Before the First World War (New York, 2000)
103. On these issues, it is impossible not to mention the latest work of St. Petersburg historians A. Ia. Avrekh, P. A. Stolypin i sud'by reform v Rossii (Moscow, 1991)
104. R. Sh. Ganelin, Rossiiskoe samoderzhavie v 1905 godu: Reformy i revoliutsiia (St. Petersburg, 1991)
105. and B. V. Anan'ich and R. Sh. Ganelin, Sergei Iul'evich Vitte i ego vremia (St. Petersburg, 1999)
106. Leopold Haimson, "The Problem of Social Stability in Urban Russia, 1905-1917," Slavic Review 23 (Winter 1964): 619-42, and 24 (Spring 1965): 1-56
107. Cf. idem, "'The Problem of Political and Social Stability in Urban Russia on the Eve of War and Revolution' Revisited," Slavic Review 59 (Winter 2000): 848-75
108. Allan K. Wildman, The End of the Russian Imperial Army, 2 vols. (Princeton, 1980, 1987)
109. Lewis H. Siegelbaum, The Politics of Industrial Mobilization in Russia, 1914-17: A Study of the War-Industries Committees (New York, 1983)
110. Peter Gatrell, A Whole Empire Walking: Refugees in Russia during World War I (Bloomington, 1999)
111. See also Eric Lohr, "The Russian Army and the Jews: Mass Deportation, Hostages, and Violence during World War I," Russian Review 60 (July 2001): 404-19
112. Recently: Hubertus F. Jahn, Patriotic Culture in Russia during World War I (Ithaca, 1995)
113. Rossiia i pervaia mirovaia voina (Materialy mezhdunarodnogo nauchnogo kollokviuma) (St. Petersburg, 1999)
114. and Josh Sanborn, "The Mobilization of 1914 and the Question of the Russian Nation: A Reexamination," Slavic Review 59 (Summer 2000): 267-89
115. See also Alessandro Stanziani, L'économie en révolution: Le cas russe, 1870-1930 (Paris, 1998)
116. Peter Holquist, "What's so Revolutionary About the Russian Revolution? State Practices and the New-Style Politics, 1913-21," in Russian Modernity: Politics, Knowledge, Practices, ed. David L. Hoffmann and Yanni Kotsonis (New York, 2000), 87-111
117. and Peter Holquist, "Society Versus the State, Society Wielding the State: Educated Society and State Power in Russia, 1914-1921" (unpublished manuscript, 2001, courtesy of the author)
118. Boris Kolonitskii, "Antibourgeois Propaganda and Anti-'Burzhui' Consciousness in 1917," Russian Review 53 (April 1994): 183-96
119. idem, "'Democracy' in the Political Consciousness of the February Revolution," Slavic Review 57 (Spring 1998): 95-106
120. Adam Ulam, The Unfinished Revolution: An Essay on the Sources of Influence of Marxism and Communism (New York, 1960)
121. Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, ed., The Occult in Russian and Soviet Culture (Ithaca, 1997)
122. See also Maria Carlson, "No Religion Higher Than Truth": The History of the Theosophical Movement in Russia, 1875-1922 (Princeton, 1993)
123. For example, Hoffmann and Kotsonis, Russian Modernity
124. Such interpretations recall elements of "modernization theory." See C. E. Black, The Dynamics of Modernization: A Study in Comparative History (New York, 1966)