Short-term and long-term effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the incidence of herpes zoster in HIV-infected children

Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Volumn 50, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 182-191

  Levin, Myron J ^a,d   Anderson, Jeffrey P ^b,c   Seage III, George R ^b,c   Williams, Paige L ^b,c  

^a Children's Hospital Colorado   (United States)

^b CENTER FOR BIOSTATISTICS IN AIDS RESEARCH   (United States)

^c HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

Antiretroviral therapy; Herpes zoster; Immune reconstitution; Pediatric HIV

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT;

ARTICLE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CHILD; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; GROUPS BY AGE; HERPES ZOSTER; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTED PATIENT; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INCIDENCE; INFECTION RISK; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PERINATAL INFECTION; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECURRENT INFECTION; SCHOOL CHILD; SURVIVAL; IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME; IMMUNOLOGY; INFANT; NEWBORN; PHYSIOLOGY; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; RISK FACTOR; TIME; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VARICELLA ZOSTER VIRUS; VIROLOGY;

ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; HERPES ZOSTER; HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME; INCIDENCE; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MALE; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; RISK FACTORS; TIME FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 60749126993     PISSN: 15254135     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31819550a4     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Dworkin RH, Johnson RW, Breuer J, et al. Recommendations for the management of herpes zoster. J Infect Dis. 2006;44:S1-S26.
2. Colebunders R, Mann JM, Francis HN, et al. Herpes zoster in African patients: a clinical predictor of human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis. 1988;157:314-318.
3. Jura E, Chadwick EG, Josephs SH, et al. Varicella-zoster virus infections in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1989;8:586-590.
4. Dankner WM, Lindsey J, Levin MJ, and the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol Teams 051, 128, 138, 144, 152, 179, 190, 220, 240, 245, 254, 300, and 327. Correlates of opportunistic Infections in HIV-infected children during the pre-HAART era. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2001;20:40-48.
5. Gona P, van Dyke R, Williams PL, et al. Incidence of opportunistic and other infections in HIV-infected children in the HAART era, JAMA. 2006;296:292-300.
6. von Seidlin L, Gillette SG, Bryson Y, et al. Frequent recurrence and persistence of varicella-zoster virus infections in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Pediatr. 1996;128:52-57.
7. Wood SM, Shah SS, Steinhof AP, et al. Primary varicella and herpes zoster among HIV-infected children from 1989 to 2006. Pediatrics. 2007;121:e150-e156.
8. Ylitalo N, Brogly S, Hughes MD, et al. Risk factors for opportunistic illnesses in children with human immunodeficiency virus in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Arc Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006;160:778-787.
9. Derryck A, LaRussa P, Steinberg S, et al. Varicella and zoster in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1998;17:931-933.
10. Weinberg A, Dickover R, Britto P, et al, and the PACTG 1021 Team. Continuous improvement in the immune system of HIV-infected children on prolonged antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2008;22:2267-2277.
11. Weinberg A, Pahwa S, Oyomopito R, et al. Antimicrobial-specific cell-mediated immune reconstitution in children with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39:107-114.
12. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Varicella Working Group. Prevention of varicella. Recommendations of the Advisory committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2007;56:1-38.
13. Levin MJ, Gershon AA, Weinberg A, et al, and the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group 265 Team. Administration of live varicella vaccine to HIV-infected children with current or prior significant depression of CD4+ T-Cells. J Infect Dis. 2006;194:247-255.
14. Seward JF, Watson BM, Peterson CL, et al. Varicella disease after introduction of varicella vaccine in the United States, 1995-2000. JAMA. 2002;287:606-611.
15. Mullooly JP, Maher JE, Drew L, et al. Evaluation of the impact of an HMO's varicella vaccination program on incidence of varicella. Vaccine. 2004;22:1480-1485.
16. Martinez E, Gatell J, Yolanda M, et al. High incidence of herpes zoster in patients with AIDS soon after therapy with protease inhibitors. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:1510-1513.
17. Domingo P, Torres OH, Ris J, et al. Herpes zoster as an immune reconstitution disease after initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection. Am J Med. 2001;110:605-609.
18. Ratnam I, Chiu C, Kandala N-B, et al. Incidence and risk factors for immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in an ethnically diverse HIV type 1-infected cohort. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42:418-427.
19. Tangsinmankong N, Kamchaisatian W, Lujan-Zilbermann J, et al. Varicella zoster as a manifestation of immune restoration disease in HIV-infected children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;113:742-746.
20. Gortmaker SL, Hughes M, Cervia J, et al, for the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 219 Team. Effect of combination therapy including protease inhibitors on mortality among children and adolescents infected with HIV. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:1522-1528.
21. Soh CH, Oleske JM, Brady MT, et al, for the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Long-term effects of combination therapy including protease inhibitors on CD4 T cell recovery in HIV-1 infected children and adolescents. Lancet. 2003;362:2045-2051.
22. Levin MJ. Zoster vaccine. In: Plotkin SA, Orenstein WA, Offitt PA, eds. Vaccines. 5th ed. Saunders; 2008:1057-1068.
23. Levin MJ, Oxman MN, Zhang JH, et al. VZV-specific Immune responses in elderly recipients of a herpes zoster vaccine. J Infect Dis. 2008;197:825-835.
24. Levin MJ, Gershon AA, Weinberg A, et al. Immunization of HIV-infected children with varicella vaccine. J Pediatr. 2001;139:305-310.
25. Abzug MJ, Pelton SI, Song L-Y, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of and predictors of response to a pneumococcal conjugate and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine series in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006;25:920-929.
26. Gershon AA, Mervish N, LaRussa P, et al. Varicella-zoster virus infection in children with underlying human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis. 1997;176:1496-1500.
27. Baba K, Yabuuchi H, Takahashi M, et al. Increased incidence of herpes zoster in normal children infected with varicella zoster virus during infancy: community-based follow-up study. J Pediatr. 1986;108:372-377.
28. Terada K, Kawano S, Yoshiro K, et al. Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation is related to the low response of VZV-specific immunity after chickenpox in infancy. J Infect Dis. 1994;169:650-652.
29. Lipman M, Breen R. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2006;19:2-25.
30. Schmader K, George LK, Burchett BM, et al. Racial differences in the occurrence of herpes zoster. J Infect Dis. 1995;171:701-704.
31. Schmader K. George LK. Burchett BM, et al. Race and stress in the incidence of herpes zoster in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1998;46:973-977.
32. Thomas SL, Hall AJ. What does epidemiology tell us about risk factors for herpes zoster? Lancet Infect Dis. 2004;4:26-33.
33. Guess HA, Broughton DD, Melton LJ III, et al. Epidemiology of herpes zoster in children and adolescents: a population-based study. Pediatrics. 1985;76:512-517.
34. Donahue JG, Choo PW, Manson JE, e al. The incidence of herpes zoster. Arch Intern Med. 1995;155:1605-1609.
35. Weinberg A, Wiznia A, LaFleur B, et al. Varicella-zoster virus-specific cell-mediated immunity in HIV-infected children on HAART. J Infect Dis. 2004;190:267-270.
36. Oxman MN, Levin MJ, Johnson GR, et al. A vaccine to prevent herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:2271-2284.