Continuous improvement in the immune system of HIV-infected children on prolonged antiretroviral therapy

AIDS

Volumn 22, Issue 17, 2008, Pages 2267-2277

  Weinberg, Adriana ^a,i   Dickover, Ruth ^b   Britto, Paula ^c   Hu, Chengcheng ^c   Patterson Bartlett, Julie ^a   Kraimer, Joyce ^d   Gutzman, Howard ^e   Shearer, William T ^f   Rathore, Mobeen ^g   McKinney, Ross ^h   Knapp, Katherine ^j   Utech, Jill ^j   Jones, Sandra ^j   McCauley, James ^k   Haak, Maureen ^k   Viani, Rolando ^l   Darcey, Anita ^l   Mathison, Carole ^m   Choi, Yong I I ^m   Hurwitz, Jean ^m   Simonetti, Juliana ^m   Frere, Maxine ⁿ   Champion, Susan ⁿ   Weiner, Leonard B ^o   Contello, Kathie A ^o   Holz, Wendy ^o   Famiglietti, Maureen ^o   Scott, Gwendolyn B ^p   Mitchell, Charles D ^p   Taybo, Liset ^p   Willumsen, Sylvia ^p   Mirza, Ayesha ^q   Alvarez, Ana ^q   Mahmoudi, Saniyyah ^q   Thoma, Kathy ^q   Abzug, Mark ^r   Barr, Emily ^r   Paul, Suzanne ^r   Burchett, Sandra ^s   Kneut, Catherine ^s   Calles, Nancy ^f   Jackson, Chivon ^f   Paul, Mary E ^f   Wara, Diane W ^t   Trevithick, Deborah ^t   Deygoo, Nagamah ^u   Borkowsky, William ^u   Chandwani, Sulachni ^u   Akleh, Siham ^u   Jiménez, Eleanor ^v   Acevedo, Midnela ^v   Burgos, Isis Moraima ^v   Fábregas, Lizbeth ^v   Febo Rodriguez, Irma L ^w   Santos Otero, Ruth E ^w   Cruz, Maritza ^w   Lugo, Lisette ^w   Luzuriaga, Katherine ^x   more..

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^d SOCIAL AND SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMS INC   (United States)

^e FRONTIER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH FOUNDATION   (United States)

^f TEXAS CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^h DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

ⁱ Campus Box C227 ^*  (United States)

^j ST JUDE CHILDREN S RESEARCH HOSPITAL   (United States)

^k CHILDREN'S MEMORIAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^l UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^m DUKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

ⁿ Harlem Hospital

^o SUNY UPSTATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^p UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI   (United States)

^q UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

^r UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^s BOSTON CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^t UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^u NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^v San Juan City Hospital   (Puerto Rico)

^w UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO   (Puerto Rico)

^x UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

Candida; Cell mediated immunity; Children; Highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV; T cell rearrangement excision circle; T cell subpopulations

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; T LYMPHOCYTE RECEPTOR; VIRUS RNA;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CANDIDA; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CD8+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSPOT ASSAY; FEMALE; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1 INFECTION; IMMUNOPHENOTYPING; MALE; MEMORY T LYMPHOCYTE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REAL TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; T LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATION; TREATMENT DURATION; VIRUS LOAD;

ADOLESCENT; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CD4-CD8 RATIO; CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES; CD8-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; GENE REARRANGEMENT, T-LYMPHOCYTE; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV-1; HUMANS; IMMUNE SYSTEM; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; THYMUS GLAND; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VIRAL LOAD; VIRUS REPLICATION; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 56549103350     PISSN: 02699370     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283189bb3     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Cortmaker SL, Hughes M, Cervia J, Brady M, Johnson GM, Seage GR 3rd, et al. Effect of combination therapy including protease inhibitors on mortality among children and adolescents infected with HIV-1. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:1522-1528.
2. Nesheim SR, Kapogiannis BG, Soe MM, Sullivan KM, Abrams E, Farley J, et al. Trends in opportunistic infections in the pre and posthighly active antiretroviral therapy eras among HIV-infected children in the Perinatal AIDS Collaborative Transmission Study, 1986-2004. Pediatrics 2007; 120:100-109.
3. Department of Health and Human Services. Guidelines use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-infected adults and adolescents. In: http://www.aidsinfo.nih.gov/; 2006:1-113.
4. Working Group on Antiretroviral Therapy and Medical Management of HIV-infected Children. Aa. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in pediatric HIV infection. In: http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/ContentFiles/ PediatricGuidelines.pdf; 2006: 1-126.
5. Dunn D. Short-term risk of disease progression in HIV-1-infected children receiving no antiretroviral therapy or zidovudine monotherapy: a meta-analysis. Lancet 2003; 362:1605-1611.
6. Douek DC, Betts MR, Hill BJ, Little SJ, Lempicki R, Metcalf JA, et al. Evidence for increased T cell turnover and decreased thymic output in HIV infection. J Immunol 2001; 167:6663-6668.
7. Diaz M, Douek DC, Valdez H, Hill BJ, Peterson D, Sanne I, et al. T cells containing T cell receptor excision circles are inversely related to HIV replication and are selectively and rapidly released into circulation with antiretroviral treatment. AIDS 2003; 17:1145-1149.
8. Chavan S, Bennuri B, Kharbanda M, Chandrasekaran A, Bakshi S, Pahwa S. Evaluation of T cell receptor gene rearrangement excision circles after antiretroviral therapy in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus. J Infect Dis 2001; 183:1445-1454.
9. De Rossi A, Walker AS, Klein N, De Forni D, King D, Gibb DM. Increased thymic output after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children in the Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) 5 Trial. J Infect Dis 2002; 186:312-320.
10. Finzi D, Plaeger SF, Dieffenbach CW. Defective virus drives human immunodeficiency virus infection, persistence, and pathogenesis. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2006; 13:715-721.
11. Kourtis AP, Bansil P, Posner SF, Johnson C, Jamieson DJ. Trends in hospitalizations of HIV-infected children and adolescents in the United States: analysis of data from the 1994-2003 nationwide inpatient sample. Pediatrics 2007; 120:e236-e243.
12. Weinberg A, Pahwa S, Oyomopito R, Carey VJ, Zimmer B, Mofenson L, et al. Antimicrobial-specific cell-mediated immune reconstitution in children with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39:107-114.
13. Palella FJ Jr, Delaney KM, Moorman AC, Loveless MO, Fuhrer J, Satten GA, et al. Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 1998; 338:853-860.
14. Weinberg A, Pott GB. Immunity to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in children with chronic HIV infection receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2003; 10:821-825.
15. Chougnet C, Jankelevich S, Fowke K, Liewehr D, Steinberg SM, Mueller BU, et al. Long-term protease inhibitor-containing therapy results in limited improvement in T cell function but not restoration of interleukin-12 production in pediatric patients with AIDS. J Infect Dis 2001; 184:201-205.
16. McMichael AJ, Rowland-Jones SL. Cellular immune responses to HIV. Nature 2001; 410:980-987.
17. Alexander L, Cuchura L, Simpson BJ, Andiman WA. Virologic and host characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected pediatric long term survivors. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006; 25:135-141.
18. Pontesilli O, Klein MR, Kerkhof-Garde SR, Pakker NG, de Wolf F, Schuitemaker H, Miedema F. Longitudinal analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses: a predominant gag-specific response is associated with nonprogressive infection. J Infect Dis 1998; 178:1008-1018.
19. Frater AJ, Brown H, Oxenius A, Gunthard HF, Hirschel B, Robinson N, et al. Effective T-cell responses select human immunodeficiency virus mutants and slow disease progression. J Virol 2007; 81:6742-6751.
20. Cao Y, Qin L, Zhang L, Safrit J, Ho DD. Virologic and immunologic characterization of long-term survivors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. N Engl J Med 1995; 332:201-208.
21. Matano T, Shibata R, Siemon C, Connors M, Lane HC, Martin MA. Administration of an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody interferes with the clearance of chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency virus during primary infections of rhesus macaques. J Virol 1998; 72:164-169.
22. Sacha JB, Chung C, Rakasz EG, Spencer SP, Jonas AK, Bean AT, et al. Gag-specific CD84+ T lymphocytes recognize infected cells before AIDS-virus integration and viral protein expression. J Immunol 2007; 178:2746-2754.
23. Saez-Cirion A, Lacabaratz C, Lambotte O, Versmisse P, Urrutia A, Boufassa F, et al. HIV controllers exhibit potent CD8 T cell capacity to suppress HIV infection ex vivo and peculiar cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation phenotype. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007; 104:6776-6781.
24. Schmitz JE, Kuroda MJ, Santra S, Sasseville VG, Simon MA, Lifton MA, et al. Control of viremia in simian immunodeficiency virus infection by CD8-H lymphocytes. Science 1999; 283:857-860.
25. Greenough TC, Brettler DB, Kirchhoff F, Alexander L, Desrosiers RC, O'Brien SJ, et al. Long-term nonprogressive infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in a hemophilia cohort. J Infect Dis 1999; 180:1790-1802.
26. Martinez V, Costagliola D, Bonduelle O, N'go N, Schnuriger A, Theodorou I, et al. Combination of HIV-1-specific CD4 Th1 cell responses and IgG2 antibodies is the best predictor for persistence of long-term nonprogression. J Infect Dis 2005; 191:2053-2063.
27. Goujard C, Bonarek M, Meyer L, Bonnet F, Chaix ML, Deveau C, et al. CD4 cell count and HIV DNA level are independent predictors of disease progression after primary HIV type 1 infection in untreated patients. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42:709-715.
28. McKinney RE Jr, Rodman J, Hu C, Britto P, Hughes M, Smith ME, et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of a once-daily regimen of emtricitabine, didanosine, and efavirenz in HIV-infected, therapy-naive children and adolescents: Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol P1021. Pediatrics 2007; 120:e416-e423.
29. Rossio JL, Esser MT, Suryanarayana K, Schneider DK, Bess JW Jr, Vasquez GM, et al. Inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infectivity with preservation of conformational and functional integrity of virion surface proteins. J Virol 1998; 72:7992-8001.
30. Shearer WT, Rosenblatt HM, Gelman RS, Oyomopito R, Plaeger S, Stiehm ER, et al. Lymphocyte subsets in healthy children from birth through 18 years of age: the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group P1009 study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 112:973-980.
31. Borkowsky W, Stanley K, Douglas SD, Lee S, Wiznia A, Pelton S, et al. Immunologic response to combination nucleoside analogue plus protease inhibitor therapy in stable antiretroviral therapy-experienced human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. J Infect Dis 2000; 182:96-103.
32. Resino S, Galan I, Perez A, Leon JA, Seoane E, Gurbindo D, Munoz-Fernandez MA. HIV-infected children with moderate/severe immune-suppression: changes in the immune system after highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Exp Immunol 2004; 137:570-577.
33. Rosenblatt HM, Stanley KE, Song LY, Johnson GM, Wiznia AA, Nachman SA, Krogstad PA. Immunological response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in children with clinically stable HIV-1 infection. J Infect Dis 2005; 192:445-455.
34. Landay A, da Silva BA, King MS, Albrecht M, Benson C, Eron J, et al. Evidence of ongoing immune reconstitution in subjects with sustained viral suppression following 6 years of lopinavir-ritonavir treatment. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44:749-754.
35. Mocroft A, Phillips AN, Gatell J, Ledergerber B, Fisher M, Clumeck N, et al. Normalisation of CD4 counts in patients with HIV-1 infection and maximum virological suppression who are taking combination antiretroviral therapy: an observational cohort study. Lancet 2007; 370:407-413.
36. Moore RD, Keruly JC. CD4+ cell count 6 years after commencement of highly active antiretroviral therapy in persons with sustained virologic suppression. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44:441-446.
37. Valdez H, Connick E, Smith KY, Lederman MM, Bosch RJ, Kim RS, et al. Limited immune restoration after 3 years' suppression of HIV-1 replication in patients with moderately advanced disease. AIDS 2002; 16:1859-1866.
38. Goicoechea M, Smith DM, Liu L, May S, Tenorio AR, Ignacio CC, et al. Determinants of CD4+ T cell recovery during suppressive antiretroviral therapy: association of immune activation, T cell maturation markers, and cellular HIV-1 DNA. J Infect Dis 2006; 194:29-37.
39. Maldarelli F, Palmer S, King MS, Wiegand A, Polis MA, Mican J, et al. ART suppresses plasma HIV-1 RNA to a stable set point predicted by pretherapy viremia. PLoS Pathog 2007; 3:e46.
40. Hazenberg MD, Otto SA, Cohen Stuart JW, Verschuren MC, Borleffs JC, Boucher CA, et al. Increased cell division but not thymic dysfunction rapidly affects the T-cell receptor excision circle content of the naive T cell population in HIV-1 infection. Nat Med 2000; 6:1036-1042.
41. Bhandoola A, Sambandam A. From stem cell to T cell: one route or many? Nat Rev Immunol 2006; 6:117-126.
42. Connick E, Lederman MM, Kotzin BL, Spritzler J, Kuritzkes DR, St Clair M, et al. Immune reconstitution in the first year of potent antiretroviral therapy and its relationship to virologic response. J Infect Dis 2000; 181:358-363.
43. Havlir DV, Schrier RD, Torriani FJ, Chervenak K, Hwang JY, Boom WH. Effect of potent antiretroviral therapy on immune responses to Mycobacterium avium in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects. J Infect Dis 2000; 182:1658-1663.
44. Jansen CA, De Cuyper IM, Steingrover R, Jurriaans S, Sankatsing SU, Prins JM, et al. Analysis of the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy during acute HIV-1 infection on HIV-specific CD4 T cell functions. AIDS 2005; 19:1145-1154.
45. Sester U, Sester M, Kohler H, Pees HW, Gartner BC, Wain-Hobson S, et al. Maintenance of HIV-specific central and effector memory CD4 and CD8 T cells requires antigen persistence. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2007; 23:549-553.
46. Spiegel HM, DeFalcon E, Ogg GS, Larsson M, Beadle TJ, Tao P, et al. Changes in frequency of HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T cell precursors and circulating effectors after combination antiretroviral therapy in children. J Infect Dis 1999; 180:359-368.
47. Fujiwara M, Takiguchi M. HIV-1-specific CTLs effectively suppress replication of HIV-1 in HIV-1-infected macrophages. Blood 2007; 109:4832-4838.
48. Jin X, Bauer DE, Tuttleton SE, Lewin S, Gertie A, Blanchard J, et al. Dramatic rise in plasma viremia after CD8(+) T cell depletion in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques. J Exp Med 1999; 189:991-998.
49. Geldmacher C, Currier JR, Herrmann E, Haule A, Kuta E, McCutchan F, et al. CD8 T-cell recognition of multiple epitopes within specific Gag regions is associated with maintenance of a low steady-state viremia in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-seropositive patients. J Virol 2007; 81:2440-2448.
50. Chouquet C, Autran B, Gomard E, Bouley JM, Calvez V, Katlama C, et al. Correlation between breadth of memory HIV-specific cytotoxic T cells, viral load and disease progression in HIV infection. AIDS 2002; 16:2399-2407.