Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 and High-sensitivity C-reactive protein improve the stratification of ischemic stroke risk in the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study

Stroke

Volumn 40, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 376-381

  Nambi, Vijay ^a,b   Hoogeveen, Ron C ^a,b   Chambless, Lloyd ^c   Hu, Yijuan ^c   Bang, Heejung ^d   Coresh, Josef ^e   Ni, Hanyu ^f   Boerwinkle, Eric ^g   Mosley, Thomas ^h   Sharrett, Richey ^e   Folsom, Aaron R ⁱ   Ballantyne, Christie M ^a,b  

^a BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b HOUSTON METHODIST RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^c IL   (United States)

^d WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE   (United States)

^e JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^f NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^h UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

Author keywords

CRP; Lp PLA 2; Risk; Stroke

Indexed keywords

1 ALKYL 2 ACETYLGLYCEROPHOSPHOCHOLINE ESTERASE; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; BIOLOGICAL MARKER;

ADULT; AREA UNDER THE CURVE; ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; COMMUNITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FEMALE; HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC; RISK FACTOR; SEX DIFFERENCE; AGED; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CLASSIFICATION; COHORT ANALYSIS; INFLAMMATION; MIDDLE AGED; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; RISK ASSESSMENT; ROC CURVE; STATISTICAL MODEL; STROKE; UNITED STATES;

1-ALKYL-2-ACETYLGLYCEROPHOSPHOCHOLINE ESTERASE; ADULT; AGED; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; COHORT STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; LINEAR MODELS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; ROC CURVE; STROKE; UNITED STATES;

EID: 60549092670     PISSN: 00392499     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.513259     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Ross R. Atherosclerosis-an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:115-126.
2. Libby P, Ridker PM, Maseri A. Inflammation and atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2002;105:1135-1143.
3. Ridker PM, Rifai N, Rose L, Buring JE, Cook NR. Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:1557-1565.
4. Cook NR, Buring JE, Ridker PM. The effect of including C-reactive protein in cardiovascular risk prediction models for women. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145:21-29.
5. Packard CJ, O'Reilly DS, Caslake MJ, McMahon AD, Ford I, Cooney J, Macphee CH, Suckling KE. Krishna M, Wilkinson FE, Rumley A, Lowe GD, for the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 as an independent predictor of coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:1148-1155.
6. 2, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and risk for incident coronary heart disease in middle-aged men and women in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Circulation. 2004;109:837-842.
7. 2, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and risk for incident ischemic stroke in middle-aged men and women in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:2479-2484.
8. Greenland P, O'Malley PG. When is a new prediction marker useful? A consideration of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and C-reactive protein for stroke risk. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:2454-2456.
9. ARIC Investigators. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities. (ARIC) Study:design and objectives. Am J Epidemiol. 1989;129:687-702.
10. Prentice RL. A case-cohort design for epidemiologic cohort studies and disease prevention trials. Biometrika. 1986;73:1-11.
11. Barlow WE, Ichikawa L, Rosner D, Izumi S. Analysis of case-cohort designs. J Clin Epidemiol. 1999;52:1165-1172.
12. Dada N, Kim NW, Wolfert RL. Lp-PLA2:an emerging biomarker of coronary heart disease. Exp Rev Mol Diagn. 2002;2:17-22.
13. Roberts WL, Moulton L, Law TC, Farrow G, Cooper-Anderson M, Savory J, Rifai N. Evaluation of nine automated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein methods:implications for clinical and epidemiological applications. Part 2. Clin Chem. 2001;47:418-425.
14. Rosamond WD, Folsom AR, Chambless LE, Wang CH, McGovern PG, Howard G, Copper LS, Shahar E. Stroke incidence and survival among middle-aged adults:9-year follow-up of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort. Stroke. 1999:30:736-743.
15. Administration USHCF. The International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification:ICD-9-CM, 4th ed. Salt Lake City, UT:Med-Index Publications;1992.
16. The National Survey of Stroke. National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke. Stroke. 1981;12(suppl 1):I1-91.
17. Chambless LE, Diao G. Estimation of time-dependent area under the ROC curve for long-term risk prediction. Stat Med. 2006;25:3474-3486.
18. Grundy SM, D'Agostino RB Sr, Mosca L, Burke GL, Wilson PW, Rader DJ, Cleeman JI, Roccella EJ, Cutler JA, Friedman LM. Cardiovascular risk assessment based on US cohort studies:findings from a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute workshop. Circulation. 2001;104:491-496.
19. Pearson TA, Mensah GA, Alexander RW, Anderson JL, Cannon RO III, Criqui M, Fadl YY, Fortmann SP, Hong Y, Myers GL, Rifai N, Smith SC Jr, Taubert K, Tracy RP, Vinicor F. Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease:application to clinical and public health practice:a statement for healthcare professionals from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2003;107:499-511.
20. Joint National Committee on Detection E, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:2413-2446.
21. Harrell FE Jr, Lee KL, Mark DB. Multivariable prognostic models:issues in developing models, evaluating assumptions and adequacy, and measuring and reducing errors. Stat Med. 1996;15:361-387.
22. Efron B, Tibshirani RJ. An Introduction to the Bootstrap. New York:Chapman &Hall;1993.
23. Steyerberg EW. Harrell FE Jr, Borsboom GJ, Eijkemans MJ, Vergouwe Y, Habbema JD. Internal validation of predictive models:efficiency of some procedures for logistic regression analysis. J Clin Epidemiol. 2001;54:774-781.
24. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285:2486-2497.
25. Arad Y, Goodman KJ, Roth M, Newstein D, Guerci AD. Coronary calcification, coronary disease risk factors, C-reactive protein, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events:the St Francis Heart Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46:158-165.
26. Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, Belanger AJ, Kannel WB. Probability of stroke:a risk profile from the Framingham Study. Stroke. 1991;22:312-318.
27. D'Agostino RB, Wolf PA, Belanger AJ, Kannel WB. Stroke risk profile:adjustment for antihypertensive medication. The Framingham Study. Stroke. 1994;25:40-43.
28. Wang TJ, Massaro JM, Levy D, Vasan RS, Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, Larson MG, Kannel WB, Benjamin EJ. A risk score for predicting stroke or death in individuals with new-onset atrial fibrillation in the community:the Framingham Heart Study. JAMA. 2003;290:1049-1056.
29. Chambless LE, Heiss G, Shahar E, Earp MJ, Toole J. Prediction of ischemic stroke risk in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;160:259-269.
30. Goldstein LB, Adams R, Alberts MJ, Appel LJ, Brass LM, Bushnell CD, Culebras A, Degraba TJ, Gorelick PB, Guyton JR, Hart RG, Howard G, Kelly-Hayes M, Nixon JV, Sacco RL. Primary prevention of ischemic stroke:a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council:cosponsored by the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease Interdisciplinary Working Group;Cardiovascular Nursing Council;Clinical Cardiology Council;Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism Council;and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group:the American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline. Stroke. 2006;37:1583-1633.
31. American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2005 Update. Dallas:American Heart Association;2005.
32. Rost NS, Wolf PA, Kase CS, Kelly-Hayes M, Silbershatz H, Massaro JM, D'Agostino RB, Franzblau C, Wilson PW. Plasma concentration of C-reactive protein and risk of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack:the Framingham study. Stroke. 2001;32:2575-2579.
33. 2, and outcome after ischemic stroke. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:2073-2080.
34. Oei HH, van der Meer IM, Hofman A, Koudstaal PJ, Stijnen T, Breteler MM, Witteman JC. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity is associated with risk of coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke:the Rotterdam Study. Circulation. 2005;111:570-575.
35. Pepe MS, Janes H, Longton G, Leisenring W, Newcomb P. Limitations of the odds ratio in gauging the performance of a diagnostic, prognostic, or screening marker. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;159:882-890.
36. Cook NR. Use and misuse of the receiver operating characteristic curve in risk prediction. Circulation. 2007;115:928-935.
37. Zou KH, O'Malley AJ, Mauri L. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis for evaluating diagnostic tests and predictive models. Circulation. 2007;115:654-657.
38. Gotto AM Jr. Role of C-reactive protein in coronary risk reduction:focus on primary prevention. Am J Cardiol. 2007;99:718-725.
39. Sever PS, Dahlof B, Poulter NR, Wedel H, Beevers G. Caulfield M, Collins R, Kjeldsen SE, Kristinsson A, Mclnnes GT, Mehlsen J, Nieminen M, O'Brien E, Ostergren J, for the ASCOT Investigators. Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA):a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2003;361:1149-1158.
40. Collins R, Armitage J, Parish S, Sleight P, Peto R. Effects of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin on stroke and other major vascular events in 20536 people with cerebrovascular disease or other high-risk conditions. Lancet. 2004;363:757-767.
41. Crouse JR III, Byington RP, Bond MG, Espeland MA, Craven TE, Sprinkle JW, McGovern ME, Furberg CD. Pravastatin, lipids, and atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries (PLAC-II). Am J Cardiol. 1995;75:455-459.
42. Dhamoon MS, Tai W, Boden-Albala B, Rundek T, Paik MC, Sacco RL, Elkind MS. Risk of myocardial infarction or vascular death after first ischemic stroke:the Northern Manhattan Study. Stroke. 2007;38:1752-1758.
43. Lewington S, Whitlock G, Clarke R, Sherliker P, Emberson J, Halsey J, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R. Blood cholesterol and vascular mortality by age, sex, and blood pressure:a meta-analysis of individual data from 61 prospective studies with 55 000 vascular deaths. Lancet. 2007;370:1829-1839.
44. Montaner J, Chacon P, Krupinski J, Rubio F, Millan M, Molina CA, Hereu P, Quintana M, Alvarez-Sabin J. Simvastatin in the acute phase of ischemic stroke:a safety and efficacy pilot trial. Eur J Neurol. 2008;15:82-90.
45. Sacco RL. The 2006 William Feinberg lecture:shifting the paradigm from stroke to global vascular risk estimation. Stroke. 2007;38:1980-1987.