Do elephants prevent other African herbivores from using waterholes in the dry season?

Biodiversity and Conservation

Volumn 18, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 569-576

  Valeix, Marion ^a,b,d   Fritz, Hervé ^a,e   Canévet, Violaine ^b   Le Bel, Sébastien ^b   Madzikanda, Hillary ^c  

^a CNRS   (France)

^b CIRAD   (France)

^c ZIMBABWE PARKS AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY   (Zimbabwe)

^d UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITÉ DE LYON   (France)

Author keywords

African savanna; Drinking behaviour; Hwange National Park; Interference competition; Zimbabwe

Indexed keywords

AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR; BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE; BIODIVERSITY; DRINKING; ELEPHANT; HERBIVORE; INTERSPECIFIC INTERACTION; POPULATION DYNAMICS; PROTECTED AREA; RESOURCE SCARCITY; RESOURCE USE; SAVANNA; VIGILANCE; WATER AVAILABILITY;

ELEPHANTIDAE;

EID: 60449119061     PISSN: 09603115     EISSN: 15729710     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10531-008-9523-0     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. J Altmann 1974 Observational study of behaviour: sampling methods Behaviour 49 227 267 10.1163/156853974X0053
2. J Berger C Cunningham 1998 Behavioural ecology in managed reserves: gender-based asymmetries in interspecific dominance in African elephants and rhinos Anim Conserv 1 33 38 10.1111/j.1469-1795.1998.tb00223.x
3. JJ Blanc RFW Barnes GC Craig 2005 Changes in elephant numbers in major savanna populations in eastern and southern Africa Pachyderm 38 19 28
4. WJ Bond 1993
5. BS Cade JW Terrell RL Schroeder 1999 Estimating effects of limiting factors with regression quantiles Ecology 80 311 323
6. S Chamaillé-Jammes M Valeix H Fritz 2007 Managing heterogeneity in elephant distribution: interactions between elephant population density and surface-water availability J Appl Ecol 44 625 633 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007. 01300.x
7. S Chamaillé-Jammes H Fritz M Valeix 2008 Resource variability, aggregation and direct density dependence in an open context: the local regulation of an African elephant population J Anim Ecol 77 135 144
8. A Conybeare 2004
9. W Cresswell 1998 Variation in the strength of interference with resource density in blackbirds, Turdus merula Oikos 81 152 160 10.2307/3546477
10. DHM Cumming MB Fenton IL Rautenbach 1997 Elephants, woodlands and biodiversity in southern Africa S Afr J Sci 93 231 235
11. MW Demarchi FL Bunnell 1993 Estimating forest canopy effects on summer thermal cover for Cervidae (deer family) Can J For Res 23 2419 2426 10.1139/x93-299
12. PM Dolman 1995 The intensity of interference varies with resource density: evidence from a field study with snow buntings, Plectrophenox nivalis Oecologia 102 511 514 10.1007/BF00341364
13. JP Dudley GC Craig SC Gibson 2001 Drought mortality of bush elephants in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Afr J Ecol 39 187 194 10.1046/j.0141-6707.2000. 00297.x
14. KM Dunham 1994 The effect of drought on the large mammal populations of Zambezi riverine woodlands J Zool (Lond) 234 489 526
15. BJ Ens JD Goss-Custard 1984 Interference among oystercatchers, haematophus ostralegus, feedings on mussels, mytilus edulis, on the exe estuary J Anim Ecol 53 217 231 10.2307/4353
16. BM Fenton DHM Cumming IL Rautenbach 1998 Bats and the loss of tree canopy in African woodlands Conserv Biol 12 399 407 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.96376.x
17. JM Fryxell 1991 Forage quality and aggregation by large herbivores Am Nat 138 478 498 10.1086/285227
18. M Herremans 1995 Effects of woodland modification by African elephant Loxodonta africana on bird diversity in northern Botswana Ecography 18 440 453 10.1111/j.1600-0587.1995.tb00147.x
19. Koenker R (2005) Quantile regression. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
20. SW Makhabu C Skarpe H Hytteborn 2006 Elephant impact on shoot distribution on trees and on rebrowsing by smaller browsers Acta Oecol 30 136 146 10.1016/j.actao.2006.02.005
21. Owen-Smith N (1988) Megaherbivores: the influence of very large body size on ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
22. N Owen-Smith 1996 Ecological guidelines for watering points in extensive protected areas S Afr J Wildl Res 26 107 112
23. ISC Parker AD Graham 1989 Men, elephants and competition Symp Zool Soc Lond 61 241 252
24. AH Parker ETF Witkowski 1999 Long-term impacts of abundant perennial water provision for game on herbaceous vegetation in a semi-arid African savanna woodland J Arid Environ 41 309 321 10.1006/jare.1998.0484
25. L Persson 1985 Asymmetrical competition: are larger animals competitively superior? Am Nat 126 261 266 10.1086/284413
26. Peters RH (1983) The ecological implications of body size. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
27. M Poisbleau H Fritz M Valeix 2006 Social dominance correlates and family status in wintering dark-bellied brent geese, Branta bernicla bernicla Anim Behav 71 1351 1358 10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.09.014
28. RM Pringle 2008 Elephants as agents of habitat creation for small vertebrates at the patch scale Ecology 89 26 33 10.1890/07-0776.1
29. JV Redfern R Grant H Biggs WM Getz 2003 Surface-water constraints on herbivore foraging in the Kruger National Park, South Africa Ecology 84 2092 2107 10.1890/01-0625
30. Rogers CML (1993) A woody vegetation survey of Hwange National Park. Published report. Department of National Parks and Wild Life Management, Zimbabwe, Harare
31. JM Rowcliffe WJ Sutherland AR Watkinson 1999 The functional and aggregative responses of a herbivore: underlying mechanisms and the spatial implications for plant depletion J Anim Ecol 68 853 868 10.1046/j.1365-2656. 1999.00335.x
32. LP Rutina SR Moe JE Swenson 2005 Elephant Loxodonta africana driven woodland conversion to shrubland improves dry-season browse availability for impalas Aepyceros melampus Wildl Biol 11 207 213 10.2981/0909-6396(2005)11[207: ELADWC]2.0.CO;2
33. Schaller GB (1972) The Serengeti lion: a study of predator prey relations. Chicago University Press, Chicago
34. I Thrash GK Theron JP Bothma 1995 Dry season herbivore densities around drinking troughs in the Kruger National Park J Arid Environ 29 213 219 10.1016/S0140-1963(05)80091-6
35. M Valeix S Chamaillé-Jammes H Fritz 2007 Interference competition and temporal niche shifts: elephants and herbivore communities at waterholes Oecologia 153 739 748 10.1007/s00442-007-0764-5
36. M Valeix H Fritz R Matsika 2007 The role of water abundance, thermoregulation, perceived predation risk and interference competition in water access by African herbivores Afr J Ecol 46 402 410 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2007. 00874.x
37. M Valeix H Fritz S Dubois 2007 Vegetation structure and herbivore abundance over a period of increasing elephant abundance in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe J Trop Ecol 23 87 93 10.1017/S0266467406003609
38. M Valeix H Fritz S Chamaillé-Jammes 2008 Fluctuations in abundance of large herbivore populations: insights into the influence of dry season rainfall and elephant numbers from long-term data Anim Conserv 11 391 400 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2008.00194.x
39. N Van Rooyen GJ Bredenkamp GK Theron 1994 Vegetational gradients around artificial watering points in the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park J Arid Environ 26 349 361 10.1006/jare.1994.1037
40. TP Young 1994 Natural die-offs of large mammals: implications for conservation Conserv Biol 8 410 418 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08020410.x