Neuropsychological mechanisms of Digit Symbol Substitution Test impairment in Asperger Disorder

Psychiatry Research

Volumn 166, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 35-45

  Yoran Hegesh, Roni ^a,b   Kertzman, Semion ^a,b   Vishne, Tali ^b   Weizman, Abraham ^b   Kotler, Moshe ^a,b  

^a NESS ZIONA MENTAL HEALTH CENTER   (Israel)

^b TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

Author keywords

Asperger's Disorder; Autistic Disorder; Digit Symbol Substitution Test; Information processing; Motor speed; Shifting of attention

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; ASPERGER SYNDROME; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COGNITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; DIGIT RUNNING TEST; DIGIT SYMBOL SUBSTITUTION TEST; FINGER TAPPING TEST; HUMAN; INFORMATION PROCESSING; INSPECTION TIME TEST; MALE; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RESPONSE TIME; SCHOOL CHILD; SIMPLE REACTION TIME TEST; STROOP TEST; TASK PERFORMANCE;

ADOLESCENT; ASPERGER SYNDROME; ASSOCIATION LEARNING; ATTENTION; COGNITION DISORDERS; COLOR PERCEPTION; DISCRIMINATION LEARNING; HUMANS; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; PSYCHOMETRICS; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; REACTION TIME; READING; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SEMANTICS; STEREOTYPED BEHAVIOR; SYMBOLISM;

EID: 60349118165     PISSN: 01651781     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2007.11.015     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. American Psychiatric Association. DSM-IV-TR: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (2000), APA, Washington, DC
2. Anastasi A. Differential Psychology (1958), Macmillan, New York
3. Araki K., Yoshimatsu K., Ogino M., Ebihara H., Lundkvist A., Kariwa H., Takashima I., and Arikawa J. Truncated hantavirus nucleocapsid proteins for serotyping Hantaan, Seoul, and Dobrava hantavirus infections. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 39 (2001) 2397-2404
4. Asperger H. Die "Autistischen Psychopathen" im Kindesalter. Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten 117 (1944) 76-136
5. Baron-Cohen S., and Hammer J. Parents of children with Asperger syndrome: what is the cognitive phenotype. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 9 (1997) 548-554
6. Burack J.A. Selective attention deficits in persons with autism: preliminary evidence of an inefficient attentional lens. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 103 (1994) 535-543
7. Courchesne E., Townsend J.P., Akshoomoff N.A., Yeung-Courchesne R., Press G.A., Murakami J.W., Lincoln A.J., James H.E., Saitoh O., Egaas B., Haas R.H., and Schreibman L. A new finding: Impairment in shifting attention in autistic and cerebellar patients. In: Broman S.H., and Grafman J. (Eds). Atypical Cognitive Deficits in Developmental Disorders: Implications for Brian Function, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ (1994) 101-137
8. Drepper J., Timmann D., Kolb F.P., and Diener H.C. Non-motor associative learning in isolated degenerative cerebellar disease. Brain 122 (1999) 87-97
9. Durgin F.H. The reverse Stroop effect. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review 7 (2000) 121-125
10. Frankel F., Simmons III J.Q., Fichter M., and Freeman B.J. Stimulus overselectivity in autistic and mentally retarded children-a research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 25 (1984) 147-155
11. Frith U. Emmanuel Miller lecture: confusions and controversies about Asperger syndrome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 45 (2004) 672-686
12. Frith U., and Frith C.D. Development and neurophysiology of mentalizing. Philosophical Transaction of the Royal Society of London B Biological Sciences 358 (2003) 459-473
13. Ghaziuddin M., and Mountain-Kimchi K. Defining the intellectual profile of Asperger syndrome: comparison with high-functioning autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 34 (2004) 279-284
14. Gilchrist A., Green J., Cox A., Burton D., Rutter M., and Le Couteur A. Development and current functioning in adolescents with Asperger syndrome: a comparative study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 42 (2001) 227-240
15. Gilmore G.C., Royer F.L., Gruhn J.J., and Esson M.J. Symbol-digit substitution and individual differences in visual search ability. Intelligence 32 (2004) 47-64
16. Gilotty L., Kenworthy L., Sirian L., Black D.O., and Wagner A.E. Adaptive skills and executive function in autism spectrum disorders. Child Neuropsychology 8 (2002) 241-248
17. Goldberg M.C., Mostofsky S.H., Cutting L.E., Mahone E.M., Astor B.C., Denckla M.B., and Landa R.J. Subtle executive impairment in children with autism and children with ADHD. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 35 (2005) 279-293
18. Green D., Baird G., Barnett A.L., Henderson L., Huber J., and Henderson S.E. The severity and nature of motor impairment in Asperger's Syndrome: a comparison with specific developmental disorder of motor function. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 43 (2002) 655-668
19. Halstead W.C. Brain and Intelligence (1947), University of Chicago Press, Chicago
20. Hardan A.Y., Kilpatrick M., Keshavan M.S., and Minshew N.J. Motor performance and anatomic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the basal ganglia in autism. Journal of Child Neurology 18 (2003) 317-324
21. Hutt S.J., Hutt C., Lee D., and Ounsted C. A behavioral and electroencephalographic study of autistic children. Journal of Psychiatric Research 3 (1965) 181-197
22. Joy S., Kaplan E., and Fein D. Speed and memory in the WAIS-III Digit Symbol-coding subtest across the adult lifespan. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 19 (2004) 759-767
23. Kertzman, S., Sirota, A., Ben Nahum, Z., 2000. Neurocognitive scanning battery "CogScanVersion 1." Manual for Users. AnimaScan LTD. Ashdod, Israel.
24. Kertzman S., Ben-Nahum Z., Gotzlav I., Grinspan H., Birger M., and Kotler M. Digit Symbol Substitution Test performance-sex differences in Hebrew-readers health population. Perceptual and Motor Skills 103 (2006) 121-130
25. Kertzman S., Grinspan H., Birger M., Shliapnikov N., Alish Y., Ben Nahum Z., Mester R., and Kotler M. Simple real-time computerized tasks for detection of malingering among murderers with schizophrenia. Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences 43 (2006) 112-118
26. Kertzman S., Lowengrub K., Aizer A., Ben Nahum Z., Kotler M., and Dannon P.N. Stroop performance in pathological gamblers. Psychiatry Research 142 (2006) 1-10
27. Klin A., Volkmar F.R., Sparrow S.S., Cicchetti D.V., and Rourke B.P. Validity and neuropsychological characterization of Asperger Syndrome: convergence with nonverbal learning disabilities syndrome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 36 (1995) 1127-1140
28. Klin A., Lang J., Cicchetti D.V., and Volkmar F.R. Interrater reliability of clinical diagnosis and DSM-IV criteria for autistic disorder: results of the DSM-IV autism field trial. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 30 (2000) 163-167
29. Kwon H., Ow A.W., Pedatella K.E., Lotspeich L.J., and Reiss A.L. Voxel-based morphometry elucidates structural neuroanatomy of high-functioning autism and Asperger syndrome. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 46 (2004) 760-764
30. Landry R., and Bryson S.E. Impaired disengagement of attention in young children with autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 45 (2004) 1115-1122
31. Lezak M.D., Howieson D.B., and Loring D.W. Neuropsychological Assessment. 4th edition (2004), Oxford University Press, Oxford
32. Liss M., Fein D., Bullard S., and Robins D. Brief report: cognitive estimation in individuals with pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 30 (2000) 613-618
33. Liversidge H.M., Chaillet N., Mornstad H., Nystrom M., Rowlings K., Taylor J., and Willems G. Timing of Demirjian's tooth formation stages. Annals of Human Biology 33 (2006) 454-470
34. Lotspeich L.J., Kwon H., Schumann C.M., Fryer S.L., Goodlin-Jones B.L., Buonocore M.H., Lammers C.R., Amaral D.G., and Reiss A.L. Investigation of neuroanatomical differences between Autism and Asperger Syndrome. Archives of General Psychiatry 61 (2004) 291-298
35. Lovaas O.I., and Schreibman L. Stimulus overselectivity of autistic children in a two stimulus situation. Behavioral Research and Therapy 9 (1971) 305-310
36. Lovaas O.I., Koegel R.L., and Schreibman L. Stimulus overselectivity in autism: a review of research. Psychological Bulletin 86 (1979) 1236-1254
37. Lutey C. Individual Intelligence Testing: A Manual and Sourcebook (1977), Carol Lutey Publishing, Greeley, CO
38. Lynn R., and Dai X.Y. Sex differences on the Chinese standardization sample of the WAIS-R. Journal of Genetic Psychology 154 (1993) 459-463
39. Macintosh K.E., and Dissanayake C. The similarities and differences between autistic disorder and Asperger's disorder: a review of the empirical evidence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 45 (2004) 421-434
40. Manjiviona J., and Prior M. Comparison of Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autistic children on a test of motor impairment. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 25 (1995) 23-39
41. Manijiviona J., and Prior M. Neuropsychological profiles of children with Asperger's syndrome and autism. Autism 3 (1999) 327-356
42. Mattila M.L., Kielinen M., Jussila K.M.A., Linna S.L., Bloigu R., Ebeling H., and Moilanen I. Epidemiological and diagnostic study of Asperger Syndrome according to four sets of diagnostic criteria. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 46 (2007) 636-646
43. McGarry K., Laher M., Fitzgerald D., Horgan J., O'Brien E., and O'Malley K. Baroreflex function in elderly hypertensives. Hypertension 5 (1983) 763-766
44. Miller E.K., and Cohen J.D. An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Annual Review of Neurosciences 24 (2001) 167-202
45. Obst P.L., and White K.M. An exploration of the interplay between psychological sense of community, social identification and salience. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology 15 (2005) 1-9
46. Ogdon D.P. Psychodiagnostics and Personality Assessment (1998), Western Psychological Services, Los Angeles
47. Ozonoff S., and Jensen J. Brief report: specific executive function profiles in three neurodevelopmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 29 (1999) 171-177
48. Ozonoff S., Williams B.J., Rauch A.M., and Opitz J.O. Behavior phenotype of FG syndrome: cognition, personality, and behavior in eleven affected boys. American Journal of Medical Genetics 97 (2000) 112-118
49. Prior M., Eisenmajer R., Leekam S., Wing L., Gould J., Ong B., and Dowe D. Are there subgroups within the autistic spectrum? A cluster analysis of a group of children with autistic spectrum disorders. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 39 (1998) 893-902
50. Rinehart N.J., Bradshaw J.L., Moss S.A., Brereton A.V., and Tonge B.J. A deficit in shifting attention present in high-functioning autism but not Asperger's disorder. Autism 5 (2001) 67-80
51. Rinehart N.J., Bradshaw J.L., Brereton A.V., and Tonge B.J.A. Clinical and neurobehavioural review of high-functioning autism and Asperger's disorder. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 36 (2002) 762-770
52. Rinehart N.J., Tonge B.J., Bradshaw J.L., Iansek R., Enticott P.G., and McGinley J. Gait function in high-functioning autism and Asperger's disorder: evidence for basal-ganglia and cerebellar involvement?. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 15 (2006) 256-264
53. Ryan J.J., Brown K.I., and Paolo A.M. Discrimination of healthy and brain-damaged elderly using the WAIS-R. International Journal of Neuroscience 115 (2005) 699-703
54. Schneider S.G., and Asarnow R.F. A comparison of cognitive/neuropsychological impairments of nonretarded autistic and schizophrenic children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 15 (1987) 29-45
55. Sears L.L., Finn P.R., and Steinmetz J.E. Abnormal classical eye-blink conditioning in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 24 (1994) 737-751
56. Shah P., and Miyake A. The separability of working memory resources for spatial thinking and language processing: an individual differences approach. Journal of Experimental Psychology 125 (1996) 4-27
57. Shuttleworth-Edwards A.B. Fine tuning on digit-symbol paired associate recall test for practitioner purposes in clinical and research settings. Clinical Neuropsychologist 16 (2002) 232-241
58. Siegel D.J., and Minshew N.J. Wechsler, I.Q profiles in diagnosis of high-functioning autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 26 (1996) 389-403
59. Spieler D.H., Balota D.A., and Faust M.E. Stroop performance in healthy younger and older adults and individuals with dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Perception and Performance 22 (1996) 461-479
60. Starr E., Szatmari P., Bryson S., and Zwaigenbaum L. Developmental disorders: a 2-year outcome study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 33 (2003) 15-22
61. Stephens R., and Sreenivasan B. Analysis of substitution test performance using eye movement and video data. Applied Neuropsychology 9 (2002) 179-183
62. Stroop J.R. Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology 12 (1935) 643-662
63. Szatmari P., Bremner R., and Nagy J. Asperger's syndrome: a review of clinical features. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 34 (1989) 554-560
64. Thorpe S.J., and Fabre-Thorpe M. Seeking categories in the brain. Science 291 (2001) 260-263
65. Townsend J., Singer-Harris N., and Courchesne E. Visual attention abnormalities in autism: delayed orienting to location. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 2 (1996) 541-550
66. Townsend J., Courchesne E., Covington J., Westerfield M., Harris N.S., Lyden P., Lowry T.P., and Press G.A. Spatial attention deficits in patients with acquired or developmental cerebellar abnormality. Journal of Neuroscience 19 (1999) 5632-5643
67. Turner M.A. Repetitive behavior in autism: a review of psychological research. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 40 (1999) 839-849
68. Turner M.A. Generating novel ideas: fluency performance in high-functioning and learning disabled individuals with autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 40 (1999) 189-201
69. van der Geest J.N., Kemner C., Camfferman G., Verbaten M.N., and van Engeland H. Eye movements, visual attention, and autism: a saccadic reaction time study using the gap and overlap paradigm. Biological Psychiatry 50 (2001) 614-619
70. Vickers D., Nettelbeck T., and Willson R.J. Perceptual indices of performance: the measurement of 'inspection time' and 'noise' in the visual system. Perception 1 (1972) 263-295
71. Wechsler D. The Measurement and Appraisal of Adult Intelligence (1958), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore
72. Wechsler D. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised-Manual. The Psychological Corporation. Hebrew version 1998 Jerusalem Israel (1974)
73. Wechsler D. WAIS-III Technical Manual. The Psychological Corporation (1997), Harcourt Brace & Co, San Antonio
74. Wing L. Asperger's syndrome: a clinical account. Psychological Medicine 11 (1981) 115-129
75. Wing L. The continuum of autistic characteristics. In: Schopler E., and Mesibov G. (Eds). Diagnosis and Assessment in Autism (1998), Plenum, New York 91-110
76. World Health Organization. The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines (1992), WHO, Geneva