Properties of solar X-ray flares and proton event forecasting

Advances in Space Research

Volumn 43, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 467-473

  Belov, A ^a  

^a PUSHKOV INSTITUTE OF TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM   (Russian Federation)

Author keywords

Probability model; Proton enhancements; Solar cosmic rays; Solar energetic particles; Solar flares; X ray

Indexed keywords

COSMIC RAYS; COSMOLOGY; PROBABILITY; SOLAR ENERGY; SOLAR RADIATION;

PROBABILITY MODELING; PROTON ENHANCEMENTS; SOLAR COSMIC RAYS; SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLES; SOLAR FLARE;

X RAYS;

EID: 59949102642     PISSN: 02731177     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2008.08.011     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Akinyan, S.T., Chertok, I.M., Fomichev V.V., Quantitative forecasts of solar protons based on solar flare radio data, in: Donnelly, R.F. (Ed.), Solar-Terrestrial Prediction Proceedings. Washington, DC, v. 3, D14-D26, 1980.
2. Balch C.C. SEC proton prediction model: verification and analysis. Radiat. Meas. 30 (1999) 231-250
3. Balch C.C. Updated verification of the Space Weather Prediction Center's solar energetic particle prediction model. Space Weather 6 (2008) S01001 10.1029/2007SW000337
4. Bazilevskaya G.A., and Sladkova A.I. Azimuthal distribution and release of accelerated particles from the solar corona. Geomagn. Aeronomy 26 (1986) 187-190
5. Belov A., Garcia H., Kurt V., and Mavromichalaki H. Proton enhancements and their relation to the X-ray flares during the three last solar cycles. Solar Phys. 229 1 (2005) 135-159
6. Belov A., Eroshenko E., Mavromichalaki H., Plainaki C., and Yanke V. A study of the ground level enhancement of 23 February 1956. Adv. Space Res. 35 (2005) 697-701
7. Belov, A.V., Eroshenko E.A., Kryakunova O.N., Kurt V.G., Yanke V.G. X-ray flare characteristics and probability of solar proton events. 30th ICRC, Merida, vol. 1, pp. 167, 2008.
8. Belovsky M.N., and Ochelkov Yu.P. On some peculiarities of generation of electromagnetic and corpuscular radiation in solar flares, Izvestiya AN SSSR. Phys. Ser. 43 4 (1979) 749-752 in Russian
9. Carrington, R.C., Description of a singular appearance seen on the Sun on September 1,1859. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 20, 13-15, 1860.
10. Chertok I.M. Estimates of the proton energy spectrum exponent on the basis of solar microwave radio-burst data. Geomagn. Aeronomy 22 2 (1982) 182-186
11. Cliver E.W. The 1859 space weather event: then and now. Adv. Space Res. 38 (2006) 119-129
12. Del Pozo, Proton Flux Prediction Model at Earth Environment to E > 10 MeV, ESA Space Weather Workshop. Available from: , 2003.
13. Heckman G., Hirman J., Kunches J., and Balch C. The monitoring and prediction of solar particle events - an experience report. Adv. Space Res. 4 10 (1984) 165-172
14. Hudson H. The unpredictability of the most energetic solar events. Astrophys. J. 663 (2007) L45-L48
15. Kahler S.W. The role of the big flare syndrome in correlations of solar energetic proton fluxes and associated microwave burst parameters. J. Geophys. Res. 87 (1982) 3439-3448
16. Kahler S.W., Cliver E.W., and Ling A.G. Validating the proton prediction system (PPS). JASTP 69 (2007) 43-49
17. Miroshnichenko, L.I. The development of diagnostics and prediction methods of solar proton events, in solar-terrestrial predictions: Proceedings of Workshop at Meudon, France, June 18-22, 1984, pp. 244-262, 1986.
18. Murphy A.H., and Epstein E.S. Skill scores and correlation coefficients in model verification. Mon. Weather Rev. 117 (1989) 572-581
19. Shea M.A., and Smart D.F. The heliolongitudinal distribution of solar flares associated with solar proton events. Adv. Space Res. 17 (1996) 113-116
20. Shea M.A., Smart D.F., McCracken K.G., Dreschhoff G.A.M., and Spence H.E. Solar proton events for 450 years: the carrington event in perspective. Adv. Space Res. 38 (2006) 232-238
21. Smart, D.F., Shea, M.A. PPS76 - A computerized "event mode" solar proton forecasting technique, in: Donnelly R.F. (Ed.), Solar-terrestrial prediction proceedings, Washington, DC, USA, vol. 1, pp. 406-427, 1979.
22. Smart D.F., and Shea M.A. A new event oriented solar proton prediction model. Adv. Space Res. 9 10 (1989) 281-284
23. Smart, D.F. Shea, M.A. Probable pitch angle distribution and spectra of the 23 February 1956 solar cosmic ray event, Proceedings of the 21st International Cosmic Ray Confrence, vol 5. Adelaide, Australia, pp. 257-260, 1990.
24. Smart, D.F., Shea, M.A., A comparison of the magnitude of the 29 September 1989 high energy event with solar cycle 17, 18 and 19 events, Proceedings of the ICRC22, vol. 3, pp. 101-104, 1991.
25. Smart, D.F., Shea, M.A. Predicting and modeling solar flare generated proton fluxes in the inner heliosphere, In: Biological Effects and Physics of Solar and Galactic Cosmic Radiation, Part B; Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute on Biological Effects and Physics of Solar and Galactic Cosmic Radiation, A95-81431, pp. 101-117, 1993.
26. Smart D.F., Shea M.A., and McCracken K.G. The carrington event: possible solar proton intensity time profile. Adv. Space Res. 38 2 (2006) 215-225