Batch safety testing of veterinary vaccines - Potential welfare implications of injection volumes

Alternatives to Laboratory Animals

Volumn 36, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 685-694

  Cooper, Jane ^a  

^a Research Animals Department   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Animal welfare; Batch safety test; Injection volumes; Regulatory requirement; Substance administration; Veterinary vaccines

Indexed keywords

LIVE VACCINE; VACCINE; VETERINARY DRUG;

ANIMAL WELFARE; ARTICLE; FOWL; INJECTION; INJECTION SITE DISCOMFORT; INJECTION SITE PAIN; NONHUMAN; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; VETERINARY MEDICINE;

ANIMALIA; AVES;

EID: 59849105570     PISSN: 02611929     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/026119290803600611     Document Type: Article

References (18)

1. Veterinary Medicines Directorate (2005). Animal Usage in Quality Control Tests for the Release of Immunological Veterinary Medicinal Products in the United Kingdom in 2003. Available at: http://www.vmd.gov.uk/ Publications/Reports/Animal-Usage.pdf (Accessed 20.09.07).
2. Hendriksen, C.F.M. (2006). Towards eliminating the use of animals for regulatory required vaccine quality control. ALTEX 23, 187-190.
3. Morton, D.B., Jennings, M., Bucknell, A., Ewbank, R., Godfrey, C, Holgate, B., Inglis, I., James, R., Page, C, Sharman, I., Verdchoyle, R., Westall, L. & Wilson, A.B. (2001). Refining procedures for the administration of substances. Report of the BVAAWF/FRAME/RSPCA/UFAW Joint Working Group on Refinement. Laboratory Animals 35, 1-41.
4. Diehl, K.H., Hull, R., Morton, D., Pfister, R., Rabemampianina, Y., Smith, D., Vidal, J.M. & van de Vorstenbosch, C. (2001). A good practice guide to the administration of substances and removal of blood, including routes and volumes. Journal of Applied Toxicology 21, 15-23.
5. Wolfensohn, S. & Lloyd, M. (2003). Handbook of Laboratory Animal Management and Welfare, 153pp. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
6. Home Office (2003). Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986: PCD Circular 1/2003. Available at: http://scienceandresearch.homeoffice.gov.uk/ ani-mal-research/publications-and-reference/publications/pcd-holders-circulars/ pcdcircular l-2003.pdf (Accessed 20.09.07).
7. NOAH (2006). Compendium of Data Sheets for Animal Medicines 2007. Enfield, UK: National Office of Animal Health Ltd. Available at: http://www.noahcompendium.co.uk/Compendium/Overview/ (Accessed 20.09.07).
8. Roberts, B. & Lucken, R.N. (1996). Reducing the use of the target animal batch safety test for veterinary vaccines. Developments in Biological Standardization 86, 97-102.
9. Pössnecker, A. & Cussler, K. (1998). Evaluation of the relevance of the target animal safety test for the quality control of veterinary immunological medicinal products. ALTEX 15, 71-75.
10. Pössnecker, A. (1999). Investigation into the target animal safety test for the quality control of leptospira vaccines. Pharmeuropa BIO 99.2, 17-24.
11. Bruckner, L., Bongers, J., Castle, P., Flore, P.H., Guittet, M., Haider, M., Jungback, C, Le Gross, F.X., Tollis, M., Nair, V.K., Wilhelm, M., Zeegers, J., Zigterman, G. (2000). Three Rs approaches in the production and quality control of avian vaccines. The report and recommendations of ECVAM Workshop 41. ATLA 28, 241-258.
12. Haider, M. (2001). Three Rs potential in the development and quality control of immunobiologicals. ALTEX 18, Suppl. 1, 13-46.
13. Advisory Group on Alternatives to Animal Testing in Immunologicals (2002). The target animal safety test - is it still relevant? Biologicals 30, 277-287.
14. Steiness, E., Rasmussen, F., Svendsen, O. & Nielsen, P. (1978). A comparative study of serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity in rabbits, pigs and humans after intramuscular injection of local damaging drugs. Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 42, 357-364.
15. Diness, V. (1985). Local tissue damage after intramuscular injections in rabbits and pigs: quantitation by determination of creatine kinase activity at injection sites. Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 56, 410-415.
16. Gueorguieva, T.M., Dimitrova, D.J., Dimitrov, D.S. & Gueorguiev, LP. (1998). The effect of intramuscular injection of cloxacillin, dicloxacillin and flucloxacillin on serum creatine kinase activity in weanling pigs. Revue de Médecine Vétérinaire 149, 1103-1106.
17. Gueorguieva, T.M., Kanelov, I.N., Gueorguiev, I.P. & Eckersall, P.D. (1998). A comparative study of serum creatine kinase activity after intramuscular injections of two tylosin dosage forms in pigs. Revue de Médecine Vétérinaire 149, 863-866.
18. Farley, J.S., Hustead, R.F. & Becker, K.E. (1994). Diluting lidocaine and mepivacaine in balanced salt solution reduces the pain of intradermal injection. Regional Anesthesia 19, 48-51.