Valuing blue flag status and estuarine water quality in margate, South Africa

South African Journal of Economics

Volumn 76, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 721-737

  Nahman, Anton ^a   Rigby, Dan ^b  

^a DSI CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre   (South Africa)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Blue Flag status; Contingent behaviour method; Count data models; Recreational value; Travel cost method; Truncation bias; Water quality

Indexed keywords

CONTINGENT VALUATION; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS; ESTIMATION METHOD; WATER QUALITY; WELFARE ECONOMICS;

AFRICA; KWAZULU-NATAL; MARGATE; SOUTH AFRICA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA;

EID: 59749104913     PISSN: 00382280     EISSN: 18136982     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1813-6982.2008.00208.x     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. ALBERINI, A., ZANATTA, V. and ROSATO, P. (2007). Combining actual and contingent behaviour to estimate the value of sports fishing in the Lagoon of Venice. Ecological Economics, 61 (2-3): 530-541.
2. AUTOMOBILE ASSOCIATION (2005). AA rates of vehicle operating costs. Available at: http://www.aa.co.za/live/content.php?item_id= 631&revision=en/5 [Accessed 24 February 2005].
3. BALKAN, E. and KAHN, J. R. (1988). The value of changes in deer-hunting quality: A travel cost approach. Applied Economics, 20 (4): 553-559.
4. BATEMAN, I. J. (1993). Valuation of the environment, methods and techniques: Revealed preference methods. In R. K. Turner (ed.), Sustainable Environmental Economics and Management. London: Belhaven Press.
5. BEGG, G. W. (1978). The Estuaries of Natal. A Summary of Available Information. Natal Town and Regional Planning Report No. 41, Pietermaritzburg, 1 -657.
6. BEGG, G. W. (1984). The Estuaries of Natal. Part II. Supplement to NTRP Report vol. 41. Natal Town and Regional Planning Report No. 55, Pietermaritzburg, 1-631.
7. BLUE FLAG PROGRAMME (2006). Blue Flag Criteria and Explanatory Notes 2006-2007. Available at: http://www.blueflag.org/publicattachment/ beachcriteriaexplanatorynotes2006.pdf [Accessed 7 August 2006].
8. BOCKSTAEL, N. E. (1995). Travel cost models. In D. W. Bromley (ed.), The Handbook of Environmental Economics. Oxford: Blackwell.
9. BOCKSTAEL, N. E., HANEMANN, W. M. and KLING, C. L. (1987). Estimating the value of water quality improvements in a recreational demand framework. Water Resources Research, 23 (5): 951-960.
10. BOXALL, P., ENGLIN, J. and ADAMOWICZ, W. (2003). Valuing aboriginal artifacts: A combined reveal-stated preference approach. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 45: 213-230.
11. BROWN, W. G. and HENRY, W. (1989). The Economic Value of Elephants. London: The London Environmental Economics Centre.
12. CESARIO, F. J. (1976). Value of time in recreation benefit studies. Land Economics, 52 (1): 32-41.
13. CESARIO, F. J. and KNETSCH, J. L. (1970). Time bias in recreation benefit estimates. Water Resources Research, 6 (3): 700-704.
14. CHAKRABORTY, K. and KEITH, J. E. (2000). Estimating the recreation demand and economic value of mountain biking in Moab, Utah: An application of count data models. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 43 (4): 461-469.
15. CHOE, K., WHITTINGTON, D. and LAURIA, D. T. (1996). The economic benefits of surface water quality improvements in developing countries: A case study of Davao, Philippines. Land Economics, 72 (4): 519-537.
16. COOPER, J., JAYIYA, T., VAN NIEKERK, L., DE WIT, M., LEANER, J. and MOSHE, D. (2003). An Assessment of the Economic Values of Different Uses of Estuaries in South Africa. CSIR, Report No. ENV-S-C 2003-139, Stellenbosch, RSA.
17. DOBBS, I. M. (1993). Individual travel cost method: Estimation and benefit assessment with a discrete and possibly grouped dependent variable. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 75 (1): 84-94.
18. EFTEC (2002). Valuation of benefits to England and Wales of a revised bathing water quality directive and other beach characteristics using the choice experiment methodology. Available at: http://www.defra.gov.uk/ environment/water/quality/bathing/pdf/bw_study4a.pdf [Accessed 25 February 2008].
19. ENDER, P. (2004a). Applied Categorical and Nonnormal Data Analysis: Negative Binomial Models. Available at: http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/ courses/ed231c/notes1/nbreg1.html [Accessed 2 May 2006].
20. ENDER, P (2004b). Applied Categorical and Nonnormal Data Analysis: Zero-Truncated Count Models. Available at: http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/ courses/ed231c/notes1/trunc0.html [Accessed 2 May 2006].
21. ENGLIN, J. and CAMERON, T. A. (1996). Augmenting travel cost models with contingent behaviour data. Environmental and Resource Economics, 7 (2): 133-147.
22. FREEMAN, A. M. (1993). The Measurement of Environmental and Resource Values: Theories and Methods. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future.
23. HAAB, C. T. and MCCONNELL, K. E. (2002). Valuing Environmental and Natural Resources: The Econometrics of Non-Market Valuation. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
24. HANLEY, N. D. and SPASH, C. (1993). Cost-Benefit Analysis and the Environment. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
25. HANLEY, N. D., BELL, D. and ALVAREZ-FARIZO, B. (2003). Valuing the benefits of coastal water quality improvements using contingent and real behaviour. Environmental and Resource Economics, 24 (3): 273-285.
26. HELLERSTEIN, D. M. (1991). Using count data models in travel cost analysis with aggregate data. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 73 (3): 860-867.
27. HOSKING, S. G. and DU PREEZ, M. (2004). A recreational valuation of the freshwater inflows into the Keurbooms Estuary by means of a contingent valuation study. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 7 (2): 280-298.
28. KAWABE, M. and OKA, T. (1996). Benefit from improvement of organic contamination of Tokyo bay. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 32 (11): 788-793.
29. LAMBERTH, S. and TURPIE, J. K. (2003). The role of Estuaries in South African Fisheries: Economic importance and management implications. African Journal of Marine Science, 25 (1): 131-157.
30. LAYMAN, R. C., BOYCE, J. R. and CRIDDLE, K. R. (1996). Economic valuation of the Chinook salmon sport fishery of the Gulkana River, Alaska, under current and alternate management plans. Land Economics, 72 (1): 113-128.
31. LE ROUX, R., NAHMAN, A., PILLAY, S., WEERTS, S. and REYERS, B. (2005). The Economic Impacts Associated with a Change in the Environmental Quality of the Kongweni Estuary at Margate, KZN. CSIR, Report No. ENV-S-C 2005-051, Stellenbosch, RSA.
32. LONG, J. S. and FREESE, J. (2001). Regression Models for Categorical Dependent Variables Using Stata. College Station, TX: Stata Press.
33. LOOMIS, J. B. (1997). Panel estimators to combine revealed and stated preference dichotomous choice data. Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 22 (2): 233-245.
34. MANN, B. Q., JAMES, N. C. and BECKLEY, L. E. (2002). An assessment of the recreational fishery in the St Lucia Estuarine System, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science, 24 (1): 263-279.
35. NAHMAN, A. (2006). Valuing Water Quality Changes in the Kongweni Estuary, South Africa, Using Contingent Behaviour Data. M.Sc. dissertation, University of Manchester, UK.
36. NAVRUD, S. and MUNGATANA, E. D. (1994). Environmental valuation in developing countries: The recreational value of wildlife viewing. Ecological Economics, 11 (2): 135-151.
37. PARSONS, G. R. (2003). The travel cost model. In P. A. Champ, K. J. Boyle and T. C. Brown (eds), A Primer on Nonmarket Valuation. Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
38. RIBAUDO, M. O. and EPP, D. J. (1984). The importance of sample discrimination in using the travel cost method to estimate the benefits of improved water quality. Land Economics, 60 (4): 397-403.
39. SHRESTHA, R. K., SEIDL, A. F. and MORAES, A. S. (2002). Value of recreational fishing in the Brazilian Pantanal: A travel cost analysis using count data models. Ecological Economics, 42 (1-2): 289-299.
40. SMITH, V. K. and KAORU, Y. (1990). Signals or noise? Explaining the variation in recreation benefit estimates. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 72 (2): 419-433.
41. SMITH, V. K., DESVOUSGES, W. H. and MCGIVNEY, M. P. (1983). Estimating water quality benefits: An econometric analysis. Southern Economic Journal, 50 (2): 422-437.
42. SMITH, V. K., PALMQUIST, R. B. and JAKUS, P. (1991). Combining Farrell frontier and Hedonic travel cost models for valuing changes in estuarine quality. Review of Economics & Statistics, 73 (4): 694-699.
43. THOMPSON, M. (1996). The standard land-cover classification scheme for remote-sensing application in South Africa. South African Journal of Science, 92 (11): 34-42.
44. TURPIE, J. K. (2004). South African National Spatial Biodiversity Assessment 2004: Estuary Component. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Technical Report Volume 3, Pretoria, RSA.
45. TURPIE, J. K. and JOUBERT, A. (2001). Estimating potential impacts of a change in river quality on the tourism value of Kruger national park: An application of travel cost, contingent and conjoint valuation methods. Water South Africa, 27 (3): 387-398.
46. TURPIE, J. K., CLARK, B., NAPIER, V., SAVY, C. and JOUBERT, A. (2005). The Economic Value of the Knysna Estuary, South Africa. Marine and Coastal Management, Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Cape Town, RSA.
47. UGU DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY (2005). Ugu District Municipality homepage. Available at: http://www.ugu.org.za [Cited 8 August 2006].
48. WARD, F. A. and BEAL, D. J. (2000). Valuing Nature with Travel Cost Models: A Manual. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
49. WILLIS, K. G. and GARROD, G. D. (1991). An individual travel cost method of evaluating forest recreation. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 42 (1): 33-42.
50. WHITEHEAD, J. C., HAAB, T. C. and HUANG, J. (2000). Measuring recreation benefits of quality improvements with revealed and stated preference data. Resource and Energy Economics, 22 (4): 339-354.
51. YEN, S. T. and ADAMOWICZ, W. L. (1993). Statistical properties of welfare measures from count-data models of recreation demand. Review of Agricultural Economics, 15 (2): 203-215.