메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 39, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 615-623

Trypanosoma cruzi in Brazilian Amazonia: Lineages TCI and TCIIa in wild primates, Rhodnius spp. and in humans with Chagas disease associated with oral transmission

Author keywords

Amazonia; Chagas disease; Cytochrome b; Evolution; Non human primates; Oral infection; Phylogeny; ssrDNA; Trypanosoma cruzi lineages TCI and TCIIa

Indexed keywords

BIOGEOGRAPHY; CHAGAS DISEASE; CYTOCHROME; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; DNA; HOMINID; INSECT; PATHOLOGY; PHYLOGENETICS; PHYLOGENY; PRIMATE; PROTOZOAN;

EID: 59749103952     PISSN: 00207519     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.09.015     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (111)

References (59)
  • 2
    • 0038494004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Miocardiopatia dilatada em pacientes com infecção chagásica crônica. Relato de dois casos fatais autóctones do Rio Negro, Estado do Amazonas
    • Albajar P., Laredo S.V., Terrazas M.B., and Coura J.R. Miocardiopatia dilatada em pacientes com infecção chagásica crônica. Relato de dois casos fatais autóctones do Rio Negro, Estado do Amazonas. Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop. 36 (2003) 401-407
    • (2003) Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop. , vol.36 , pp. 401-407
    • Albajar, P.1    Laredo, S.V.2    Terrazas, M.B.3    Coura, J.R.4
  • 3
    • 13844254074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update on Chagas disease in Venezuela - a review
    • Añez N., Crisante G., and Rojas A. Update on Chagas disease in Venezuela - a review. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 99 (2004) 781-787
    • (2004) Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz , vol.99 , pp. 781-787
    • Añez, N.1    Crisante, G.2    Rojas, A.3
  • 4
    • 0033256228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations from a satellite meeting
    • Anonymous. Recommendations from a satellite meeting. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 94 (1999) 429-432
    • (1999) Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz , vol.94 , pp. 429-432
  • 6
    • 0035676034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trypanosoma cruzi: a considerable phylogenetic divergence indicates that the agent of Chagas disease is indigenous to the native fauna of the United States
    • Barnabé C., Yaeger R., Pung O., and Tibayrenc M. Trypanosoma cruzi: a considerable phylogenetic divergence indicates that the agent of Chagas disease is indigenous to the native fauna of the United States. Exp. Parasitol. 99 (2001) 73-79
    • (2001) Exp. Parasitol. , vol.99 , pp. 73-79
    • Barnabé, C.1    Yaeger, R.2    Pung, O.3    Tibayrenc, M.4
  • 8
    • 0032720058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of two Trypanosoma cruzi subgroups inferred from rRNA genes can be correlated with the interchange of American mammalian faunas in the Cenozoic and has implications to pathogenicity and host specificity
    • Briones M.R., Souto R.P., Stolf B.S., and Zingales B. The evolution of two Trypanosoma cruzi subgroups inferred from rRNA genes can be correlated with the interchange of American mammalian faunas in the Cenozoic and has implications to pathogenicity and host specificity. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 30 (1999) 219-232
    • (1999) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.30 , pp. 219-232
    • Briones, M.R.1    Souto, R.P.2    Stolf, B.S.3    Zingales, B.4
  • 10
    • 0034881536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterisation of large and small subunit rRNA and mini-exon genes further supports the distinction of six Trypanosoma cruzi lineages
    • Brisse S., Verhoef J., and Tibayrenc M. Characterisation of large and small subunit rRNA and mini-exon genes further supports the distinction of six Trypanosoma cruzi lineages. Int. J. Parasitol. 31 (2001) 1218-1226
    • (2001) Int. J. Parasitol. , vol.31 , pp. 1218-1226
    • Brisse, S.1    Verhoef, J.2    Tibayrenc, M.3
  • 11
    • 0033954610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of six Trypanosoma cruzi phylogenetic lineages by random amplified polymorphic DNA and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis
    • Brisse S., Barnabe C., and Tibayrenc M. Identification of six Trypanosoma cruzi phylogenetic lineages by random amplified polymorphic DNA and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. Int. J. Parasitol. 30 (2000) 35-44
    • (2000) Int. J. Parasitol. , vol.30 , pp. 35-44
    • Brisse, S.1    Barnabe, C.2    Tibayrenc, M.3
  • 14
    • 36348992108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chagas disease: What is know and what is needed - A background article
    • Coura J.R. Chagas disease: What is know and what is needed - A background article. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 102 (2007) 113-122
    • (2007) Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz , vol.102 , pp. 113-122
    • Coura, J.R.1
  • 16
    • 0032892643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The complexity of sylvatic cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi in the Rio de Janeiro Sate (Brazil) revealed by the non-transcribed spacer of the mini-exon gene
    • Fernandes O., Mangia R.H., Lisboa C.V., Pinho A.P., Morel C.M., Zingales B., Campbell D., and Jansen A.M. The complexity of sylvatic cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi in the Rio de Janeiro Sate (Brazil) revealed by the non-transcribed spacer of the mini-exon gene. Parasitology 118 (1999) 161-1666
    • (1999) Parasitology , vol.118 , pp. 161-1666
    • Fernandes, O.1    Mangia, R.H.2    Lisboa, C.V.3    Pinho, A.P.4    Morel, C.M.5    Zingales, B.6    Campbell, D.7    Jansen, A.M.8
  • 18
    • 0032168071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mini-exon gene: a genetic marker for zymodeme III of Trypanosoma cruzi
    • Fernandes O., Sturm N.R., Derré R., and Campbell D.A. The mini-exon gene: a genetic marker for zymodeme III of Trypanosoma cruzi. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 95 (1998) 129-133
    • (1998) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.95 , pp. 129-133
    • Fernandes, O.1    Sturm, N.R.2    Derré, R.3    Campbell, D.A.4
  • 21
    • 0034222715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ecotopes and evolution of triatomine bugs (triatominae) and their associated trypanosomes
    • Gaunt M., and Miles M. The ecotopes and evolution of triatomine bugs (triatominae) and their associated trypanosomes. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 95 (2000) 557-565
    • (2000) Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz , vol.95 , pp. 557-565
    • Gaunt, M.1    Miles, M.2
  • 22
    • 34247244721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trypanosoma cruzi prevalence and epidemiologic trends in lemurs on St. Catherines Island, Georgia
    • Hall C.A., Polizzi C., Yabsley M.J., and Norton T.M. Trypanosoma cruzi prevalence and epidemiologic trends in lemurs on St. Catherines Island, Georgia. J. Parasitol. 93 (2007) 93-96
    • (2007) J. Parasitol. , vol.93 , pp. 93-96
    • Hall, C.A.1    Polizzi, C.2    Yabsley, M.J.3    Norton, T.M.4
  • 23
    • 14944346907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trypanosoma cruzi infection in wild mammals of the National Park 'Serra da Capivara' and its surroundings (Piaui, Brazil), an area endemic for Chagas disease
    • Herrera L., D'Andrea P.S., Xavier S.C., Mangia R.H., Fernandes O., and Jansen A.M. Trypanosoma cruzi infection in wild mammals of the National Park 'Serra da Capivara' and its surroundings (Piaui, Brazil), an area endemic for Chagas disease. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 99 (2005) 379-388
    • (2005) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.99 , pp. 379-388
    • Herrera, L.1    D'Andrea, P.S.2    Xavier, S.C.3    Mangia, R.H.4    Fernandes, O.5    Jansen, A.M.6
  • 24
    • 0035207510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maximum-likelihood divergence date estimates based on rRNA gene sequences suggest two scenarios of Trypanosoma cruzi intraspecific evolution
    • Kawashita S.Y., Sanson G.F., Fernandes O., Zingales B., and Briones M.R. Maximum-likelihood divergence date estimates based on rRNA gene sequences suggest two scenarios of Trypanosoma cruzi intraspecific evolution. Mol. Biol. Evol. 18 (2001) 2250-2259
    • (2001) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.18 , pp. 2250-2259
    • Kawashita, S.Y.1    Sanson, G.F.2    Fernandes, O.3    Zingales, B.4    Briones, M.R.5
  • 25
    • 0018376746 scopus 로고
    • Chaga's disease in the Amazon Basin: 1. Trypanosoma cruzi infections in silvatic mammals, triatomine bugs and man in the State of Pará, north Brazil
    • Lainson R., Shaw J.J., Fraiha H., Miles M.A., and Draper C.C. Chaga's disease in the Amazon Basin: 1. Trypanosoma cruzi infections in silvatic mammals, triatomine bugs and man in the State of Pará, north Brazil. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 73 (1979) 193-204
    • (1979) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.73 , pp. 193-204
    • Lainson, R.1    Shaw, J.J.2    Fraiha, H.3    Miles, M.A.4    Draper, C.C.5
  • 28
    • 0035912819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide sequences provide evidence of genetic exchange among distantly related lineages of Trypanosoma cruzi
    • Machado C.A., and Ayala F.J. Nucleotide sequences provide evidence of genetic exchange among distantly related lineages of Trypanosoma cruzi. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 19 (2001) 7396-7401
    • (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A , vol.19 , pp. 7396-7401
    • Machado, C.A.1    Ayala, F.J.2
  • 31
    • 8144223993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny, taxonomy and grouping of Trypanosoma rangeli isolates from man, triatomines and sylvatic mammals from widespread geographical origin based on SSU and ITS ribosomal sequences
    • Maia da Silva F., Noyes H., Campaner M., Junqueira A.C., Coura J.R., Añez N., Shaw J.J., Stevens J.R., and Teixeira M.M.G. Phylogeny, taxonomy and grouping of Trypanosoma rangeli isolates from man, triatomines and sylvatic mammals from widespread geographical origin based on SSU and ITS ribosomal sequences. Parasitology 129 (2004) 549-561
    • (2004) Parasitology , vol.129 , pp. 549-561
    • Maia da Silva, F.1    Noyes, H.2    Campaner, M.3    Junqueira, A.C.4    Coura, J.R.5    Añez, N.6    Shaw, J.J.7    Stevens, J.R.8    Teixeira, M.M.G.9
  • 32
    • 12144290211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of Trypanosoma rangeli and allied species from human, monkeys and other sylvatic mammals of the Brazilian Amazon disclosed a new group and a species-specific marker
    • Maia da Silva F., Rodrigues A.C., Campaner M., Takata C.S.A., Brigido M.C., Junqueira A.C.V., Coura J.R., Takeda G.F., Shaw J.J., and Teixeira M.M.G. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of Trypanosoma rangeli and allied species from human, monkeys and other sylvatic mammals of the Brazilian Amazon disclosed a new group and a species-specific marker. Parasitology 128 (2004) 283-294
    • (2004) Parasitology , vol.128 , pp. 283-294
    • Maia da Silva, F.1    Rodrigues, A.C.2    Campaner, M.3    Takata, C.S.A.4    Brigido, M.C.5    Junqueira, A.C.V.6    Coura, J.R.7    Takeda, G.F.8    Shaw, J.J.9    Teixeira, M.M.G.10
  • 35
    • 0037757979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American trypanosomiasis (Chagas' disease) and the role of molecular epidemiology in guiding control strategies
    • Miles M.A., Feliciangeli M.D., and de Arias A.R. American trypanosomiasis (Chagas' disease) and the role of molecular epidemiology in guiding control strategies. Brit. Med. J. 28 (2003) 1444-1448
    • (2003) Brit. Med. J. , vol.28 , pp. 1444-1448
    • Miles, M.A.1    Feliciangeli, M.D.2    de Arias, A.R.3
  • 36
    • 0019739903 scopus 로고
    • Chaga's disease in the Amazon Basin: II. The distribution of Trypanosoma cruzi zymodemes 1 and 3 in Pará State, north Brazil
    • Miles M.A., Povoa M.M., de Souza A.A., Lainson R., Shaw J.J., and Ketteridge D.S. Chaga's disease in the Amazon Basin: II. The distribution of Trypanosoma cruzi zymodemes 1 and 3 in Pará State, north Brazil. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 75 (1981) 667-674
    • (1981) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.75 , pp. 667-674
    • Miles, M.A.1    Povoa, M.M.2    de Souza, A.A.3    Lainson, R.4    Shaw, J.J.5    Ketteridge, D.S.6
  • 37
    • 0019423055 scopus 로고
    • Do radically dissimilar Trypanosoma cruzi strains (zymodemes) cause Venezuelan and Brazilian forms of Chagas' disease?
    • Miles M.A., Cedillos R.A., Povoa M.M., de Souza A.A., Prata A., and Macedo V. Do radically dissimilar Trypanosoma cruzi strains (zymodemes) cause Venezuelan and Brazilian forms of Chagas' disease?. Lancet 20 (1981) 1338-1340
    • (1981) Lancet , vol.20 , pp. 1338-1340
    • Miles, M.A.1    Cedillos, R.A.2    Povoa, M.M.3    de Souza, A.A.4    Prata, A.5    Macedo, V.6
  • 39
    • 0017854251 scopus 로고
    • Isozymic heterogeneity of Trypanosoma cruzi in the first autochthonous patients with Chagas' disease in Amazonian Brazil
    • Miles M.A., Souza A., Povoa M., Shaw J.J., Lainson R., and Toye P.J. Isozymic heterogeneity of Trypanosoma cruzi in the first autochthonous patients with Chagas' disease in Amazonian Brazil. Nature 27 (1978) 819-821
    • (1978) Nature , vol.27 , pp. 819-821
    • Miles, M.A.1    Souza, A.2    Povoa, M.3    Shaw, J.J.4    Lainson, R.5    Toye, P.J.6
  • 40
    • 33645914430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical, biochemical, and electrocardiographic aspects of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in free-ranging golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia)
    • Monteiro R.V., Baldez J., Dietz J., Baker A., Lisboa C.V., and Jansen A.M. Clinical, biochemical, and electrocardiographic aspects of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in free-ranging golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia). J. Med. Primatol. 35 (2006) 48-55
    • (2006) J. Med. Primatol. , vol.35 , pp. 48-55
    • Monteiro, R.V.1    Baldez, J.2    Dietz, J.3    Baker, A.4    Lisboa, C.V.5    Jansen, A.M.6
  • 41
    • 34548315905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic clustering of Trypanosoma cruzi I lineage evidenced by intergenic miniexon gene sequencing
    • O'Connor O., Bosseno M.F., Barnabé C., Douzery E.J., and Brenière S.F. Genetic clustering of Trypanosoma cruzi I lineage evidenced by intergenic miniexon gene sequencing. Infect. Genet. Evol. 7 (2007) 587-593
    • (2007) Infect. Genet. Evol. , vol.7 , pp. 587-593
    • O'Connor, O.1    Bosseno, M.F.2    Barnabé, C.3    Douzery, E.J.4    Brenière, S.F.5
  • 42
    • 33947168263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trypanosoma cruzi: exploring the nuclear genome of zymodeme 3 stocks by chromosome size polymorphism
    • Pedroso A., Cupolillo E., and Zingales B. Trypanosoma cruzi: exploring the nuclear genome of zymodeme 3 stocks by chromosome size polymorphism. Exp. Parasitol. 116 (2007) 71-76
    • (2007) Exp. Parasitol. , vol.116 , pp. 71-76
    • Pedroso, A.1    Cupolillo, E.2    Zingales, B.3
  • 43
    • 25144467057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging acute Chagas disease in Amazonian Brazil: case reports with serious cardiac involvement
    • Pinto A.Y., Valente S.A., and Valente V.d.C. Emerging acute Chagas disease in Amazonian Brazil: case reports with serious cardiac involvement. Braz. J. Infect. Dis. 8 (2004) 454-460
    • (2004) Braz. J. Infect. Dis. , vol.8 , pp. 454-460
    • Pinto, A.Y.1    Valente, S.A.2    Valente, V.d.C.3
  • 44
    • 0021703478 scopus 로고
    • Chagas' disease in the Amazon basin IV. Host records of Trypanosoma cruzi zymodemes in the states of Amazonas and Rondonia, Brazil
    • Póvoa M.M., de Souza A.A., Naiff R.D., Arias J.R., Naiff M.F., Biancardi C.B., and Miles M.A. Chagas' disease in the Amazon basin IV. Host records of Trypanosoma cruzi zymodemes in the states of Amazonas and Rondonia, Brazil. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 78 (1984) 479-487
    • (1984) Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. , vol.78 , pp. 479-487
    • Póvoa, M.M.1    de Souza, A.A.2    Naiff, R.D.3    Arias, J.R.4    Naiff, M.F.5    Biancardi, C.B.6    Miles, M.A.7
  • 46
    • 21044438366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trypanosoma cruzi isolates from Mexican and Guatemalan acute and chronic chagasic cardiopathy patients belong to Trypanosoma cruzi I
    • Ruíz-Sánchez R., León M.P., Matta V., Reyes P.A., López R., Jay D., and Monteón V.M. Trypanosoma cruzi isolates from Mexican and Guatemalan acute and chronic chagasic cardiopathy patients belong to Trypanosoma cruzi I. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 100 (2005) 281-283
    • (2005) Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz , vol.100 , pp. 281-283
    • Ruíz-Sánchez, R.1    León, M.P.2    Matta, V.3    Reyes, P.A.4    López, R.5    Jay, D.6    Monteón, V.M.7
  • 47
    • 33847653416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predominance of Trypanosoma cruzi I among Panamanian sylvatic isolates
    • Samudio F., Ortega-Barría E., Saldaña A., and Calzada J. Predominance of Trypanosoma cruzi I among Panamanian sylvatic isolates. Acta Trop. 101 (2007) 178-181
    • (2007) Acta Trop. , vol.101 , pp. 178-181
    • Samudio, F.1    Ortega-Barría, E.2    Saldaña, A.3    Calzada, J.4
  • 48
    • 0032799745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trypanosoma rangeli: discrimination from Trypanosoma cruzi based on a variable domain from the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene
    • Souto R.P., Vargas N., and Zingales B. Trypanosoma rangeli: discrimination from Trypanosoma cruzi based on a variable domain from the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene. Exp. Parasitol. 91 (1999) 306-314
    • (1999) Exp. Parasitol. , vol.91 , pp. 306-314
    • Souto, R.P.1    Vargas, N.2    Zingales, B.3
  • 52
    • 0020670968 scopus 로고
    • A genetic comparison between Brazilian and Bolivian zymodemes of Trypanosoma cruzi
    • Tibayrenc M., and Miles M.A. A genetic comparison between Brazilian and Bolivian zymodemes of Trypanosoma cruzi. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 77 (1983) 76-83
    • (1983) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.77 , pp. 76-83
    • Tibayrenc, M.1    Miles, M.A.2
  • 53
    • 0033256936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Considerations on the epidemiology of Chagas Disease in the Brazilian Amazon
    • Valente S.A.S., Valente V.C., and Fraiha Neto H. Considerations on the epidemiology of Chagas Disease in the Brazilian Amazon. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 94 (1999) 395-398
    • (1999) Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz , vol.94 , pp. 395-398
    • Valente, S.A.S.1    Valente, V.C.2    Fraiha Neto, H.3
  • 54
    • 0032013724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chagas disease in the Amazon Basin: association of Panstrongylus geniculatus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) with domestic pigs
    • Valente V.C., Valente S.A., Noireau F., Carrasco H.J., and Miles M.A. Chagas disease in the Amazon Basin: association of Panstrongylus geniculatus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) with domestic pigs. J. Med. Entomol. 35 (1998) 99-103
    • (1998) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.35 , pp. 99-103
    • Valente, V.C.1    Valente, S.A.2    Noireau, F.3    Carrasco, H.J.4    Miles, M.A.5
  • 55
    • 33646677470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic chagasic cardiopathy in the Rio Negro, Amazon State. Report of three new autochthonous cases confirmed by serology, clinical examination, chest X-rays, electro and echocardiography
    • Xavier S.S., Sousa A.S., Viñas P.A., Junqueira A.C., Bóia M.N., and Coura J.R. Chronic chagasic cardiopathy in the Rio Negro, Amazon State. Report of three new autochthonous cases confirmed by serology, clinical examination, chest X-rays, electro and echocardiography. Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop. 39 (2006) 211-216
    • (2006) Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop. , vol.39 , pp. 211-216
    • Xavier, S.S.1    Sousa, A.S.2    Viñas, P.A.3    Junqueira, A.C.4    Bóia, M.N.5    Coura, J.R.6
  • 56
    • 0031173772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The infection rates of trypanosomes in squirrel monkeys at two sites in the Brazilian Amazon
    • Ziccardi M., and Lourenço-de-Oliveira R. The infection rates of trypanosomes in squirrel monkeys at two sites in the Brazilian Amazon. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 92 (1997) 465-470
    • (1997) Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz , vol.92 , pp. 465-470
    • Ziccardi, M.1    Lourenço-de-Oliveira, R.2
  • 58
    • 31544467265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two hybridization events define the population structure of Trypanosoma cruzi
    • Westenberger S.J., Barnabé C., Campbell D.A., and Sturn N.R. Two hybridization events define the population structure of Trypanosoma cruzi. Genetics 171 (2005) 527-543
    • (2005) Genetics , vol.171 , pp. 527-543
    • Westenberger, S.J.1    Barnabé, C.2    Campbell, D.A.3    Sturn, N.R.4
  • 59
    • 33644852003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trypanosoma cruzi 5S rRNA arrays define five groups and indicate the geographic origins of an ancestor of the heterozygous hybrids
    • Westenberger S.J., Sturm N.R., and Campbell D.A. Trypanosoma cruzi 5S rRNA arrays define five groups and indicate the geographic origins of an ancestor of the heterozygous hybrids. Int. J. Parasitol. 36 (2006) 337-346
    • (2006) Int. J. Parasitol. , vol.36 , pp. 337-346
    • Westenberger, S.J.1    Sturm, N.R.2    Campbell, D.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.