메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 247, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 349-361

Intraorbital optic nerve stimulation with penetrating electrodes: In vivo electrophysiology study in rabbits

Author keywords

EEPs (electrically evoked potentials); Electrophysiology; Optic nerve; Penetrating electrodes; VEPs (visually evoked potentials); Visual prosthesis

Indexed keywords

ACTION POTENTIAL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTRICALLY EVOKED POTENTIAL; ELECTRODE; ELECTROSTIMULATION; EVOKED CORTICAL RESPONSE; EVOKED VISUAL RESPONSE; EXPERIMENTAL RABBIT; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; INTRAORBITAL OPTIC NERVE STIMULATION; LATENT PERIOD; NERVE STIMULATION; NERVOUS SYSTEM ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; NONHUMAN; PENETRATING ELECTRODE; PERCEPTIVE THRESHOLD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STIMULUS RESPONSE; WAVEFORM;

EID: 59749096726     PISSN: 0721832X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00417-008-0977-2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (30)

References (52)
  • 1
    • 0034001259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multielectrode array for intrafascicular recording and stimulation in sciatic nerve of cats
    • doi: 10.1016/S0361-9230(99)00231-2
    • Branner A, Normann RA (2000) A multielectrode array for intrafascicular recording and stimulation in sciatic nerve of cats. Brain Res Bull 51:293-306, doi: 10.1016/S0361-9230(99)00231-2
    • (2000) Brain Res Bull , vol.51 , pp. 293-306
    • Branner, A.1    Normann, R.A.2
  • 2
    • 0035068673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective stimulation of cat sciatic nerve using an array of varying-length microelectrodes
    • Branner A, Stein RB, Normann RA (2001) Selective stimulation of cat sciatic nerve using an array of varying-length microelectrodes. J Neurophysiol 85:1585-1594
    • (2001) J Neurophysiol , vol.85 , pp. 1585-1594
    • Branner, A.1    Stein, R.B.2    Normann, R.A.3
  • 3
    • 0030906537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subretinal electrical stimulation of the rabbit retina
    • doi: 10.1016/S0304-3940(97)00185-7
    • Chow AY, Chow VY (1997) Subretinal electrical stimulation of the rabbit retina. Neurosci Lett 225:13-16, doi: 10.1016/S0304-3940(97)00185-7
    • (1997) Neurosci Lett , vol.225 , pp. 13-16
    • Chow, A.Y.1    Chow, V.Y.2
  • 4
    • 1842582778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The artificial silicon retina microchip for the treatment of vision loss from retinitis pigmentosa
    • doi: 10.1001/archopht.122.4.460
    • Chow AY, Chow VY, Packo KH, Pollack JS, Peyman GA, Schuchard R (2004) The artificial silicon retina microchip for the treatment of vision loss from retinitis pigmentosa. Arch Ophthalmol 122:460-469, doi: 10.1001/ archopht.122.4.460
    • (2004) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.122 , pp. 460-469
    • Chow, A.Y.1    Chow, V.Y.2    Packo, K.H.3    Pollack, J.S.4    Peyman, G.A.5    Schuchard, R.6
  • 5
    • 0036223218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The microsystems based visual prosthesis for optic nerve stimulation
    • doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1594.2002.06939.x
    • Delbeke J, Wanet-Defalque MC, Gerard B, Troosters M, Michaux G, Veraart C (2002) The microsystems based visual prosthesis for optic nerve stimulation. Artif Organs 26:232-234, doi: 10.1046/ j.1525-1594.2002.06939.x
    • (2002) Artif Organs , vol.26 , pp. 232-234
    • Delbeke, J.1    Wanet-Defalque, M.C.2    Gerard, B.3    Troosters, M.4    Michaux, G.5    Veraart, C.6
  • 6
    • 33847620366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulation via a subretinally placed prosthetic elicits central activity and induces a trophic effect on visual responses
    • doi: 10.1167/iovs.06-0811
    • DeMarco PJ Jr, Yarbrough GL, Yee CW, McLean GY, Sagdullaev BT, Ball SL et al (2007) Stimulation via a subretinally placed prosthetic elicits central activity and induces a trophic effect on visual responses. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 48:916-926, doi: 10.1167/iovs.06-0811
    • (2007) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.48 , pp. 916-926
    • DeMarco Jr., P.J.1    Yarbrough, G.L.2    Yee, C.W.3    McLean, G.Y.4    Sagdullaev, B.T.5    Ball, S.L.6
  • 7
    • 0030826554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning retina implants with epiretinal contacts
    • Eckmuiller R (1997) Learning retina implants with epiretinal contacts. Ophthalmic Res 29:281-289
    • (1997) Ophthalmic Res , vol.29 , pp. 281-289
    • Eckmuiller, R.1
  • 8
    • 33646261657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological and histological studies of chronically implanted intrapapillary microelectrodes in rabbit eyes
    • doi: 10.1007/s00417-005-0073-9
    • Fang X, Sakaguchi H, Fujikado T, Osanai M, Ikuno Y, Kamei M et al (2006) Electrophysiological and histological studies of chronically implanted intrapapillary microelectrodes in rabbit eyes. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 244:364-375, doi: 10.1007/s00417-005-0073-9
    • (2006) Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol , vol.244 , pp. 364-375
    • Fang, X.1    Sakaguchi, H.2    Fujikado, T.3    Osanai, M.4    Ikuno, Y.5    Kamei, M.6
  • 9
    • 19944433006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct stimulation of optic nerve by electrodes implanted in optic disc of rabbit eyes
    • doi: 10.1007/s00417-004-0957-0
    • Fang X, Sakaguchi H, Fujikado T, Osanai M, Kanda H, Ikuno Y et al (2005) Direct stimulation of optic nerve by electrodes implanted in optic disc of rabbit eyes. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 243:49-56, doi: 10.1007/ s00417-004-0957-0
    • (2005) Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol , vol.243 , pp. 49-56
    • Fang, X.1    Sakaguchi, H.2    Fujikado, T.3    Osanai, M.4    Kanda, H.5    Ikuno, Y.6
  • 10
    • 0022569185 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the central retina and optic nerve function in media opacities
    • doi: 10.1007/BF00153017
    • Foerster M, Li X (1986) Evaluation of the central retina and optic nerve function in media opacities. Doc Ophthalmol 63:101-106, doi: 10.1007/ BF00153017
    • (1986) Doc Ophthalmol , vol.63 , pp. 101-106
    • Foerster, M.1    Li, X.2
  • 11
    • 0029329256 scopus 로고
    • Stimulus waveforms for selective neural stimulation
    • doi: 10.1109/51.395310
    • Grill WM, Mortimer JT (1995) Stimulus waveforms for selective neural stimulation. IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag 14:375-385, doi: 10.1109/51.395310
    • (1995) IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag , vol.14 , pp. 375-385
    • Grill, W.M.1    Mortimer, J.T.2
  • 14
    • 0013485320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical stimulation of the retina in patients with photoreceptor loss
    • Humayun M (1997) Electrical stimulation of the retina in patients with photoreceptor loss. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 38:S39
    • (1997) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.38
    • Humayun, M.1
  • 17
    • 33847649689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses of ganglion cells to repetitive electrical stimulation of the retina
    • doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/4/1/S01
    • Jensen RJ, Rizzo JF III (2007) Responses of ganglion cells to repetitive electrical stimulation of the retina. J Neural Eng 4:S1-S6, doi: 10.1088/ 1741-2560/4/1/S01
    • (2007) J Neural Eng , vol.4
    • Jensen, R.J.1    Rizzo III, J.F.2
  • 18
    • 22044436240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses of rabbit retinal ganglion cells to electrical stimulation with an epiretinal electrode
    • doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/2/1/003
    • Jensen RJ, Ziv OR, Rizzo JF III (2005) Responses of rabbit retinal ganglion cells to electrical stimulation with an epiretinal electrode. J Neural Eng 2:S16-S21, doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/2/1/003
    • (2005) J Neural Eng , vol.2
    • Jensen, R.J.1    Ziv, O.R.2    Rizzo III, J.F.3
  • 19
    • 18244377676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thresholds for activation of rabbit retinal ganglion cells with relatively large, extracellular microelectrodes
    • doi: 10.1167/iovs.04-1018
    • Jensen RJ, Ziv OR, Rizzo JF III (2005) Thresholds for activation of rabbit retinal ganglion cells with relatively large, extracellular microelectrodes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46:1486-1496, doi: 10.1167/ iovs.04-1018
    • (2005) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.46 , pp. 1486-1496
    • Jensen, R.J.1    Ziv, O.R.2    Rizzo III, J.F.3
  • 20
    • 0942287247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological studies of the feasibility of suprachoroidal-transretinal stimulation for artificial vision in normal and RCS rats
    • doi: 10.1167/iovs.02-1268
    • Kanda H, Morimoto T, Fujikado T, Tano Y, Fukuda Y, Sawai H (2004) Electrophysiological studies of the feasibility of suprachoroidal-transretinal stimulation for artificial vision in normal and RCS rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 45:560-566, doi: 10.1167/ iovs.02-1268
    • (2004) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.45 , pp. 560-566
    • Kanda, H.1    Morimoto, T.2    Fujikado, T.3    Tano, Y.4    Fukuda, Y.5    Sawai, H.6
  • 21
    • 0036672499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphometric analysis of the macula in eyes with geographic atrophy due to age-related macular degeneration
    • doi: 10.1097/00006982-200208000-00011
    • Kim SY, Sadda S, Humayun MS, De Juan E Jr, Melia BM, Green WR (2002) Morphometric analysis of the macula in eyes with geographic atrophy due to age-related macular degeneration. Retina 22:464-470, doi: 10.1097/ 00006982-200208000-00011
    • (2002) Retina , vol.22 , pp. 464-470
    • Kim, S.Y.1    Sadda, S.2    Humayun, M.S.3    De Juan Jr., E.4    Melia, B.M.5    Green, W.R.6
  • 22
    • 0036671377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphometric analysis of the macula in eyes with disciform age-related macular degeneration
    • doi: 10.1097/00006982-200208000-00012
    • Kim SY, Sadda S, Pearlman J, Humayun MS, De Juan E Jr, Melia BM et al (2002) Morphometric analysis of the macula in eyes with disciform age-related macular degeneration. Retina 22:471-477, doi: 10.1097/ 00006982-200208000-00012
    • (2002) Retina , vol.22 , pp. 471-477
    • Kim, S.Y.1    Sadda, S.2    Pearlman, J.3    Humayun, M.S.4    De Juan Jr., E.5    Melia, B.M.6
  • 23
    • 0026681119 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of age-related maculopathy: The Beaver Dam Eye Study
    • Klein R, Klein BEK, Linton KLP (1992) Prevalence of age-related maculopathy: The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology 99:933-943
    • (1992) Ophthalmology , vol.99 , pp. 933-943
    • Klein, R.1    Klein, B.E.K.2    Linton, K.L.P.3
  • 24
    • 9644279542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal properties of retinal ganglion cell responses to local transretinal current stimuli in the frog retina
    • doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2004.08.002
    • Li L, Hayashida Y, Yagi T (2005) Temporal properties of retinal ganglion cell responses to local transretinal current stimuli in the frog retina. Vision Res 45:263-273, doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2004.08.002
    • (2005) Vision Res , vol.45 , pp. 263-273
    • Li, L.1    Hayashida, Y.2    Yagi, T.3
  • 26
    • 0034802894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual prostheses
    • doi: 10.1146/annurev.bioeng.3.1.145
    • Maynard EM (2001) Visual prostheses. Ann Biomed Eng 3:145-168, doi: 10.1146/annurev.bioeng.3.1.145
    • (2001) Ann Biomed Eng , vol.3 , pp. 145-168
    • Maynard, E.M.1
  • 27
    • 0029294455 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between stimulus amplitude, stimulus frequency and neural damage during electrical stimulation of sciatic nerve of cat
    • doi: 10.1007/BF02510526
    • McCreery D, Agnew W, Yuen T, Bullara L (1995) Relationship between stimulus amplitude, stimulus frequency and neural damage during electrical stimulation of sciatic nerve of cat. Med Biol Eng Comput 33:426-429, doi: 10.1007/BF02510526
    • (1995) Med Biol Eng Comput , vol.33 , pp. 426-429
    • McCreery, D.1    Agnew, W.2    Yuen, T.3    Bullara, L.4
  • 28
    • 0025500717 scopus 로고
    • Charge density and charge per phase as cofactors in neural injury induced by electrical stimulation
    • doi: 10.1109/10.102812
    • McCreery DB, Agnew WF, Yuen TGH, Bullara L (1990) Charge density and charge per phase as cofactors in neural injury induced by electrical stimulation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 37:996-1001, doi: 10.1109/10.102812
    • (1990) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng , vol.37 , pp. 996-1001
    • McCreery, D.B.1    Agnew, W.F.2    Yuen, T.G.H.3    Bullara, L.4
  • 30
    • 50349096108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of C-Sight Visual Prosthesis Based on Optical Nerve Stimulation with Penetrating Electrode Array
    • doi: 10.1167/iovs.06-0717
    • Ren QS, Chai XY, Wu KJ, Zhou CQ (2007) Development of C-Sight Visual Prosthesis Based on Optical Nerve Stimulation with Penetrating Electrode Array. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 48:661, doi: 10.1167/iovs.06-0717
    • (2007) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.48 , pp. 661
    • Ren, Q.S.1    Chai, X.Y.2    Wu, K.J.3    Zhou, C.Q.4
  • 31
    • 17244380542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo electrical stimulation of rabbit retina with a microfabricated array: Strategies to maximize responses for prospective assessment of stimulus efficacy and biocompatibility
    • Rizzo JF III, Goldbaum S, Shahin M, Denison TJ, Wyatt J (2004) In vivo electrical stimulation of rabbit retina with a microfabricated array: Strategies to maximize responses for prospective assessment of stimulus efficacy and biocompatibility. Restor Neurol Neurosci 22:429-443
    • (2004) Restor Neurol Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 429-443
    • Rizzo III, J.F.1    Goldbaum, S.2    Shahin, M.3    Denison, T.J.4    Wyatt, J.5
  • 32
    • 3042885534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospects for a visual prosthesis
    • doi: 10.1177/107385849700300413
    • Rizzo JF III, Wyatt J (1997) Prospects for a visual prosthesis. Neuroscientist 3:251-262, doi: 10.1177/107385849700300413
    • (1997) Neuroscientist , vol.3 , pp. 251-262
    • Rizzo III, J.F.1    Wyatt, J.2
  • 33
    • 0035175151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retinal prosthesis: An encouraging first decade with major challenges ahead: Editorial
    • doi: 10.1016/S0161-6420(00)00430-9
    • Rizzo JF III, Wyatt J, Humayun M, De Juan E, Liu W, Chow A et al (2001) Retinal prosthesis: An encouraging first decade with major challenges ahead: Editorial. Ophthalmology 108:13-14, doi: 10.1016/ S0161-6420(00)00430-9
    • (2001) Ophthalmology , vol.108 , pp. 13-14
    • Rizzo III, J.F.1    Wyatt, J.2    Humayun, M.3    De Juan, E.4    Liu, W.5    Chow, A.6
  • 34
    • 0345014794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methods and perceptual thresholds for short-term electrical stimulation of human retina with microelectrode arrays
    • doi: 10.1167/iovs.02-0819
    • Rizzo JF III, Wyatt J, Loewenstein J, Kelly S, Shire D (2003) Methods and perceptual thresholds for short-term electrical stimulation of human retina with microelectrode arrays. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 44:5355-5361, doi: 10.1167/iovs.02-0819
    • (2003) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.44 , pp. 5355-5361
    • Rizzo III, J.F.1    Wyatt, J.2    Loewenstein, J.3    Kelly, S.4    Shire, D.5
  • 35
    • 0345445897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceptual efficacy of electrical stimulation of human retina with a microelectrode array during short-term surgical trials
    • doi: 10.1167/iovs.02-0817
    • Rizzo JF III, Wyatt J, Loewenstein J, Kelly S, Shire D (2003) Perceptual efficacy of electrical stimulation of human retina with a microelectrode array during short-term surgical trials. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 44:5362-5369, doi: 10.1167/iovs.02-0817
    • (2003) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.44 , pp. 5362-5369
    • Rizzo III, J.F.1    Wyatt, J.2    Loewenstein, J.3    Kelly, S.4    Shire, D.5
  • 36
    • 0034766017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Far-field responses to stimulation of the cochlear nucleus by microsurgically placed penetrating and surface electrodes in the cat
    • Rosahl SK, Mark G, Herzog M, Pantazis C, Gharabaghi F, Matthies C et al (2001) Far-field responses to stimulation of the cochlear nucleus by microsurgically placed penetrating and surface electrodes in the cat. J Neurosurg 95:845-852
    • (2001) J Neurosurg , vol.95 , pp. 845-852
    • Rosahl, S.K.1    Mark, G.2    Herzog, M.3    Pantazis, C.4    Gharabaghi, F.5    Matthies, C.6
  • 38
    • 19944427795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical stimulation with a needle-type electrode inserted into the optic nerve in rabbit eyes
    • doi: 10.1007/s10384-004-0114-7
    • Sakaguchi H, Fujikado T, Kanda H, Osanai M, Fang X, Nakauchi K et al (2004) Electrical stimulation with a needle-type electrode inserted into the optic nerve in rabbit eyes. Jpn J Ophthalmol 48:552-557, doi: 10.1007/s10384-004-0114-7
    • (2004) Jpn J Ophthalmol , vol.48 , pp. 552-557
    • Sakaguchi, H.1    Fujikado, T.2    Kanda, H.3    Osanai, M.4    Fang, X.5    Nakauchi, K.6
  • 40
    • 0026848792 scopus 로고
    • A model of safe levels for electrical stimulation
    • doi: 10.1109/10.126616
    • Shannon RV (1992) A model of safe levels for electrical stimulation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 39:424-426, doi: 10.1109/10.126616
    • (1992) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng , vol.39 , pp. 424-426
    • Shannon, R.V.1
  • 41
    • 0032583236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual sensations produced by optic nerve stimulation using an implanted self-sizing spiral cuff electrode
    • doi: 10.1016/S0006-8993(98)00977-9
    • Veraart C, Raftopoulos C, Mortimer JT, Delbeke J, Pins D, Michaux G et al (1998) Visual sensations produced by optic nerve stimulation using an implanted self-sizing spiral cuff electrode. Brain Res 813:181-186, doi: 10.1016/S0006-8993(98)00977-9
    • (1998) Brain Res , vol.813 , pp. 181-186
    • Veraart, C.1    Raftopoulos, C.2    Mortimer, J.T.3    Delbeke, J.4    Pins, D.5    Michaux, G.6
  • 42
    • 0242438825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pattern recognition with the optic nerve visual prosthesis
    • doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1594.2003.07305.x
    • Veraart C, Wanet-Defalque MC, Gérard B, Vanlierde A, Delbeke J (2003) Pattern recognition with the optic nerve visual prosthesis. Artif Organs 27:996-1004, doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1594.2003.07305.x
    • (2003) Artif Organs , vol.27 , pp. 996-1004
    • Veraart, C.1    Wanet-Defalque, M.C.2    Gérard, B.3    Vanlierde, A.4    Delbeke, J.5
  • 43
    • 0034069404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evoked cortical potentials after electrical stimulation of the inner retina in rabbits
    • doi: 10.1007/s004170050358
    • Walter P, Heimann K (2000) Evoked cortical potentials after electrical stimulation of the inner retina in rabbits. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 238:315-318, doi: 10.1007/s004170050358
    • (2000) Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol , vol.238 , pp. 315-318
    • Walter, P.1    Heimann, K.2
  • 45
    • 23844491146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retinal prosthesis
    • doi: 10.1146/annurev.bioeng.7.060804.100435
    • Weiland JD, Liu W, Humayun MS (2005) Retinal prosthesis. Ann Biomed Eng 7:361-401, doi: 10.1146/annurev.bioeng.7.060804.100435
    • (2005) Ann Biomed Eng , vol.7 , pp. 361-401
    • Weiland, J.D.1    Liu, W.2    Humayun, M.S.3
  • 46
    • 0037039812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Will retinal implants restore vision?
    • doi: 10.1126/science.1067996
    • Zrenner E (2002) Will retinal implants restore vision? Science 295:1022-1025, doi: 10.1126/science.1067996
    • (2002) Science , vol.295 , pp. 1022-1025
    • Zrenner, E.1
  • 47
  • 48
    • 0032943727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can subretinal microphotodiodes successfully replace degenerated photoreceptors
    • doi: 10.1016/S0042-6989(98)00312-5
    • Zrenner E, Stett A, Weiss S, Aramant RB, Guenther E, Kohler K et al (1999) Can subretinal microphotodiodes successfully replace degenerated photoreceptors. Vision Res 39:2555-2567, doi: 10.1016/ S0042-6989(98)00312-5
    • (1999) Vision Res , vol.39 , pp. 2555-2567
    • Zrenner, E.1    Stett, A.2    Weiss, S.3    Aramant, R.B.4    Guenther, E.5    Kohler, K.6
  • 49
    • 4344581433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subretinal electrical stimulation of the rabbit retina with acutely implanted electrode arrays
    • doi: 10.1007/s00417-004-0862-6
    • Gekeler F, Kobuch K, Schwahn HN, Stett A, Shinoda K, Zrenner E (2004) Subretinal electrical stimulation of the rabbit retina with acutely implanted electrode arrays. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 242:587-596, doi: 10.1007/s00417-004-0862-6
    • (2004) Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol , vol.242 , pp. 587-596
    • Gekeler, F.1    Kobuch, K.2    Schwahn, H.N.3    Stett, A.4    Shinoda, K.5    Zrenner, E.6
  • 50
    • 0035660576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies on the feasibility of a subretinal visual prosthesis: Data from Yucatan micropig and rabbit
    • doi: 10.1007/s004170100368
    • Schwahn HN, Gekeler F, Kohler K, Kobuch K, Sachs HG, Schulmeyer F et al (2001) Studies on the feasibility of a subretinal visual prosthesis: data from Yucatan micropig and rabbit. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 239:961-967, doi: 10.1007/s004170100368
    • (2001) Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol , vol.239 , pp. 961-967
    • Schwahn, H.N.1    Gekeler, F.2    Kohler, K.3    Kobuch, K.4    Sachs, H.G.5    Schulmeyer, F.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.