메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 29, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 467-474

The effect of prenatal drug exposure and caregiving context on children's performance on a task of sustained visual attention

Author keywords

Conners' CPT; Prenatal drug exposure; Sustained visual attention

Indexed keywords

ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT; ARTICLE; AUTOREGULATION; BIRTH WEIGHT; CAREGIVER SUPPORT; CHILD; CHILD BEHAVIOR; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG ABUSE; FEMALE; GESTATIONAL AGE; HUMAN; LOWEST INCOME GROUP; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MATERNAL CARE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGY; PRENATAL DRUG EXPOSURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCHOOL CHILD; TASK PERFORMANCE; URBAN AREA; ADDICTION; ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ATTENTION; CAREGIVER; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; CLINICAL TRIAL; COGNITION; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; FOLLOW UP; MOTHER CHILD RELATION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PREGNANCY; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; PSYCHOLOGIC TEST; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RISK FACTOR; SOCIOECONOMICS; STATISTICS; VISION;

EID: 59149097541     PISSN: 0196206X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181903168     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (26)

References (57)
  • 2
    • 0035962058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth, development, and behavior in early childhood following prenatal cocaine exposure: A systematic review
    • Frank DA, Augustyn M, Knight WG, Pell T, Zuckerman B. Growth, development, and behavior in early childhood following prenatal cocaine exposure: a systematic review. JAMA. 2001;285: 1613-1625.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , pp. 1613-1625
    • Frank, D.A.1    Augustyn, M.2    Knight, W.G.3    Pell, T.4    Zuckerman, B.5
  • 3
    • 4344592937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal cocaine exposure: A comparison of 2-year-old children in parental and nonparental care
    • Brown JV, Bakeman R, Coles CD, Platzman KA, Lynch ME. Prenatal cocaine exposure: a comparison of 2-year-old children in parental and nonparental care. Child Dev. 2004;75:1282-1295.
    • (2004) Child Dev , vol.75 , pp. 1282-1295
    • Brown, J.V.1    Bakeman, R.2    Coles, C.D.3    Platzman, K.A.4    Lynch, M.E.5
  • 5
    • 34250629124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of prenatal cocaine exposure on attention and response inhibition as assessed by continuous performance tests
    • Accornero VH, Amado AJ, Morrow CE, Xue L, Anthony JC, Bandstra ES. Impact of prenatal cocaine exposure on attention and response inhibition as assessed by continuous performance tests. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2007;28:195-205.
    • (2007) J Dev Behav Pediatr , vol.28 , pp. 195-205
    • Accornero, V.H.1    Amado, A.J.2    Morrow, C.E.3    Xue, L.4    Anthony, J.C.5    Bandstra, E.S.6
  • 6
    • 2342515382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children prenatally exposed to cocaine: Developmental outcomes and environmental risks at seven years of age
    • Arendt R, Short E, Singer LT, et al. Children prenatally exposed to cocaine: developmental outcomes and environmental risks at seven years of age. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2004;25:83-90.
    • (2004) J Dev Behav Pediatr , vol.25 , pp. 83-90
    • Arendt, R.1    Short, E.2    Singer, L.T.3
  • 8
    • 43849093792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children's cognitive-behavioral functioning at age 6 and 7: Prenatal drug exposure and caregiving environment
    • Nair P, Black M, Ackerman J, Schuler M, Keane V. Children's cognitive-behavioral functioning at age 6 and 7: prenatal drug exposure and caregiving environment. Ambul Pediatr. 2008;8: 154-162.
    • (2008) Ambul Pediatr , vol.8 , pp. 154-162
    • Nair, P.1    Black, M.2    Ackerman, J.3    Schuler, M.4    Keane, V.5
  • 9
    • 2442691527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive outcomes of preschool children with prenatal cocaine exposure
    • Singer LT, Minnes S, Short E, et al. Cognitive outcomes of preschool children with prenatal cocaine exposure. JAMA. 2004; 291:2448-2456.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.291 , pp. 2448-2456
    • Singer, L.T.1    Minnes, S.2    Short, E.3
  • 10
    • 2542515460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The maternal lifestyle study: Cognitive, motor, and behavioral outcomes of cocaine-exposed and opiate-exposed infants through three years of age
    • Messinger DS, Bauer CR, Das A, et al. The maternal lifestyle study: cognitive, motor, and behavioral outcomes of cocaine-exposed and opiate-exposed infants through three years of age. Pediatrics. 2004;113:1677-1685.
    • (2004) Pediatrics , vol.113 , pp. 1677-1685
    • Messinger, D.S.1    Bauer, C.R.2    Das, A.3
  • 11
    • 33947104549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of prenatal cocaine exposure on child behavior problems through school age
    • Bada HS, Das A, Bauer CR, et al. Impact of prenatal cocaine exposure on child behavior problems through school age. Pediatrics. 2007;119:e348-e359.
    • (2007) Pediatrics , vol.119
    • Bada, H.S.1    Das, A.2    Bauer, C.R.3
  • 12
    • 0035711776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal investigation of task persistence and sustained attention in children with prenatal cocaine exposure
    • Bandstra ES, Morrow CE, Anthony JC, Accornero VH, Fried PA. Longitudinal investigation of task persistence and sustained attention in children with prenatal cocaine exposure. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2001;23:545-559.
    • (2001) Neurotoxicol Teratol , vol.23 , pp. 545-559
    • Bandstra, E.S.1    Morrow, C.E.2    Anthony, J.C.3    Accornero, V.H.4    Fried, P.A.5
  • 13
    • 0028860257 scopus 로고
    • Vagal tone regulation during sustained attention in boys exposed to opiates in utero
    • Hickey JE, Suess PE, Newlin DB, Spurgeon L, Porges SW. Vagal tone regulation during sustained attention in boys exposed to opiates in utero. Addict Behav. 1995;20:43-59.
    • (1995) Addict Behav , vol.20 , pp. 43-59
    • Hickey, J.E.1    Suess, P.E.2    Newlin, D.B.3    Spurgeon, L.4    Porges, S.W.5
  • 14
    • 15944429305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attentional functioning and impulse control in cocaine-exposed and control children at age ten years
    • Savage J, Brodsky NL, Malmud E, Giannetta JM, Hurt H. Attentional functioning and impulse control in cocaine-exposed and control children at age ten years. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2005;26:42-47.
    • (2005) J Dev Behav Pediatr , vol.26 , pp. 42-47
    • Savage, J.1    Brodsky, N.L.2    Malmud, E.3    Giannetta, J.M.4    Hurt, H.5
  • 15
    • 29444448789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal cocaine exposure and children's language functioning at 6 and 9.5 years: Moderating effects of child age, birthweight, and gender
    • Beeghly M, Martin B, Rose-Jacobs R, et al. Prenatal cocaine exposure and children's language functioning at 6 and 9.5 years: Moderating effects of child age, birthweight, and gender. J Pediatr Psychol. 2006;31:98-115.
    • (2006) J Pediatr Psychol , vol.31 , pp. 98-115
    • Beeghly, M.1    Martin, B.2    Rose-Jacobs, R.3
  • 16
    • 0030914178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual attention in children with prenatal cocaine exposure
    • Heffelfinger A, Craft S, Shyken J. Visual attention in children with prenatal cocaine exposure. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 1997;3:237- 245.
    • (1997) J Int Neuropsychol Soc , vol.3 , pp. 237-245
    • Heffelfinger, A.1    Craft, S.2    Shyken, J.3
  • 17
    • 0031880782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of arousal and attention in preschool children exposed to cocaine prenatally
    • Mayes LC, Grillon C, Granger R, Schottenfeld R. Regulation of arousal and attention in preschool children exposed to cocaine prenatally. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998;846:126-143.
    • (1998) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.846 , pp. 126-143
    • Mayes, L.C.1    Grillon, C.2    Granger, R.3    Schottenfeld, R.4
  • 18
    • 20444374788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal drug exposure and selective attention in preschoolers
    • Noland JS, Singer LT, Short EJ, et al. Prenatal drug exposure and selective attention in preschoolers. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2005; 27:429-438.
    • (2005) Neurotoxicol Teratol , vol.27 , pp. 429-438
    • Noland, J.S.1    Singer, L.T.2    Short, E.J.3
  • 19
    • 0030292729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal cocaine exposure: Effects on the development of school-age children
    • Richardson GA, Conroy ML, Day NL. Prenatal cocaine exposure: Effects on the development of school-age children. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1996;18:627-634.
    • (1996) Neurotoxicol Teratol , vol.18 , pp. 627-634
    • Richardson, G.A.1    Conroy, M.L.2    Day, N.L.3
  • 20
    • 0032893118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of action of drugs of abuse on the developing fetal brain
    • Malanga C, Kosofsky B. Mechanisms of action of drugs of abuse on the developing fetal brain. Clin Perinatol. 1999;26:17-37.
    • (1999) Clin Perinatol , vol.26 , pp. 17-37
    • Malanga, C.1    Kosofsky, B.2
  • 21
    • 0036252697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A behavioral teratogenic model of the impact of prenatal cocaine exposure on arousal regulatory systems
    • Mayes LC. A behavioral teratogenic model of the impact of prenatal cocaine exposure on arousal regulatory systems. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2002;24:385-395.
    • (2002) Neurotoxicol Teratol , vol.24 , pp. 385-395
    • Mayes, L.C.1
  • 22
    • 0028925969 scopus 로고
    • Cocaine inhibits central noradrenergic and dopaminergic activity during the critical developmental period in which catecholamines influence cell development
    • Seidler FJ, Temple SW, McCook EC, Slotkin TA. Cocaine inhibits central noradrenergic and dopaminergic activity during the critical developmental period in which catecholamines influence cell development. Dev Brain Res. 1995;85:48-53.
    • (1995) Dev Brain Res , vol.85 , pp. 48-53
    • Seidler, F.J.1    Temple, S.W.2    McCook, E.C.3    Slotkin, T.A.4
  • 23
    • 0035801321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal cocaine exposure produces consistent developmental alterations in dopamine-rich regions of the cerebral cortex
    • Stanwood GD, Washington RA, Shumsky JS, Levitt P. Prenatal cocaine exposure produces consistent developmental alterations in dopamine-rich regions of the cerebral cortex. Neuroscience. 2001;106:5-14.
    • (2001) Neuroscience , vol.106 , pp. 5-14
    • Stanwood, G.D.1    Washington, R.A.2    Shumsky, J.S.3    Levitt, P.4
  • 24
    • 0033661759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on dopamine system development: A meta-analysis
    • Glatt SJ, Bolanos CA, Trksak GH, Jackson D. Effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on dopamine system development: A meta-analysis. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2000;22:617-629.
    • (2000) Neurotoxicol Teratol , vol.22 , pp. 617-629
    • Glatt, S.J.1    Bolanos, C.A.2    Trksak, G.H.3    Jackson, D.4
  • 25
    • 0035797142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primates exposed to cocaine in utero display reduced density and number of cerebral cortical neurons
    • Lidow MS, Song Z. Primates exposed to cocaine in utero display reduced density and number of cerebral cortical neurons. J Comp Neurol. 2001;435:263-275.
    • (2001) J Comp Neurol , vol.435 , pp. 263-275
    • Lidow, M.S.1    Song, Z.2
  • 26
    • 27844464065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Event-related potentials in cocaine-exposed children during a Stroop task
    • Mayes LC, Molfese DL, Key APF, Hunter NC. Event-related potentials in cocaine-exposed children during a Stroop task. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2005;27:797-813.
    • (2005) Neurotoxicol Teratol , vol.27 , pp. 797-813
    • Mayes, L.C.1    Molfese, D.L.2    Key, A.P.F.3    Hunter, N.C.4
  • 27
    • 0034757921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental outcome of school-age children born to mothers with heroin dependency: Importance of environmental factors
    • Ornoy A, Segal J, Bar-Hamburger R, Greenbaum C. Developmental outcome of school-age children born to mothers with heroin dependency: importance of environmental factors. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2001;43:668-675.
    • (2001) Dev Med Child Neurol , vol.43 , pp. 668-675
    • Ornoy, A.1    Segal, J.2    Bar-Hamburger, R.3    Greenbaum, C.4
  • 28
    • 0242331714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory motor control at five years as a function of prenatal cocaine exposure
    • Bendersky M, Gambini G, Lastella A, Bennett D, Lewis M. Inhibitory motor control at five years as a function of prenatal cocaine exposure. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2003;24:345-351.
    • (2003) J Dev Behav Pediatr , vol.24 , pp. 345-351
    • Bendersky, M.1    Gambini, G.2    Lastella, A.3    Bennett, D.4    Lewis, M.5
  • 29
    • 21444435752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of prenatal cocaine/polydrug use on maternal-infant feeding interactions during the first year of life
    • Minnes S, Singer LT, Arendt R, Satayathum S. Effects of prenatal cocaine/polydrug use on maternal-infant feeding interactions during the first year of life. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2005;26:194- 200.
    • (2005) J Dev Behav Pediatr , vol.26 , pp. 194-200
    • Minnes, S.1    Singer, L.T.2    Arendt, R.3    Satayathum, S.4
  • 30
    • 0028101010 scopus 로고
    • Parenting and early development among children of drug-abusing women: Effects of home intervention
    • Black MM, Nair P, Kight C, Wachtel R, Roby P, Schuler M. Parenting and early development among children of drug-abusing women: effects of home intervention. Pediatrics. 1994;94:440- 448.
    • (1994) Pediatrics , vol.94 , pp. 440-448
    • Black, M.M.1    Nair, P.2    Kight, C.3    Wachtel, R.4    Roby, P.5    Schuler, M.6
  • 31
    • 0009541489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes for drug-exposed children eight years post-adoption
    • Barth RP, Brodzinsky D, Freundlich M, eds, Washington, DC: Child Welfare League of America;
    • Barth RP, Brooks D. Outcomes for drug-exposed children eight years post-adoption. In: Barth RP, Brodzinsky D, Freundlich M, eds. Adoption and Prenatal Drug Exposure: The Research, Policy and Practice Challenges. Washington, DC: Child Welfare League of America; 2001:23-58.
    • (2001) Adoption and Prenatal Drug Exposure: The Research, Policy and Practice Challenges , pp. 23-58
    • Barth, R.P.1    Brooks, D.2
  • 32
    • 0030524810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of child psychosocial functioning on reunification from out-of-home placement
    • Landsverk J, Davis I, Ganger W, Newton R. Impact of child psychosocial functioning on reunification from out-of-home placement. Child Youth Serv Rev. 1996;18:447-462.
    • (1996) Child Youth Serv Rev , vol.18 , pp. 447-462
    • Landsverk, J.1    Davis, I.2    Ganger, W.3    Newton, R.4
  • 33
    • 36349000699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of placement instability on adopted children's inhibitory control abilities and oppositional behavior
    • Lewis E, Dozier M, Ackerman J, Sepulveda-Kozakowski S. The effect of placement instability on adopted children's inhibitory control abilities and oppositional behavior. Dev Psych. 2007;43: 1415-1427.
    • (2007) Dev Psych , vol.43 , pp. 1415-1427
    • Lewis, E.1    Dozier, M.2    Ackerman, J.3    Sepulveda-Kozakowski, S.4
  • 34
    • 0036237669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ongoing maternal drug use, parenting attitudes, and a home intervention: Effects on mother-child interaction at 18 months
    • Schuler M, Nair P, Black M. Ongoing maternal drug use, parenting attitudes, and a home intervention: effects on mother-child interaction at 18 months. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2002;23:87-94.
    • (2002) J Dev Behav Pediatr , vol.23 , pp. 87-94
    • Schuler, M.1    Nair, P.2    Black, M.3
  • 35
    • 0018899363 scopus 로고
    • An improved diagnostic instrument for substance abuse patients: The addiction severity index
    • McLellan A, Luborsky L, O'Brien C, Woody G. An improved diagnostic instrument for substance abuse patients: the addiction severity index. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1980;168:26-33.
    • (1980) J Nerv Ment Dis , vol.168 , pp. 26-33
    • McLellan, A.1    Luborsky, L.2    O'Brien, C.3    Woody, G.4
  • 36
    • 0025335905 scopus 로고
    • Enhancing the outcomes of low-birth-weight, premature infants. A multisite, randomized trial. The Infant Health and Development Program
    • Enhancing the outcomes of low-birth-weight, premature infants. A multisite, randomized trial. The Infant Health and Development Program. JAMA. 1990;263:3035-3042.
    • (1990) JAMA , vol.263 , pp. 3035-3042
  • 38
    • 0003826344 scopus 로고
    • 4th ed. Chicago: The Riverside Publishing Company;
    • Stanford- Binet Intelligence Scales. 4th ed. Chicago: The Riverside Publishing Company; 1987.
    • (1987) Stanford- Binet Intelligence Scales
  • 41
    • 2642531190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A nearly continuous measure of birth weight for gestational age using a United States national reference
    • Oken E, Kleinman K, Rich-Edwards J, Gillman M. A nearly continuous measure of birth weight for gestational age using a United States national reference. BMC Pediatr. 2003;3:6.
    • (2003) BMC Pediatr , vol.3 , pp. 6
    • Oken, E.1    Kleinman, K.2    Rich-Edwards, J.3    Gillman, M.4
  • 42
    • 8644227623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birth weight and cognitive ability in childhood: A systematic review
    • Shenkin SD, Starr JM, Deary IJ. Birth weight and cognitive ability in childhood: a systematic review. Psychol Bull. 2004;130:989-1013.
    • (2004) Psychol Bull , vol.130 , pp. 989-1013
    • Shenkin, S.D.1    Starr, J.M.2    Deary, I.J.3
  • 43
    • 84965520932 scopus 로고
    • The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population
    • Radloff LS. The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas. 1977;1: 385-401.
    • (1977) Appl Psychol Meas , vol.1 , pp. 385-401
    • Radloff, L.S.1
  • 44
    • 67649472228 scopus 로고
    • Kaufman brief intelligence test (K-BIT)
    • Bloomington, MN, ed
    • Kaufman A, Kaufman N. Kaufman brief intelligence test (K-BIT). In: Bloomington, MN, ed.: Pearson Assessments; 1990.
    • (1990) Pearson Assessments
    • Kaufman, A.1    Kaufman, N.2
  • 45
    • 0032843092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grados JJ, Russo-Garcia KA. Comparison of the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - third edition in economically disadvantaged African American youth. J Clin Psychol. 1999;55:1063-1071.
    • Grados JJ, Russo-Garcia KA. Comparison of the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - third edition in economically disadvantaged African American youth. J Clin Psychol. 1999;55:1063-1071.
  • 46
    • 0031950533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal cocaine exposure and impulse control at two years
    • Bendersky M, Lewis M. Prenatal cocaine exposure and impulse control at two years. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998;846:365-367.
    • (1998) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.846 , pp. 365-367
    • Bendersky, M.1    Lewis, M.2
  • 47
    • 0033199925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attentional response at eight weeks in prenatally drug-exposed and preterm infants
    • Coles CD, Bard KA, Platzman KA, Lynch ME. Attentional response at eight weeks in prenatally drug-exposed and preterm infants. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1999;21:527-537.
    • (1999) Neurotoxicol Teratol , vol.21 , pp. 527-537
    • Coles, C.D.1    Bard, K.A.2    Platzman, K.A.3    Lynch, M.E.4
  • 48
    • 0030184620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal cocaine exposure effects on arousal-modulated attention during the neonatal period
    • Karmel BZ, Gardner JM. Prenatal cocaine exposure effects on arousal-modulated attention during the neonatal period. Dev Psychobiol. 1996;29:463-480.
    • (1996) Dev Psychobiol , vol.29 , pp. 463-480
    • Karmel, B.Z.1    Gardner, J.M.2
  • 49
    • 0034268639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mother-infant interaction: Effects of a home intervention and ongoing maternal drug use
    • Schuler ME, Nair P, Black MM, Kettinger L. Mother-infant interaction: effects of a home intervention and ongoing maternal drug use. J Clin Child Psychol. 2000;29:424-431.
    • (2000) J Clin Child Psychol , vol.29 , pp. 424-431
    • Schuler, M.E.1    Nair, P.2    Black, M.M.3    Kettinger, L.4
  • 50
    • 0035985194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of early parenting in children's development of executive processes
    • Landry SH, Miller-Loncar CL, Smith KE, Swank PR. The role of early parenting in children's development of executive processes. Dev Neuropsychol. 2002;21:15-41.
    • (2002) Dev Neuropsychol , vol.21 , pp. 15-41
    • Landry, S.H.1    Miller-Loncar, C.L.2    Smith, K.E.3    Swank, P.R.4
  • 51
    • 85127753765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Llorente AM, Amado A, Voigt RG, et al. Internal consistency, temporal stability, and reproducibility of individual index scores of the Test of Variables of Attention (T.O.V.A.) in children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2001;16:535-546.
    • Llorente AM, Amado A, Voigt RG, et al. Internal consistency, temporal stability, and reproducibility of individual index scores of the Test of Variables of Attention (T.O.V.A.) in children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2001;16:535-546.
  • 54
    • 33645631197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategies for addressing the executive function impairments of students prenatally exposed to alcohol and other drugs
    • Watson SMR, Westby CE. Strategies for addressing the executive function impairments of students prenatally exposed to alcohol and other drugs. Commun Dis Q. 2003;24: 194-204.
    • (2003) Commun Dis Q , vol.24 , pp. 194-204
    • Watson, S.M.R.1    Westby, C.E.2
  • 55
    • 4444274691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal cocaine: Quantity of exposure and gender moderation
    • Delaney-Black V, Covington C, Nordstrom B, et al. Prenatal cocaine: Quantity of exposure and gender moderation. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2004;25:245-63.
    • (2004) J Dev Behav Pediatr , vol.25 , pp. 245-263
    • Delaney-Black, V.1    Covington, C.2    Nordstrom, B.3
  • 56
    • 17744384279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Maternal Lifestyle Study: Drug use by meconium toxicology and maternal self-report
    • Lester BM, ElSohly M, Wright LL, et al. The Maternal Lifestyle Study: Drug use by meconium toxicology and maternal self-report. Pediatr. 2001;107:309-17.
    • (2001) Pediatr , vol.107 , pp. 309-317
    • Lester, B.M.1    ElSohly, M.2    Wright, L.L.3
  • 57
    • 23844479363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duration and developmental timing of poverty and children's cognitive and social development from birth through third grade
    • NICHD
    • NICHD. Duration and developmental timing of poverty and children's cognitive and social development from birth through third grade. Child Dev. 2005;76:795-810.
    • (2005) Child Dev , vol.76 , pp. 795-810


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.