메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 257, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 1395-1404

Broadleaf competition interferes with balsam fir regeneration following experimental removal of moose

Author keywords

Abies balsamea; Alces alces; Balsam fir; Forest regeneration; Herbivores; Moose; State and transition models

Indexed keywords

COMPETITION; GROWTH (MATERIALS); PARKS;

EID: 59049100866     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.12.009     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (26)

References (68)
  • 1
    • 24744446592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Goose-induced changes in vegetation and land cover between 1976 and 1997 in an Arctic coastal marsh
    • Abraham K.F., Jefferies R.L., and Rockwell R.F. Goose-induced changes in vegetation and land cover between 1976 and 1997 in an Arctic coastal marsh. Arctic Ant. Alp. Res. 37 (2005) 269-275
    • (2005) Arctic Ant. Alp. Res. , vol.37 , pp. 269-275
    • Abraham, K.F.1    Jefferies, R.L.2    Rockwell, R.F.3
  • 2
    • 0000320594 scopus 로고
    • Population dynamics of moose, Alces alces, on the south-coast barrens of Newfoundland
    • Albright C.A., and Keith L.B. Population dynamics of moose, Alces alces, on the south-coast barrens of Newfoundland. Can. Field-Nat. 10 (1987) 373-387
    • (1987) Can. Field-Nat. , vol.10 , pp. 373-387
    • Albright, C.A.1    Keith, L.B.2
  • 3
    • 0001155399 scopus 로고
    • Short-term influence of moose upon woody plants of an early seral wintering site in Gaspé Peninsula
    • Bédard J., Crête M., and Audy E. Short-term influence of moose upon woody plants of an early seral wintering site in Gaspé Peninsula. Quebec Can. J. For. Res. 8 (1978) 407-417
    • (1978) Quebec Can. J. For. Res. , vol.8 , pp. 407-417
    • Bédard, J.1    Crête, M.2    Audy, E.3
  • 4
    • 0000614688 scopus 로고
    • Moose damage to balsam fir-white birch forests in central Newfoundland
    • Bergerud A.T., and Manuel F. Moose damage to balsam fir-white birch forests in central Newfoundland. J. Wildl. Manage. 32 (1968) 729-746
    • (1968) J. Wildl. Manage. , vol.32 , pp. 729-746
    • Bergerud, A.T.1    Manuel, F.2
  • 5
    • 1642595172 scopus 로고
    • The harvest reduction of a moose population in Newfoundland
    • Bergerud A.T., Manuel F., and Whalen H. The harvest reduction of a moose population in Newfoundland. J. Wildl. Manage. 32 (1968) 722-728
    • (1968) J. Wildl. Manage. , vol.32 , pp. 722-728
    • Bergerud, A.T.1    Manuel, F.2    Whalen, H.3
  • 6
    • 0021032459 scopus 로고
    • Carbon/nutrient balance of boreal plants in relation to vertebrate herbivory
    • Bryant J.P., Chapin III F.S., and Klein D.R. Carbon/nutrient balance of boreal plants in relation to vertebrate herbivory. Oikos 40 (1983) 358-367
    • (1983) Oikos , vol.40 , pp. 358-367
    • Bryant, J.P.1    Chapin III, F.S.2    Klein, D.R.3
  • 7
    • 59049083906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burns, R.M., Honkala, B.H., 1990. Silvics of North America. Volumes 1 and 2. US Dept. Agric., For. Serv., Agric. Handb. 654. US Dept. Agric., For. Serv., Washington, D.C.
    • Burns, R.M., Honkala, B.H., 1990. Silvics of North America. Volumes 1 and 2. US Dept. Agric., For. Serv., Agric. Handb. 654. US Dept. Agric., For. Serv., Washington, D.C.
  • 8
    • 0013244008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in structure of a boreal forest community following intense herbivory by moose
    • Connor K.J., Ballard W.B., Dilworth T., Mahoney S., and Anions D. Changes in structure of a boreal forest community following intense herbivory by moose. Alces 36 (2000) 111-132
    • (2000) Alces , vol.36 , pp. 111-132
    • Connor, K.J.1    Ballard, W.B.2    Dilworth, T.3    Mahoney, S.4    Anions, D.5
  • 9
    • 0041739267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors preventing the recovery of New Zealand forests following control of invasive deer
    • Coomes D.A., Allen R.B., Forsyth D.M., and Lee W.G. Factors preventing the recovery of New Zealand forests following control of invasive deer. Cons. Biol. 17 (2003) 450-459
    • (2003) Cons. Biol. , vol.17 , pp. 450-459
    • Coomes, D.A.1    Allen, R.B.2    Forsyth, D.M.3    Lee, W.G.4
  • 11
    • 0026267635 scopus 로고
    • Variations de la régénération préétablie dans les sapinières boréales en fonction de leurs caractéristiques écologiques
    • Côté S., and Bélanger L. Variations de la régénération préétablie dans les sapinières boréales en fonction de leurs caractéristiques écologiques. Can. J. For. Res. 21 (1991) 1779-1795
    • (1991) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.21 , pp. 1779-1795
    • Côté, S.1    Bélanger, L.2
  • 12
    • 0032610382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of indigenous North American deer at the end of the 20th century in relation to large predators and primary production
    • Crête M., and Daigle C. Management of indigenous North American deer at the end of the 20th century in relation to large predators and primary production. Acta Vet. Hung. 47 (1999) 1-16
    • (1999) Acta Vet. Hung. , vol.47 , pp. 1-16
    • Crête, M.1    Daigle, C.2
  • 13
    • 0020869632 scopus 로고
    • An ecological subdivision of the island of Newfoundland
    • South G.R. (Ed), Dr W. Junk Publishing, The Hague, Netherlands
    • Damman A.W.H. An ecological subdivision of the island of Newfoundland. In: South G.R. (Ed). Biogeography and Ecology of the Island of Newfoundland (1983), Dr W. Junk Publishing, The Hague, Netherlands 163-206
    • (1983) Biogeography and Ecology of the Island of Newfoundland , pp. 163-206
    • Damman, A.W.H.1
  • 14
    • 0013481290 scopus 로고
    • Some forest types of central Newfoundland and their relationship to environmental factors
    • Damman A.W.H. Some forest types of central Newfoundland and their relationship to environmental factors. For. Sci. Monogr. 8 (1964) 1-62
    • (1964) For. Sci. Monogr. , vol.8 , pp. 1-62
    • Damman, A.W.H.1
  • 15
    • 0041402776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ungulates as drivers of tree population dynamics at module and genet levels
    • Danell K., Bergström R., Edenius L., and Ericsson G. Ungulates as drivers of tree population dynamics at module and genet levels. For. Ecol. Manage. 181 (2003) 67-76
    • (2003) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.181 , pp. 67-76
    • Danell, K.1    Bergström, R.2    Edenius, L.3    Ericsson, G.4
  • 16
    • 0027870928 scopus 로고
    • The effects of herbivory and granivory on terrestrial plant succession
    • Davidson D.W. The effects of herbivory and granivory on terrestrial plant succession. Oikos 68 (1993) 23-35
    • (1993) Oikos , vol.68 , pp. 23-35
    • Davidson, D.W.1
  • 17
    • 0012689913 scopus 로고
    • Food competition and range relationships of moose and snowshoe hare in Newfoundland
    • Dodds D.G. Food competition and range relationships of moose and snowshoe hare in Newfoundland. J. Wildl. Manage. 60 (1960) 52-60
    • (1960) J. Wildl. Manage. , vol.60 , pp. 52-60
    • Dodds, D.G.1
  • 18
    • 36448957203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of large herbivores on tree recruitment and forest dynamics
    • Danell K., Duncan P., Bergström R., and Pastor J. (Eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Gill R.M.A. The influence of large herbivores on tree recruitment and forest dynamics. In: Danell K., Duncan P., Bergström R., and Pastor J. (Eds). Large Herbivore Ecology, Ecosystem Dynamics and Conservation (2006), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 170-204
    • (2006) Large Herbivore Ecology, Ecosystem Dynamics and Conservation , pp. 170-204
    • Gill, R.M.A.1
  • 19
    • 18444393427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of ungulates on performance, abundance, and spatial distribution of two montane herbs
    • Gómez J.M. Long-term effects of ungulates on performance, abundance, and spatial distribution of two montane herbs. Ecol. Monogr. 75 (2005) 231-258
    • (2005) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.75 , pp. 231-258
    • Gómez, J.M.1
  • 20
    • 59049092669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of fixed-wing and helicopter searches for moose in a mid-winter habitat-based survey
    • Gosse J., McLaren B.E., and Eberhardt E. Comparison of fixed-wing and helicopter searches for moose in a mid-winter habitat-based survey. Alces 38 (2002) 47-53
    • (2002) Alces , vol.38 , pp. 47-53
    • Gosse, J.1    McLaren, B.E.2    Eberhardt, E.3
  • 21
    • 0034537705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 22-year study on the effects of mammalian browsing on forest succession following a clearcut in northern Lower Michigan
    • Heinen J.T., and Currey R.C.D. A 22-year study on the effects of mammalian browsing on forest succession following a clearcut in northern Lower Michigan. Am. Midl. Nat. 144 (2000) 243-252
    • (2000) Am. Midl. Nat. , vol.144 , pp. 243-252
    • Heinen, J.T.1    Currey, R.C.D.2
  • 22
    • 0027063381 scopus 로고
    • The dilemma of plants: to grow or defend?
    • Herms D.A., and Mattson W.J. The dilemma of plants: to grow or defend?. Q. Rev. Biol. 67 (1992) 283-335
    • (1992) Q. Rev. Biol. , vol.67 , pp. 283-335
    • Herms, D.A.1    Mattson, W.J.2
  • 23
    • 0030417343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modification of ecosystems by ungulates
    • Hobbs N.T. Modification of ecosystems by ungulates. J. Wildl. Manage. 60 (1996) 695-713
    • (1996) J. Wildl. Manage. , vol.60 , pp. 695-713
    • Hobbs, N.T.1
  • 25
    • 59049083113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Krefting, L.W., 1974. The ecology of Isle Royale moose, with special reference to the habitat. U. Minn. Agric. Expt. Stat. Tech. Bull., St. Paul, Minnesota.
    • Krefting, L.W., 1974. The ecology of Isle Royale moose, with special reference to the habitat. U. Minn. Agric. Expt. Stat. Tech. Bull., St. Paul, Minnesota.
  • 26
    • 0001097113 scopus 로고
    • Leaf litter as a killer
    • Koroleff A. Leaf litter as a killer. J. For. 52 (1954) 178-182
    • (1954) J. For. , vol.52 , pp. 178-182
    • Koroleff, A.1
  • 27
    • 33847280367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stand structure and development of an insect-mediated boreal forest landscape
    • McCarthy J.W., and Weetman G. Stand structure and development of an insect-mediated boreal forest landscape. For. Ecol. Manage. 241 (2007) 101-114
    • (2007) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.241 , pp. 101-114
    • McCarthy, J.W.1    Weetman, G.2
  • 28
    • 0027044174 scopus 로고
    • Effects of moose browsing on vegetation and litter of the boreal forest, Isle Royale, Michigan
    • McInnes P.F., Naiman R.J., Pastor J., and Cohen Y. Effects of moose browsing on vegetation and litter of the boreal forest, Isle Royale, Michigan. Ecology 73 (1992) 2059-2075
    • (1992) Ecology , vol.73 , pp. 2059-2075
    • McInnes, P.F.1    Naiman, R.J.2    Pastor, J.3    Cohen, Y.4
  • 29
    • 0030417419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant-specific response to herbivory: simulated browsing of balsam fir on Isle Royale
    • McLaren B.E. Plant-specific response to herbivory: simulated browsing of balsam fir on Isle Royale. Ecology 77 (1996) 228-235
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 228-235
    • McLaren, B.E.1
  • 30
    • 0034664101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal patterns of use by moose of pre-commercially thinned, naturally-regenerating stands of balsam fir in central Newfoundland
    • McLaren B.E., Mahoney S.P., Porter T.S., and Oosenbrug S.M. Spatial and temporal patterns of use by moose of pre-commercially thinned, naturally-regenerating stands of balsam fir in central Newfoundland. For. Ecol. Manage. 133 (2000) 179-196
    • (2000) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.133 , pp. 179-196
    • McLaren, B.E.1    Mahoney, S.P.2    Porter, T.S.3    Oosenbrug, S.M.4
  • 31
    • 33751066507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of overabundant moose on the Newfoundland landscape
    • McLaren B.E., Roberts B.A., Djan-Chékar N., and Lewis K.P. Effects of overabundant moose on the Newfoundland landscape. Alces 40 (2004) 45-59
    • (2004) Alces , vol.40 , pp. 45-59
    • McLaren, B.E.1    Roberts, B.A.2    Djan-Chékar, N.3    Lewis, K.P.4
  • 32
    • 0003724767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • McShea W.J., Underwood H.B., and Rappole J.H. (Eds), Smithsonian Institution, Washington
    • In: McShea W.J., Underwood H.B., and Rappole J.H. (Eds). The Science of Overabundance: Deer Ecology and Population Management (1997), Smithsonian Institution, Washington
    • (1997) The Science of Overabundance: Deer Ecology and Population Management
  • 33
    • 33746920096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of carrying capacity effects in Newfoundland moose
    • Mercer W.E., and McLaren B.E. Evidence of carrying capacity effects in Newfoundland moose. Alces 38 (2002) 123-141
    • (2002) Alces , vol.38 , pp. 123-141
    • Mercer, W.E.1    McLaren, B.E.2
  • 34
    • 59049102539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noel, L., 2004. Comparing early reproductive processes in balsam fir among management and disturbance regimes in Newfoundland boreal forest. MSc. Thesis, Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland.
    • Noel, L., 2004. Comparing early reproductive processes in balsam fir among management and disturbance regimes in Newfoundland boreal forest. MSc. Thesis, Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland.
  • 35
    • 33645085035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short- and long-term effects of changes in reindeer grazing pressure on tundra heath vegetation
    • Olofsson J. Short- and long-term effects of changes in reindeer grazing pressure on tundra heath vegetation. J. Ecol. 94 (2006) 431-440
    • (2006) J. Ecol. , vol.94 , pp. 431-440
    • Olofsson, J.1
  • 36
    • 0342882511 scopus 로고
    • The estimation of winter forage and its use by moose on clearcuts in northcentral Newfoundland
    • Parker G.R., and Morton L.D. The estimation of winter forage and its use by moose on clearcuts in northcentral Newfoundland. J. Range Manage. 31 (1978) 300-304
    • (1978) J. Range Manage. , vol.31 , pp. 300-304
    • Parker, G.R.1    Morton, L.D.2
  • 37
    • 0027386543 scopus 로고
    • Moose browsing and soil fertility in the boreal forests of Isle Royale National Park
    • Pastor J., Dewey B., Naiman R.J., McInnes P.F., and Cohen Y. Moose browsing and soil fertility in the boreal forests of Isle Royale National Park. Ecology 74 (1993) 467-480
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 467-480
    • Pastor, J.1    Dewey, B.2    Naiman, R.J.3    McInnes, P.F.4    Cohen, Y.5
  • 38
    • 13444266437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of moose population density on the production and composition of litter in boreal forests
    • Persson I.-L., Pastor J., Danell K., and Bergström R. Impact of moose population density on the production and composition of litter in boreal forests. Oikos 108 (2005) 297-306
    • (2005) Oikos , vol.108 , pp. 297-306
    • Persson, I.-L.1    Pastor, J.2    Danell, K.3    Bergström, R.4
  • 39
    • 23044442733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different moose densities and accompanied changes in tree morphology and browse production
    • Persson I.-L., Danell K., and Bergström R. Different moose densities and accompanied changes in tree morphology and browse production. Ecol. Appl. 15 (2005) 1296-1305
    • (2005) Ecol. Appl. , vol.15 , pp. 1296-1305
    • Persson, I.-L.1    Danell, K.2    Bergström, R.3
  • 40
    • 0034489680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbance by large herbivores in boreal forests with special reference to moose
    • Persson I.-L., Danell K., and Bergström R. Disturbance by large herbivores in boreal forests with special reference to moose. Ann. Zool. Fennici 37 (2000) 251-263
    • (2000) Ann. Zool. Fennici , vol.37 , pp. 251-263
    • Persson, I.-L.1    Danell, K.2    Bergström, R.3
  • 42
    • 59049102679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pimlott, D.H., 1955. Moose and the Newfoundland forests. A report to the Newfoundland Royal Commission on Forestry. NL Dept. Mines & Res. 26 pp.
    • Pimlott, D.H., 1955. Moose and the Newfoundland forests. A report to the Newfoundland Royal Commission on Forestry. NL Dept. Mines & Res. 26 pp.
  • 43
    • 0005997935 scopus 로고
    • Reproduction and productivity of Newfoundland moose
    • Pimlott D.H. Reproduction and productivity of Newfoundland moose. J. Wildl. Manage. 23 (1959) 381-401
    • (1959) J. Wildl. Manage. , vol.23 , pp. 381-401
    • Pimlott, D.H.1
  • 44
    • 59049096511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pimlott, D.H., 1963. Influence of deer and moose on boreal forest vegetation in two areas of Eastern Canada. Trans. Intern. Union Game Biol., 6th Congress, 7-12 October 1963, Bournemouth, England, pp. 105-116.
    • Pimlott, D.H., 1963. Influence of deer and moose on boreal forest vegetation in two areas of Eastern Canada. Trans. Intern. Union Game Biol., 6th Congress, 7-12 October 1963, Bournemouth, England, pp. 105-116.
  • 45
    • 59049100512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Place, I.C.M., 1955. The influence of seed-bed conditions on the regeneration of spruce and balsam fir. Can. Dept. North. Affairs Nat. Res., For. Br. Bull. 117.
    • Place, I.C.M., 1955. The influence of seed-bed conditions on the regeneration of spruce and balsam fir. Can. Dept. North. Affairs Nat. Res., For. Br. Bull. 117.
  • 46
    • 0000200239 scopus 로고
    • On distance estimators of density in randomly distributed forests
    • Pollard J.H. On distance estimators of density in randomly distributed forests. Biometrics 27 (1971) 991-1002
    • (1971) Biometrics , vol.27 , pp. 991-1002
    • Pollard, J.H.1
  • 47
    • 0032406571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversal of grazing impact on plant species richness in nutrient-poor vs. nutrient-rich ecosystems
    • Proulx M., and Mazumder A. Reversal of grazing impact on plant species richness in nutrient-poor vs. nutrient-rich ecosystems. Ecology 79 (1998) 2581-2592
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 2581-2592
    • Proulx, M.1    Mazumder, A.2
  • 48
    • 0023480107 scopus 로고
    • The influence of moose on the composition and structure of Isle Royale forests
    • Risenhoover K.L., and Maass S.A. The influence of moose on the composition and structure of Isle Royale forests. Can. J. For. Res. 17 (1987) 357-364
    • (1987) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.17 , pp. 357-364
    • Risenhoover, K.L.1    Maass, S.A.2
  • 49
    • 59049101024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rook, E.J., 2002. Shrubs of the northwoods. http://www.rook.org/earl/bwca/nature/shrubs/index.html.
    • Rook, E.J., 2002. Shrubs of the northwoods. http://www.rook.org/earl/bwca/nature/shrubs/index.html.
  • 50
    • 0042905782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct and indirect effects of white-tailed deer in forest ecosystems
    • Rooney T.P., and Waller D.M. Direct and indirect effects of white-tailed deer in forest ecosystems. For. Ecol. Manage. 181 (2003) 165-176
    • (2003) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.181 , pp. 165-176
    • Rooney, T.P.1    Waller, D.M.2
  • 51
    • 4544295032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are boreal ecosystems susceptible to alien plant invasion? Evidence from protected areas
    • Rose M., and Hermanutz L. Are boreal ecosystems susceptible to alien plant invasion? Evidence from protected areas. Oecologia 139 (2004) 467-477
    • (2004) Oecologia , vol.139 , pp. 467-477
    • Rose, M.1    Hermanutz, L.2
  • 52
    • 0242458070 scopus 로고
    • Moose damage to pre-commercially thinned balsam fir stands in Newfoundland
    • Thompson I.D. Moose damage to pre-commercially thinned balsam fir stands in Newfoundland. Alces 24 (1988) 56-61
    • (1988) Alces , vol.24 , pp. 56-61
    • Thompson, I.D.1
  • 53
    • 0027871703 scopus 로고
    • A re-examination of moose damage to balsam-white birch forests in central Newfoundland: 27 years later
    • Thompson I.D., and Curran W.J. A re-examination of moose damage to balsam-white birch forests in central Newfoundland: 27 years later. Can. J. For. Res. 23 (1993) 1388-1395
    • (1993) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.23 , pp. 1388-1395
    • Thompson, I.D.1    Curran, W.J.2
  • 54
    • 0026471241 scopus 로고
    • Influence of moose browsing on successional forest growth on black spruce sites in Newfoundland
    • Thompson I.D., Curran W.J., Hancock J.A., and Butler C.E. Influence of moose browsing on successional forest growth on black spruce sites in Newfoundland. For. Ecol. Manage. 47 (1992) 29-37
    • (1992) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.47 , pp. 29-37
    • Thompson, I.D.1    Curran, W.J.2    Hancock, J.A.3    Butler, C.E.4
  • 55
    • 0024912161 scopus 로고
    • Moose browsing and allelopathic effects of Kalmia angustifolia on balsam fir regeneration in central Newfoundland
    • Thompson I.D., and Mallik A.U. Moose browsing and allelopathic effects of Kalmia angustifolia on balsam fir regeneration in central Newfoundland. Can. J. For. Res. 19 (1989) 524-526
    • (1989) Can. J. For. Res. , vol.19 , pp. 524-526
    • Thompson, I.D.1    Mallik, A.U.2
  • 56
    • 0024900033 scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing choice of balsam fir twigs from thinned and unthinned stands by moose
    • Thompson I.D., McQueen R.E., Reichardt P.B., Trenholm D.G., and Curran W.J. Factors influencing choice of balsam fir twigs from thinned and unthinned stands by moose. Oecologia 81 (1989) 506-509
    • (1989) Oecologia , vol.81 , pp. 506-509
    • Thompson, I.D.1    McQueen, R.E.2    Reichardt, P.B.3    Trenholm, D.G.4    Curran, W.J.5
  • 57
    • 34248999757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Density-related effects of deer browsing on the regeneration dynamics of boreal forests
    • Tremblay J.-P., Huot J., and Potvin F. Density-related effects of deer browsing on the regeneration dynamics of boreal forests. J. Appl. Ecol. 44 (2007) 552-562
    • (2007) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.44 , pp. 552-562
    • Tremblay, J.-P.1    Huot, J.2    Potvin, F.3
  • 58
    • 59049083461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relations entre l'abondance du cerf de Virginie et la dynamique de régénération des forêts de l'île d'Anticosti
    • Tremblay J.-P., Huot J., Potvin F., and Côté S. Relations entre l'abondance du cerf de Virginie et la dynamique de régénération des forêts de l'île d'Anticosti. Nat. Can. 131 (2007) 26-32
    • (2007) Nat. Can. , vol.131 , pp. 26-32
    • Tremblay, J.-P.1    Huot, J.2    Potvin, F.3    Côté, S.4
  • 59
    • 34047248456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divergent nonlinear responses of the boreal forest field layer along an experimental gradient of deer densities
    • Tremblay J.-P., Huot J., and Potvin F. Divergent nonlinear responses of the boreal forest field layer along an experimental gradient of deer densities. Oecologia 150 (2006) 78-88
    • (2006) Oecologia , vol.150 , pp. 78-88
    • Tremblay, J.-P.1    Huot, J.2    Potvin, F.3
  • 60
    • 30744475206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competitive hierarchies of temperate tree species: interactions between resource availability and white-tailed deer
    • Tripler C.E., Canham C.D., Inouye R.S., and Schnurr J.L. Competitive hierarchies of temperate tree species: interactions between resource availability and white-tailed deer. Ecoscience 12 (2005) 494-505
    • (2005) Ecoscience , vol.12 , pp. 494-505
    • Tripler, C.E.1    Canham, C.D.2    Inouye, R.S.3    Schnurr, J.L.4
  • 61
    • 33746903914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do herbivores cause habitat degradation or vegetation state transition? Evidence from the tundra
    • Van der Wal R. Do herbivores cause habitat degradation or vegetation state transition? Evidence from the tundra. Oikos 114 (2006) 177-186
    • (2006) Oikos , vol.114 , pp. 177-186
    • Van der Wal, R.1
  • 62
    • 34250763210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity, exotic plant species, and herbivory: the good, the bad, and the ungulate
    • Vavra M., Parks C.G., and Wisdom M.J. Biodiversity, exotic plant species, and herbivory: the good, the bad, and the ungulate. For. Ecol. Manage. 246 (2007) 66-72
    • (2007) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.246 , pp. 66-72
    • Vavra, M.1    Parks, C.G.2    Wisdom, M.J.3
  • 63
    • 17644369670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the interacting effects of browsing and shading on mountain forest tree regeneration (Picea abies)
    • Weisberg P.J., Bonavia F., and Bugmann H. Modeling the interacting effects of browsing and shading on mountain forest tree regeneration (Picea abies). Ecol. Mod. 185 (2005) 213-230
    • (2005) Ecol. Mod. , vol.185 , pp. 213-230
    • Weisberg, P.J.1    Bonavia, F.2    Bugmann, H.3
  • 64
    • 0013305120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest dynamics and ungulate herbivory: from leaf to landscape
    • Weisberg P.J., and Bugmann H. Forest dynamics and ungulate herbivory: from leaf to landscape. For. Ecol. Manage. 181 (2003) 1-12
    • (2003) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.181 , pp. 1-12
    • Weisberg, P.J.1    Bugmann, H.2
  • 66
    • 0024944976 scopus 로고
    • Opportunistic management for rangelands not at equilibrium
    • Westoby M., Walker B., and Noy-Meir I. Opportunistic management for rangelands not at equilibrium. J. Range Manage. 42 (1989) 266-274
    • (1989) J. Range Manage. , vol.42 , pp. 266-274
    • Westoby, M.1    Walker, B.2    Noy-Meir, I.3
  • 67
    • 33745685185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding ungulate herbivory-episodic disturbance effects on vegetation dynamics: Knowledge gaps and management needs
    • Wisdom M.J., Vavra M., Boyd J.M., Hemstrom M.A., Ager A.A., and Johnson B.K. Understanding ungulate herbivory-episodic disturbance effects on vegetation dynamics: Knowledge gaps and management needs. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 34 (2006) 283-292
    • (2006) Wildl. Soc. Bull. , vol.34 , pp. 283-292
    • Wisdom, M.J.1    Vavra, M.2    Boyd, J.M.3    Hemstrom, M.A.4    Ager, A.A.5    Johnson, B.K.6
  • 68
    • 59049090186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yetman, D., 1999. Epiphytic Lichen Diversity and Abundance Based on Forest Stand Type in Terra Nova National Park: Implications for Lichen Conservation and Forest Management, B.Sc. Thesis, Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's.
    • Yetman, D., 1999. Epiphytic Lichen Diversity and Abundance Based on Forest Stand Type in Terra Nova National Park: Implications for Lichen Conservation and Forest Management, B.Sc. Thesis, Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.