메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 39, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 193-202

Acute exacerbations of asthma: Epidemiology, biology and the exacerbation-prone phenotype

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ALPHA INTERFERON; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BETA INTERFERON; CORTICOSTEROID; EOTAXIN; GAMMA INTERFERON INDUCIBLE PROTEIN 10; GRANULOCYTE MACROPHAGE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; HOUSE DUST ALLERGEN; INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 6; INTERLEUKIN 8; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; OMALIZUMAB; PLACEBO; POLLEN ANTIGEN; RANTES;

EID: 58849162826     PISSN: 09547894     EISSN: 13652222     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.03157.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (295)

References (102)
  • 1
    • 0035888721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low dose inhaled budesonide and formoterol in mild persistent asthma: The OPTIMA randomized trial
    • O'Byrne PM, Barnes PJ, Rodriguez-Roisin R et al. Low dose inhaled budesonide and formoterol in mild persistent asthma: the OPTIMA randomized trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001 164 (Part 1) : 1392 7.
    • (2001) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.164 , Issue.1 , pp. 1392-7
    • O'Byrne, P.M.1    Barnes, P.J.2    Rodriguez-Roisin, R.3
  • 2
    • 2342590065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global burden of asthma: Executive summary of the GINA Dissemination Committee report
    • Masoli M, Fabian D, Holt S, Beasley R. The global burden of asthma: executive summary of the GINA Dissemination Committee report. Allergy 2004 59 : 469 78.
    • (2004) Allergy , vol.59 , pp. 469-78
    • Masoli, M.1    Fabian, D.2    Holt, S.3    Beasley, R.4
  • 3
    • 58849166810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CDC National Center for Health Statistics. Asthma prevalence, health care use and mortality: United States, 2003-05 [cited]; available from
    • CDC National Center for Health Statistics. Asthma prevalence, health care use and mortality: United States, 2003-05 [cited]; available from
  • 4
    • 1642284303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute asthma in adults: A review
    • Rodrigo GJ, Rodrigo C, Hall JB. Acute asthma in adults: a review. Chest 2004 125 : 1081 102.
    • (2004) Chest , vol.125 , pp. 1081-102
    • Rodrigo, G.J.1    Rodrigo, C.2    Hall, J.B.3
  • 5
    • 33748711817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality in patients hospitalized for asthma exacerbations in the United States
    • Krishnan V, Diette GB, Rand CS et al. Mortality in patients hospitalized for asthma exacerbations in the United States. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006 174 : 633 8.
    • (2006) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.174 , pp. 633-8
    • Krishnan, V.1    Diette, G.B.2    Rand, C.S.3
  • 6
    • 79959344460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expert Panel Report 3 (EPR-3): Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of Asthma-Summary Report 2007
    • Busse WW. Expert Panel Report 3 (EPR-3): guidelines for the diagnosis and management of Asthma-Summary Report 2007. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007 120 (Suppl.) : S94 138.
    • (2007) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.120
    • Busse, W.W.1
  • 7
    • 58849155552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Lung Association. Trends in asthma morbidity and mortality [cited]; available from
    • American Lung Association. Trends in asthma morbidity and mortality [cited]; available from
  • 8
    • 58849137527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centers for Disease Control. National surveillance for asthma - United States, 1980-2004. 2007 [updated 2007; cited]; available from
    • Centers for Disease Control. National surveillance for asthma - United States, 1980-2004. 2007 [updated 2007; cited]; available from
  • 9
    • 0142061174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in pulmonary disease
    • Caracta CF. Gender differences in pulmonary disease. Mt Sinai J Med 2003 70 : 215 24.
    • (2003) Mt Sinai J Med , vol.70 , pp. 215-24
    • Caracta, C.F.1
  • 10
    • 0028104817 scopus 로고
    • Challenges in interpreting gender differences in asthma
    • Redline S, Gold D. Challenges in interpreting gender differences in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994 150 (Part 1) : 1219 21.
    • (1994) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.150 , Issue.1 , pp. 1219-21
    • Redline, S.1    Gold, D.2
  • 11
    • 0034332398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in asthma in childhood and adolescence
    • Bjornson CL, Mitchell I. Gender differences in asthma in childhood and adolescence. J Gend Specif Med 2000 3 : 57 61.
    • (2000) J Gend Specif Med , vol.3 , pp. 57-61
    • Bjornson, C.L.1    Mitchell, I.2
  • 13
    • 1242297650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective study of postmenopausal hormone use and newly diagnosed asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Barr RG, Wentowski CC, Grodstein F et al. Prospective study of postmenopausal hormone use and newly diagnosed asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Arch Intern Med 2004 164 : 379 86.
    • (2004) Arch Intern Med , vol.164 , pp. 379-86
    • Barr, R.G.1    Wentowski, C.C.2    Grodstein, F.3
  • 14
    • 33645223560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female mice are more susceptible to the development of allergic airway inflammation than male mice
    • Melgert BN, Postma DS, Kuipers I et al. Female mice are more susceptible to the development of allergic airway inflammation than male mice. Clin Exp Allergy 2005 35 : 1496 503.
    • (2005) Clin Exp Allergy , vol.35 , pp. 1496-503
    • Melgert, B.N.1    Postma, D.S.2    Kuipers, I.3
  • 15
    • 34748884278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of race on asthma management and outcomes in a large, integrated managed care organization
    • Erickson SE, Iribarren C, Tolstykh IV, Blanc PD, Eisner MD. Effect of race on asthma management and outcomes in a large, integrated managed care organization. Arch Intern Med 2007 167 : 1846 52.
    • (2007) Arch Intern Med , vol.167 , pp. 1846-52
    • Erickson, S.E.1    Iribarren, C.2    Tolstykh, I.V.3    Blanc, P.D.4    Eisner, M.D.5
  • 16
    • 0034911870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race and sex differences in consistency of care with national asthma guidelines in managed care organizations
    • Krishnan JA, Diette GB, Skinner EA, Clark BD, Steinwachs D, Wu AW. Race and sex differences in consistency of care with national asthma guidelines in managed care organizations. Arch Intern Med 2001 161 : 1660 8.
    • (2001) Arch Intern Med , vol.161 , pp. 1660-8
    • Krishnan, J.A.1    Diette, G.B.2    Skinner, E.A.3    Clark, B.D.4    Steinwachs, D.5    Wu, A.W.6
  • 17
    • 0028269340 scopus 로고
    • The impact of socioeconomic status on the intensity of ambulatory treatment and health outcomes after hospital discharge for adults with asthma
    • Haas JS, Cleary PD, Guadagnoli E, Fanta C, Epstein AM. The impact of socioeconomic status on the intensity of ambulatory treatment and health outcomes after hospital discharge for adults with asthma. J Gen Intern Med 1994 9 : 121 6.
    • (1994) J Gen Intern Med , vol.9 , pp. 121-6
    • Haas, J.S.1    Cleary, P.D.2    Guadagnoli, E.3    Fanta, C.4    Epstein, A.M.5
  • 18
    • 42249090855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can equal access to care eliminate racial disparities in pediatric asthma outcomes?
    • Forester JP, Ong BA, Fallot A. Can equal access to care eliminate racial disparities in pediatric asthma outcomes? J Asthma 2008 45 : 211 4.
    • (2008) J Asthma , vol.45 , pp. 211-4
    • Forester, J.P.1    Ong, B.A.2    Fallot, A.3
  • 19
    • 36248984284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inner-city asthma: The role of the community
    • Persky V, Turyk M, Piorkowski J et al. Inner-city asthma: the role of the community. Chest 2007 132 (Suppl.) : 831S 9S.
    • (2007) Chest , vol.132
    • Persky, V.1    Turyk, M.2    Piorkowski, J.3
  • 20
    • 44149087089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide screen for asthma in Puerto Ricans: Evidence for association with 5q23 region
    • Choudhry S, Taub M, Mei R et al. Genome-wide screen for asthma in Puerto Ricans: evidence for association with 5q23 region. Hum Genet 2008 123 : 455 68.
    • (2008) Hum Genet , vol.123 , pp. 455-68
    • Choudhry, S.1    Taub, M.2    Mei, R.3
  • 21
    • 33646901002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship of rhinovirus-associated asthma hospitalizations with inhaled corticosteroids and smoking
    • Venarske DL, Busse WW, Griffin MR et al. The relationship of rhinovirus-associated asthma hospitalizations with inhaled corticosteroids and smoking. J Infect Dis 2006 193 : 1536 43.
    • (2006) J Infect Dis , vol.193 , pp. 1536-43
    • Venarske, D.L.1    Busse, W.W.2    Griffin, M.R.3
  • 22
    • 28744451639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multiple cause-of-death analysis of asthma mortality in the United States, 1990-2001
    • McCoy L, Redelings M, Sorvillo F, Simon P. A multiple cause-of-death analysis of asthma mortality in the United States, 1990-2001. J Asthma 2005 42 : 757 63.
    • (2005) J Asthma , vol.42 , pp. 757-63
    • McCoy, L.1    Redelings, M.2    Sorvillo, F.3    Simon, P.4
  • 24
    • 33846176158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent asthma exacerbations: A key predictor of future exacerbations
    • Miller MK, Lee JH, Miller DP, Wenzel SE. Recent asthma exacerbations: a key predictor of future exacerbations. Respir Med 2007 101 : 481 9.
    • (2007) Respir Med , vol.101 , pp. 481-9
    • Miller, M.K.1    Lee, J.H.2    Miller, D.P.3    Wenzel, S.E.4
  • 26
    • 0042573806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of interleukin-5 and eotaxin with acute exacerbation of asthma
    • Park SW, Kim DJ, Chang HS et al. Association of interleukin-5 and eotaxin with acute exacerbation of asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2003 131 : 283 90.
    • (2003) Int Arch Allergy Immunol , vol.131 , pp. 283-90
    • Park, S.W.1    Kim, D.J.2    Chang, H.S.3
  • 27
    • 42749090393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and asthma: Possible mechanisms
    • quiz 94-5.
    • Shore SA. Obesity and asthma: possible mechanisms. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008 121 : 1087 93 quiz 94-5.
    • (2008) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.121 , pp. 1087-93
    • Shore, S.A.1
  • 28
    • 34250746427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of obesity on airway inflammation: A cross-sectional analysis of body mass index and sputum cell counts
    • Todd DC, Armstrong S, D'Silva L, Allen CJ, Hargreave FE, Parameswaran K. Effect of obesity on airway inflammation: a cross-sectional analysis of body mass index and sputum cell counts. Clin Exp Allergy 2007 37 : 1049 54.
    • (2007) Clin Exp Allergy , vol.37 , pp. 1049-54
    • Todd, D.C.1    Armstrong, S.2    D'Silva, L.3    Allen, C.J.4    Hargreave, F.E.5    Parameswaran, K.6
  • 29
    • 19844375420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asthma exacerbations in North American adults: Who are the "frequent fliers" in the emergency department?
    • Griswold SK, Nordstrom CR, Clark S, Gaeta TJ, Price ML, Camargo Jr. CA. Asthma exacerbations in North American adults: who are the "frequent fliers" in the emergency department? Chest 2005 127 : 1579 86.
    • (2005) Chest , vol.127 , pp. 1579-86
    • Griswold, S.K.1    Nordstrom, C.R.2    Clark, S.3    Gaeta, T.J.4    Price, M.L.5    Camargojr., C.A.6
  • 30
    • 33845987340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the severe asthma phenotype by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Severe Asthma Research Program
    • Moore WC, Bleecker ER, Curran-Everett D et al. Characterization of the severe asthma phenotype by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Severe Asthma Research Program. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007 119 : 405 13.
    • (2007) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.119 , pp. 405-13
    • Moore, W.C.1    Bleecker, E.R.2    Curran-Everett, D.3
  • 31
    • 30544444495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterisation of patients with frequent exacerbation of asthma
    • Koga T, Oshita Y, Kamimura T, Koga H, Aizawa H. Characterisation of patients with frequent exacerbation of asthma. Respir Med 2006 100 : 273 8.
    • (2006) Respir Med , vol.100 , pp. 273-8
    • Koga, T.1    Oshita, Y.2    Kamimura, T.3    Koga, H.4    Aizawa, H.5
  • 32
    • 27744437460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors of frequent exacerbations in difficult-to-treat asthma
    • ten Brinke A, Sterk PJ, Masclee AA et al. Risk factors of frequent exacerbations in difficult-to-treat asthma. Eur Respir J 2005 26 : 812 8.
    • (2005) Eur Respir J , vol.26 , pp. 812-8
    • Ten Brinke, A.1    Sterk, P.J.2    Masclee, A.A.3
  • 33
    • 34047198677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Near-fatal asthma phenotype in the ENFUMOSA Cohort
    • Romagnoli M, Caramori G, Braccioni F et al. Near-fatal asthma phenotype in the ENFUMOSA Cohort. Clin Exp Allergy 2007 37 : 552 7.
    • (2007) Clin Exp Allergy , vol.37 , pp. 552-7
    • Romagnoli, M.1    Caramori, G.2    Braccioni, F.3
  • 34
  • 35
    • 0026338048 scopus 로고
    • Near-fatal asthma: Clinical and physiologic features, perception of bronchoconstriction, and psychologic profile
    • Boulet LP, Deschesnes F, Turcotte H, Gignac F. Near-fatal asthma: clinical and physiologic features, perception of bronchoconstriction, and psychologic profile. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1991 88 : 838 46.
    • (1991) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.88 , pp. 838-46
    • Boulet, L.P.1    Deschesnes, F.2    Turcotte, H.3    Gignac, F.4
  • 36
    • 25844434701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of risk factors associated with near-fatal and fatal asthma
    • Alvarez GG, Schulzer M, Jung D, Fitzgerald JM. A systematic review of risk factors associated with near-fatal and fatal asthma. Can Respir J 2005 12 : 265 70.
    • (2005) Can Respir J , vol.12 , pp. 265-70
    • Alvarez, G.G.1    Schulzer, M.2    Jung, D.3    Fitzgerald, J.M.4
  • 37
    • 0034058643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity to fungal allergens is a risk factor for life-threatening asthma
    • Black PN, Udy AA, Brodie SM. Sensitivity to fungal allergens is a risk factor for life-threatening asthma. Allergy 2000 55 : 501 4.
    • (2000) Allergy , vol.55 , pp. 501-4
    • Black, P.N.1    Udy, A.A.2    Brodie, S.M.3
  • 38
    • 0023143612 scopus 로고
    • Rate of decline of lung function in subjects with asthma
    • Peat JK, Woolcock AJ, Cullen K. Rate of decline of lung function in subjects with asthma. Eur J Respir Dis 1987 70 : 171 9.
    • (1987) Eur J Respir Dis , vol.70 , pp. 171-9
    • Peat, J.K.1    Woolcock, A.J.2    Cullen, K.3
  • 39
    • 0032558685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 15-year follow-up study of ventilatory function in adults with asthma
    • Lange P, Parner J, Vestbo J, Schnohr P, Jensen G. A 15-year follow-up study of ventilatory function in adults with asthma. N Engl J Med 1998 339 : 1194 200.
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.339 , pp. 1194-200
    • Lange, P.1    Parner, J.2    Vestbo, J.3    Schnohr, P.4    Jensen, G.5
  • 40
    • 30344466351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between lung function and asthma symptoms in patients with difficult to control asthma
    • Aburuz S, McElnay J, Gamble J, Millership J, Heaney L. Relationship between lung function and asthma symptoms in patients with difficult to control asthma. J Asthma 2005 42 : 859 64.
    • (2005) J Asthma , vol.42 , pp. 859-64
    • Aburuz, S.1    McElnay, J.2    Gamble, J.3    Millership, J.4    Heaney, L.5
  • 41
    • 35448945222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing future need for acute care in adult asthmatics: The Profile of Asthma Risk Study: A prospective health maintenance organization-based study
    • Osborne ML, Pedula KL, O'Hollaren M et al. Assessing future need for acute care in adult asthmatics: the Profile of Asthma Risk Study: a prospective health maintenance organization-based study. Chest 2007 132 : 1151 61.
    • (2007) Chest , vol.132 , pp. 1151-61
    • Osborne, M.L.1    Pedula, K.L.2    O'Hollaren, M.3
  • 42
    • 35949002726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe exacerbations predict excess lung function decline in asthma
    • Bai TR, Vonk JM, Postma DS, Boezen HM. Severe exacerbations predict excess lung function decline in asthma. Eur Respir J 2007 30 : 452 6.
    • (2007) Eur Respir J , vol.30 , pp. 452-6
    • Bai, T.R.1    Vonk, J.M.2    Postma, D.S.3    Boezen, H.M.4
  • 43
    • 0042330176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased circulating 92 kDa matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) activity in exacerbations of asthma
    • Oshita Y, Koga T, Kamimura T, Matsuo K, Rikimaru T, Aizawa H. Increased circulating 92 kDa matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) activity in exacerbations of asthma. Thorax 2003 58 : 757 60.
    • (2003) Thorax , vol.58 , pp. 757-60
    • Oshita, Y.1    Koga, T.2    Kamimura, T.3    Matsuo, K.4    Rikimaru, T.5    Aizawa, H.6
  • 44
    • 36849031788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epithelium dysfunction in asthma
    • quiz 45-6.
    • Holgate ST. Epithelium dysfunction in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007 120 : 1233 44 quiz 45-6.
    • (2007) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.120 , pp. 1233-44
    • Holgate, S.T.1
  • 45
    • 0030819165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathology of asthma
    • Hogg JC. The pathology of asthma. APMIS 1997 105 : 735 45.
    • (1997) APMIS , vol.105 , pp. 735-45
    • Hogg, J.C.1
  • 46
    • 0037812532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of airway plugging in fatal asthma
    • Kuyper LM, Pare PD, Hogg JC et al. Characterization of airway plugging in fatal asthma. Am J Med 2003 115 : 6 11.
    • (2003) Am J Med , vol.115 , pp. 6-11
    • Kuyper, L.M.1    Pare, P.D.2    Hogg, J.C.3
  • 47
    • 0026046420 scopus 로고
    • Safety and possible efficacy of fiberoptic bronchoscopy with lavage in the management of refractory asthma with mucous impaction
    • Lang DM, Simon RA, Mathison DA, Timms RM, Stevenson DD. Safety and possible efficacy of fiberoptic bronchoscopy with lavage in the management of refractory asthma with mucous impaction. Ann Allergy 1991 67 : 324 30.
    • (1991) Ann Allergy , vol.67 , pp. 324-30
    • Lang, D.M.1    Simon, R.A.2    Mathison, D.A.3    Timms, R.M.4    Stevenson, D.D.5
  • 48
    • 0002543851 scopus 로고
    • The pathology of asthma, with special reference to changes in the bronchial mucosa
    • Dunnill MS. The pathology of asthma, with special reference to changes in the bronchial mucosa. J Clin Pathol 1960 13 : 27 33.
    • (1960) J Clin Pathol , vol.13 , pp. 27-33
    • Dunnill, M.S.1
  • 49
    • 0027525233 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory viruses and exacerbations of asthma in adults
    • Nicholson KG, Kent J, Ireland DC. Respiratory viruses and exacerbations of asthma in adults. BMJ 1993 307 : 982 6.
    • (1993) BMJ , vol.307 , pp. 982-6
    • Nicholson, K.G.1    Kent, J.2    Ireland, D.C.3
  • 50
    • 4344716136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viral infections in relation to age, atopy, and season of admission among children hospitalized for wheezing
    • Heymann PW, Carper HT, Murphy DD et al. Viral infections in relation to age, atopy, and season of admission among children hospitalized for wheezing. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004 114 : 239 47.
    • (2004) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.114 , pp. 239-47
    • Heymann, P.W.1    Carper, H.T.2    Murphy, D.D.3
  • 51
    • 0036153548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutrophil degranulation and cell lysis is associated with clinical severity in virus-induced asthma
    • Wark PA, Johnston SL, Moric I, Simpson JL, Hensley MJ, Gibson PG. Neutrophil degranulation and cell lysis is associated with clinical severity in virus-induced asthma. Eur Respir J 2002 19 : 68 75.
    • (2002) Eur Respir J , vol.19 , pp. 68-75
    • Wark, P.A.1    Johnston, S.L.2    Moric, I.3    Simpson, J.L.4    Hensley, M.J.5    Gibson, P.G.6
  • 52
    • 23644441525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-10 gene expression in acute virus-induced asthma
    • Grissell TV, Powell H, Shafren DR et al. Interleukin-10 gene expression in acute virus-induced asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005 172 : 433 9.
    • (2005) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.172 , pp. 433-9
    • Grissell, T.V.1    Powell, H.2    Shafren, D.R.3
  • 53
    • 0032556660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiratory tract viral infections in inner-city asthmatic adults
    • Atmar RL, Guy E, Guntupalli KK et al. Respiratory tract viral infections in inner-city asthmatic adults. Arch Intern Med 1998 158 : 2453 9.
    • (1998) Arch Intern Med , vol.158 , pp. 2453-9
    • Atmar, R.L.1    Guy, E.2    Guntupalli, K.K.3
  • 54
    • 0028990124 scopus 로고
    • Community study of role of viral infections in exacerbations of asthma in 9-11 year old children
    • Johnston SL, Pattemore PK, Sanderson G et al. Community study of role of viral infections in exacerbations of asthma in 9-11 year old children. BMJ 1995 310 : 1225 9.
    • (1995) BMJ , vol.310 , pp. 1225-9
    • Johnston, S.L.1    Pattemore, P.K.2    Sanderson, G.3
  • 55
    • 0037196927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergism between allergens and viruses and risk of hospital admission with asthma: Case-control study
    • Green RM, Custovic A, Sanderson G, Hunter J, Johnston SL, Woodcock A. Synergism between allergens and viruses and risk of hospital admission with asthma: case-control study. BMJ 2002 324 : 763.
    • (2002) BMJ , vol.324 , pp. 763
    • Green, R.M.1    Custovic, A.2    Sanderson, G.3    Hunter, J.4    Johnston, S.L.5    Woodcock, A.6
  • 56
    • 0037323122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical pathogen infection in adults with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma
    • Lieberman D, Printz S, Ben-Yaakov M et al. Atypical pathogen infection in adults with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003 167 : 406 10.
    • (2003) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.167 , pp. 406-10
    • Lieberman, D.1    Printz, S.2    Ben-Yaakov, M.3
  • 57
    • 34548514438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pan-viral screening of respiratory tract infections in adults with and without asthma reveals unexpected human coronavirus and human rhinovirus diversity
    • Kistler A, Avila PC, Rouskin S et al. Pan-viral screening of respiratory tract infections in adults with and without asthma reveals unexpected human coronavirus and human rhinovirus diversity. J Infect Dis 2007 196 : 817 25.
    • (2007) J Infect Dis , vol.196 , pp. 817-25
    • Kistler, A.1    Avila, P.C.2    Rouskin, S.3
  • 58
    • 0024557812 scopus 로고
    • Rhinovirus upper respiratory infection increases airway hyperreactivity and late asthmatic reactions
    • Lemanske Jr. RF, Dick EC, Swenson CA, Vrtis RF, Busse WW. Rhinovirus upper respiratory infection increases airway hyperreactivity and late asthmatic reactions. J Clin Invest 1989 83 : 1 10.
    • (1989) J Clin Invest , vol.83 , pp. 1-10
    • Lemanskejr., R.F.1    Dick, E.C.2    Swenson, C.A.3    Vrtis, R.F.4    Busse, W.W.5
  • 59
    • 0026346092 scopus 로고
    • Experimental rhinovirus 16 infection potentiates histamine release after antigen bronchoprovocation in allergic subjects
    • Calhoun WJ, Swenson CA, Dick EC, Schwartz LB, Lemanske Jr. RF, Busse WW. Experimental rhinovirus 16 infection potentiates histamine release after antigen bronchoprovocation in allergic subjects. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991 144 : 1267 73.
    • (1991) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.144 , pp. 1267-73
    • Calhoun, W.J.1    Swenson, C.A.2    Dick, E.C.3    Schwartz, L.B.4    Lemanskejr., R.F.5    Busse, W.W.6
  • 60
    • 0028020586 scopus 로고
    • A common cold virus, rhinovirus 16, potentiates airway inflammation after segmental antigen bronchoprovocation in allergic subjects
    • Calhoun WJ, Dick EC, Schwartz LB, Busse WW. A common cold virus, rhinovirus 16, potentiates airway inflammation after segmental antigen bronchoprovocation in allergic subjects. J Clin Invest 1994 94 : 2200 8.
    • (1994) J Clin Invest , vol.94 , pp. 2200-8
    • Calhoun, W.J.1    Dick, E.C.2    Schwartz, L.B.3    Busse, W.W.4
  • 62
    • 32044440119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rhinovirus induces airway epithelial gene expression through double-stranded RNA and IFN-dependent pathways
    • Chen Y, Hamati E, Lee PK et al. Rhinovirus induces airway epithelial gene expression through double-stranded RNA and IFN-dependent pathways. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2006 34 : 192 203.
    • (2006) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.34 , pp. 192-203
    • Chen, Y.1    Hamati, E.2    Lee, P.K.3
  • 64
    • 0030961265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of virus induced exacerbations of asthma
    • Corne JM, Holgate ST. Mechanisms of virus induced exacerbations of asthma. Thorax 1997 52 : 380 9.
    • (1997) Thorax , vol.52 , pp. 380-9
    • Corne, J.M.1    Holgate, S.T.2
  • 65
    • 0029278910 scopus 로고
    • Prominent neutrophilic inflammation in sputum from subjects with asthma exacerbation
    • Fahy JV, Kim KW, Liu J, Boushey HA. Prominent neutrophilic inflammation in sputum from subjects with asthma exacerbation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995 95 : 843 52.
    • (1995) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.95 , pp. 843-52
    • Fahy, J.V.1    Kim, K.W.2    Liu, J.3    Boushey, H.A.4
  • 66
    • 0343527389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased neutrophil numbers and IL-8 levels in airway secretions in acute severe asthma: Clinical and biologic significance
    • Ordonez CL, Shaughnessy TE, Matthay MA, Fahy JV. Increased neutrophil numbers and IL-8 levels in airway secretions in acute severe asthma: Clinical and biologic significance. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000 161 (Part 1) : 1185 90.
    • (2000) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.161 , Issue.1 , pp. 1185-90
    • Ordonez, C.L.1    Shaughnessy, T.E.2    Matthay, M.A.3    Fahy, J.V.4
  • 67
    • 0031888467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bronchial neutrophilia in patients with noninfectious status asthmaticus
    • Lamblin C, Gosset P, Tillie-Leblond I et al. Bronchial neutrophilia in patients with noninfectious status asthmaticus. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998 157 : 394 402.
    • (1998) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.157 , pp. 394-402
    • Lamblin, C.1    Gosset, P.2    Tillie-Leblond, I.3
  • 68
    • 34250868285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoids enhance or spare innate immunity: Effects in airway epithelium are mediated by CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins
    • Zhang N, Truong-Tran QA, Tancowny B, Harris KE, Schleimer RP. Glucocorticoids enhance or spare innate immunity: effects in airway epithelium are mediated by CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins. J Immunol 2007 179 : 578 89.
    • (2007) J Immunol , vol.179 , pp. 578-89
    • Zhang, N.1    Truong-Tran, Q.A.2    Tancowny, B.3    Harris, K.E.4    Schleimer, R.P.5
  • 69
    • 0024542689 scopus 로고
    • The major human rhinovirus receptor is ICAM-1
    • Greve JM, Davis G, Meyer AM et al. The major human rhinovirus receptor is ICAM-1. Cell 1989 56 : 839 47.
    • (1989) Cell , vol.56 , pp. 839-47
    • Greve, J.M.1    Davis, G.2    Meyer, A.M.3
  • 70
    • 0035909372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-kappaB by Toll-like receptor 3
    • Alexopoulou L, Holt AC, Medzhitov R, Flavell RA. Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-kappaB by Toll-like receptor 3. Nature 2001 413 : 732 8.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.413 , pp. 732-8
    • Alexopoulou, L.1    Holt, A.C.2    Medzhitov, R.3    Flavell, R.A.4
  • 71
    • 0041662272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integration of interferon-alpha/beta signalling to p53 responses in tumour suppression and antiviral defence
    • Takaoka A, Hayakawa S, Yanai H et al. Integration of interferon-alpha/ beta signalling to p53 responses in tumour suppression and antiviral defence. Nature 2003 424 : 516 23.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.424 , pp. 516-23
    • Takaoka, A.1    Hayakawa, S.2    Yanai, H.3
  • 75
    • 0034521180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of upper and lower airway cytokines to outcome of experimental rhinovirus infection
    • Gern JE, Vrtis R, Grindle KA, Swenson C, Busse WW. Relationship of upper and lower airway cytokines to outcome of experimental rhinovirus infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000 162 : 2226 31.
    • (2000) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.162 , pp. 2226-31
    • Gern, J.E.1    Vrtis, R.2    Grindle, K.A.3    Swenson, C.4    Busse, W.W.5
  • 76
    • 0038216584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking among asthmatic adults presenting to 64 emergency departments
    • Silverman RA, Boudreaux ED, Woodruff PG, Clark S, Camargo Jr. CA. Cigarette smoking among asthmatic adults presenting to 64 emergency departments. Chest 2003 123 : 1472 9.
    • (2003) Chest , vol.123 , pp. 1472-9
    • Silverman, R.A.1    Boudreaux, E.D.2    Woodruff, P.G.3    Clark, S.4    Camargojr., C.A.5
  • 78
    • 33750069111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epithelial mucin stores are increased in the large airways of smokers with airflow obstruction
    • Innes AL, Woodruff PG, Ferrando RE et al. Epithelial mucin stores are increased in the large airways of smokers with airflow obstruction. Chest 2006 130 : 1102 8.
    • (2006) Chest , vol.130 , pp. 1102-8
    • Innes, A.L.1    Woodruff, P.G.2    Ferrando, R.E.3
  • 79
    • 33845936340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with acute health care use in a national adult asthma management program
    • Ng TP, Lim TK, Abisheganaden J, Eng P, Sin FL. Factors associated with acute health care use in a national adult asthma management program. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2006 97 : 784 93.
    • (2006) Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol , vol.97 , pp. 784-93
    • Ng, T.P.1    Lim, T.K.2    Abisheganaden, J.3    Eng, P.4    Sin, F.L.5
  • 81
    • 17144403499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asthmatic bronchial epithelial cells have a deficient innate immune response to infection with rhinovirus
    • Wark PA, Johnston SL, Bucchieri F et al. Asthmatic bronchial epithelial cells have a deficient innate immune response to infection with rhinovirus. J Exp Med 2005 201 : 937 47.
    • (2005) J Exp Med , vol.201 , pp. 937-47
    • Wark, P.A.1    Johnston, S.L.2    Bucchieri, F.3
  • 82
    • 33748446393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of deficient type III interferon-lambda production in asthma exacerbations
    • Contoli M, Message SD, Laza-Stanca V et al. Role of deficient type III interferon-lambda production in asthma exacerbations. Nat Med 2006 12 : 1023 6.
    • (2006) Nat Med , vol.12 , pp. 1023-6
    • Contoli, M.1    Message, S.D.2    Laza-Stanca, V.3
  • 83
    • 33845988321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL4R alpha mutations are associated with asthma exacerbations and mast cell/IgE expression
    • Wenzel SE, Balzar S, Ampleford E et al. IL4R alpha mutations are associated with asthma exacerbations and mast cell/IgE expression. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007 175 : 570 6.
    • (2007) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.175 , pp. 570-6
    • Wenzel, S.E.1    Balzar, S.2    Ampleford, E.3
  • 84
    • 3142655932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological management to reduce exacerbations in adults with asthma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Sin DD, Man J, Sharpe H, Gan WQ, Man SF. Pharmacological management to reduce exacerbations in adults with asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2004 292 : 367 76.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.292 , pp. 367-76
    • Sin, D.D.1    Man, J.2    Sharpe, H.3    Gan, W.Q.4    Man, S.F.5
  • 85
    • 0034929204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The anti-inflammatory effects of leukotriene-modifying drugs and their use in asthma
    • Salvi SS, Krishna MT, Sampson AP, Holgate ST. The anti-inflammatory effects of leukotriene-modifying drugs and their use in asthma. Chest 2001 119 : 1533 46.
    • (2001) Chest , vol.119 , pp. 1533-46
    • Salvi, S.S.1    Krishna, M.T.2    Sampson, A.P.3    Holgate, S.T.4
  • 86
    • 0037372118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The salmeterol/fluticasone combination is more effective than fluticasone plus oral montelukast in asthma
    • Ringdal N, Eliraz A, Pruzinec R et al. The salmeterol/fluticasone combination is more effective than fluticasone plus oral montelukast in asthma. Respir Med 2003 97 : 234 41.
    • (2003) Respir Med , vol.97 , pp. 234-41
    • Ringdal, N.1    Eliraz, A.2    Pruzinec, R.3
  • 87
    • 0034065786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of dexamethasone on rhinovirus infection in cultured human tracheal epithelial cells
    • Suzuki T, Yamaya M, Sekizawa K et al. Effects of dexamethasone on rhinovirus infection in cultured human tracheal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2000 278 : L560 71.
    • (2000) Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol , vol.278
    • Suzuki, T.1    Yamaya, M.2    Sekizawa, K.3
  • 88
    • 0032938331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical control and histopathologic outcome of asthma when using airway hyperresponsiveness as an additional guide to long-term treatment. the AMPUL Study Group
    • Sont JK, Willems LN, Bel EH, van Krieken JH, Vandenbroucke JP, Sterk PJ. Clinical control and histopathologic outcome of asthma when using airway hyperresponsiveness as an additional guide to long-term treatment. The AMPUL Study Group. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999 159 (Part 1) : 1043 51.
    • (1999) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.159 , Issue.1 , pp. 1043-51
    • Sont, J.K.1    Willems, L.N.2    Bel, E.H.3    Van Krieken, J.H.4    Vandenbroucke, J.P.5    Sterk, P.J.6
  • 89
    • 4444232912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of treatment with anti-immunoglobulin e antibody omalizumab on airway inflammation in allergic asthma
    • Djukanovic R, Wilson SJ, Kraft M et al. Effects of treatment with anti-immunoglobulin E antibody omalizumab on airway inflammation in allergic asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004 170 : 583 93.
    • (2004) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.170 , pp. 583-93
    • Djukanovic, R.1    Wilson, S.J.2    Kraft, M.3
  • 90
    • 0034089441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of mast cells and basophils in inflammation
    • Holgate ST. The role of mast cells and basophils in inflammation. Clin Exp Allergy 2000 30 (Suppl. 1) : 28 32.
    • (2000) Clin Exp Allergy , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 28-32
    • Holgate, S.T.1
  • 92
    • 42549112727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response to Campbell, Spackman, Sullivan letter to Allergy
    • Brown R, Turk F, Dale P, Bousquet J. Response to Campbell, Spackman, Sullivan letter to Allergy. Allergy 2008 63 : 783.
    • (2008) Allergy , vol.63 , pp. 783
    • Brown, R.1    Turk, F.2    Dale, P.3    Bousquet, J.4
  • 93
    • 42549154437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of omalizumab for the treatment of severe allergic asthma
    • Sullivan SD, Turk F. An evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of omalizumab for the treatment of severe allergic asthma. Allergy 2008 63 : 670 84.
    • (2008) Allergy , vol.63 , pp. 670-84
    • Sullivan, S.D.1    Turk, F.2
  • 94
    • 43149100572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacoeconomic review of medical management of persistent asthma
    • Cheng JW, Arnold RJ. Pharmacoeconomic review of medical management of persistent asthma. Allergy Asthma Proc 2008 29 : 109 22.
    • (2008) Allergy Asthma Proc , vol.29 , pp. 109-22
    • Cheng, J.W.1    Arnold, R.J.2
  • 95
    • 44649144491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Questioning the economic evaluation of omalizumab
    • author reply -5.
    • Revicki D, Brown R, Dale P. Questioning the economic evaluation of omalizumab. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008 121 : 1514 author reply -5.
    • (2008) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.121 , pp. 1514
    • Revicki, D.1    Brown, R.2    Dale, P.3
  • 96
    • 35648974285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost-effectiveness of omalizumab in adults with severe asthma: Results from the Asthma Policy Model
    • Wu AC, Paltiel AD, Kuntz KM, Weiss ST, Fuhlbrigge AL. Cost-effectiveness of omalizumab in adults with severe asthma: results from the Asthma Policy Model. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007 120 : 1146 52.
    • (2007) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.120 , pp. 1146-52
    • Wu, A.C.1    Paltiel, A.D.2    Kuntz, K.M.3    Weiss, S.T.4    Fuhlbrigge, A.L.5
  • 97
    • 35649026329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Omalizumab for severe allergic asthma: Dollars and sense
    • Krishnan JA, Gould M. Omalizumab for severe allergic asthma: dollars and sense. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007 120 : 1015 7.
    • (2007) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.120 , pp. 1015-7
    • Krishnan, J.A.1    Gould, M.2
  • 98
    • 0034917205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild exacerbations and eosinophilic inflammation in patients with stable, well-controlled asthma after 1 year of follow-up
    • Belda J, Giner J, Casan P, Sanchis J. Mild exacerbations and eosinophilic inflammation in patients with stable, well-controlled asthma after 1 year of follow-up. Chest 2001 119 : 1011 7.
    • (2001) Chest , vol.119 , pp. 1011-7
    • Belda, J.1    Giner, J.2    Casan, P.3    Sanchis, J.4
  • 99
    • 0037202790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asthma exacerbations and sputum eosinophil counts: A randomised controlled trial
    • Green RH, Brightling CE, McKenna S et al. Asthma exacerbations and sputum eosinophil counts: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002 360 : 1715 21.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 1715-21
    • Green, R.H.1    Brightling, C.E.2    McKenna, S.3
  • 100
    • 0035888740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between exhaled nitric oxide and mucosal eosinophilic inflammation in children with difficult asthma, after treatment with oral prednisolone
    • Payne DN, Adcock IM, Wilson NM, Oates T, Scallan M, Bush A. Relationship between exhaled nitric oxide and mucosal eosinophilic inflammation in children with difficult asthma, after treatment with oral prednisolone. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001 164 (Part 1) : 1376 81.
    • (2001) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.164 , Issue.1 , pp. 1376-81
    • Payne, D.N.1    Adcock, I.M.2    Wilson, N.M.3    Oates, T.4    Scallan, M.5    Bush, A.6
  • 101
  • 102
    • 0002619368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airway mucus and the mucociliary system
    • In: MiddletonJr. E., Reed, C.E., Ellis, E.F., AdkinsonJr. N.F., Yunginger, J.W., Busse, W.W., eds. St Louis: Mosby-Year Book Inc., pp.
    • Fahy JV. Airway mucus and the mucociliary system. In : Middleton Jr. E, Reed CE, Ellis EF, Adkinson Jr. NF, Yunginger JW, Busse WW, eds. Allergy principles & practice, 5th Edn. St Louis : Mosby-Year Book Inc., 1998, pp. 520 31.
    • (1998) Allergy Principles & Practice, 5th Edn. , pp. 520-31
    • Fahy, J.V.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.