Differences between brain mass and body weight scaling to height: Potential mechanism of reduced mass-specific resting energy expenditure of taller adults

Journal of Applied Physiology

Volumn 106, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 40-48

  Heymsfield, Steven B ^a   Chirachariyavej, Thamrong ^b   Rhyu, Im Joo ^c   Roongpisuthipong, Chulaporn ^b   Heo, Moonseong ^d   Pietrobelli, Angelo ^e  

^a MERCK RESEARCH LABORATORIES   (United States)

^b MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY   (Thailand)

^c Korea University College of Medicine   (South Korea)

^d ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF VERONA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Body composition; Nutritional requirements

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; ASIAN; BODY HEIGHT; BODY WEIGHT; BRAIN SIZE; DUAL ENERGY X RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; ENERGY EXPENDITURE; HUMAN; KOREA; MALE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESTING ENERGY EXPENDITURE; SKELETAL MUSCLE; THAILAND; THEORY; UNITED STATES;

ABSORPTIOMETRY, PHOTON; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE FACTORS; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ASIAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; AUTOPSY; BODY COMPOSITION; BODY HEIGHT; BODY WEIGHT; BRAIN; ENERGY METABOLISM; HUMANS; KOREA; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; NEW YORK; ORGAN SIZE; THAILAND; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 58649124751     PISSN: 87507587     EISSN: 15221601     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.91123.2008     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Atwood LD, Wolf PA, Heard-Costa NL, Massaro JM, Beiser A, D'Agostino RB, DeCarli C. Genetic variation in white matter hyperintensity volume in the Framingham Study. Stroke 35: 1609-1613, 2004.
2. Calder WA Jr. Size, Function, and Life History. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press, 1984.
3. Chirachariyavej T, Limburanasombat S, Tiensuwan M. The relationship between bone and ash weight to body weight and body length of Thai corpses in Bangkok and central part of Thailand after cremation. J Med Assoc Thai 90: 1872-1878, 2007.
4. Chirachariyavej T, Ouyswat K, Sanggarnjanavanich S, Tiensuwan M, Peonim V, Sirikulchayanonta V. Normal internal organ weight of Thai adults correlated to body length and body weight. J Med Assoc Thai 89: 1702-1712, 2006.
5. Cox J, Jackson AP, Bond J, Woods CG. What primary microcephaly can tell us about brain growth. Trends Mol Med 12: 358 -366, 2006.
6. 5a. Dekaban AS. Changes in brain weights during the span of human life:relation of brain weights to body heights and body weights. Ann Neurol 4: 345-356, 1978.
7. 5b. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine of the National Academies.Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, D. C.: The National Academies Press, 2002. [http://www.nap.edu/books/0309085373/html/].
8. Freda PU, Shen W, Heymsfield SB, Reyes-Vidal CM, Geer EB, Bruce JN, Gallagher D. Lower visceral and subcutaneous but higher intermus-cular adipose tissue depots in patients with growth hormone and insulinlike growth factor I excess due to acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93: 2334-2343, 2008.
9. Gallagher D, Belmonte D, Deurenberg P, Wang Z, Krasnow N, Pi-Sunyer FX, Heymsfield SB. Organ-tissue mass measurement allows modeling of REE and metabolically active tissue mass. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 275: E249-E258, 1998.
10. Garby L, Lammert O, Kock KF, Thobo-Carlsen B. Weights of brain, heart, liver, kidneys, and spleen in healthy and apparently healthy adult Danish subjects. Am J Hum Biol 5: 291-296, 1993.
11. Giedd JN. Structural magnetic resonance imaging of the adolescent brain. Ann NY Acad Sci 1021: 77-85, 2004.
12. Harris J, Benedict F. A Biometric Study ofBasal Metabolism in Man. Washington, D. C.: Carnegie Institute of Washington, 1919.
13. Hartmann P, Ramseier A, Gudat F, Mihatsch MJ, Polasek W. [Normal weight of the brain in adults in relation to age, sex, body height and weight.] Pathologe 15: 165-170, 1994.
14. Hayes M, Chustek M, Wang Z, Gallagher D, Heshka S, Spungen A, Bauman W, Heymsfield SB. DXA: potential for creating a metabolic map of organ-tissue resting energy expenditure components. Obes Res 10: 969 -977, 2002.
15. Heymsfield SB, Childers D, Beetsch J, Allison DB, Pietrobelli A. Body size and human energy requirements: reduced mass-specific resting energy expenditure in tall adults. J Appl Physiol 103: 1543-1550, 2007.
16. Heymsfield SB, Gallagher D, Mayer L, Beetsch J, Pietrobelli A. Scaling of human body composition to stature: new insights into body mass index. Am J Clin Nutr 86: 82-91, 2007.
17. Hizli S, Abaci A, Büyükgebiz B, Büyükgebiz A. Nutritional stunting. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 4: 186-195, 2007.
18. Holloway RL. Within-species brain-body weight variability: a reexamination of the Danish data and other primate species. Am J Phys Anthropol 53: 109-121, 1980.
19. Ho KC, Roessmann U, Straumfjord JV, Monroe G. Analysis of brain weight. II. Adult brain weight in relation to body height, weight, and surface area. Arch Pathol Lab Med 104: 640- 645, 1980.
20. Jones A Jr, Shen W, St-Onge MP, Gallagher D, Heshka S, Wang Z, Heymsfield SB. Body-composition differences between African American and white women: relation to resting energy requirements. Am J Clin Nutr 79: 780-786, 2004.
21. Kaitaniemi P. Testing the allometric scaling laws. J Theor Biol 228: 149-153, 2004.
22. Koh I, Lee MS, Lee NJ, Park KW, Kim KH, Kim H, Rhyu IJ. Body size effect on brain volume in Korean youth. Neuroreport 16: 2029 -2032, 2005.
23. Lettre G, Jackson AU, Gieger C, Schumacher FR, Berndt SI, Sauna S, Eyheramendy S, Voight BF, Butler JL, Guiducci C, Illig T, Hackett R, Heid IM, Jacobs KB, Lyssenko V, Uda M; Diabetes Genetics Initiative; FUSION; KORA; Prostate, Lung Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial; Nurses' Health Study; SardiNIA, Boehnke M, Chanock SJ, Groop LC, Hu FB, Isomaa B, Kraft P, Peltonen L, Salomaa V, Schlessinger D, Hunter DJ, Hayes RB, Abecasis GR, Wichmann HE, Mohlke KL, Hirschhorn JN. Identification of ten loci associated with height highlights new biological pathways in human growth. Nat Genet 40: 584-591, 2008.
24. Lindstedt SL, Boyce MS. Seasonality, fasting endurance, and body size in mammals. Am Nat 125: 873-878, 1985.
25. Lusk G. The Science of Nutrition (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, 1928.
26. Millar JS, Hickling GJ. Fasting endurance and the evolution of mammalian body size. Funct Ecol 4: 5-12, 1990.
27. Narongchai P, Narongchai S. Study of the normal internal organ weights in Thai population. J Med Assoc Thai 91: 747-753, 2008.
28. Nevill AM, Holder RL. Scaling, normalizing, and per ratio standards: an allometric modeling approach. J Appl Physiol 79: 1027-1031, 1995.
29. Nopoulos P, Flaum M, O'Leary D, Andreasen NC. Sexual dimorphism in the human brain: evaluation of tissue volume, tissue composition and surface anatomy using magnetic resonance imaging. Psychiatry Res 98: 1-13, 2000.
30. Pakkenberg H, Voigt J. Brain weight of the Danes. Acta Anat (Basel) 56: 297-307, 1964.
31. Park S, Lee JK, Kim JI, Lee YJ, Lim YK, Kim CS, Lee C. In vivo organ mass of Korean adults obtained from whole-body magnetic resonance data. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 118: 275-279, 2006.
32. Passingham RE. Brain size and intelligence in man. Brain Behav Evol 16: 253-270, 1979.
33. Peters M, Jäncke L, Staiger JF, Schlaug G, Huang Y, Steinmetz H. Unsolved problems in comparing brain sizes in Homo sapiens. Brain Cogn 37: 254-285, 1998.
34. Powers JM. Practice guidelines for autopsy pathology. Autopsy procedures for brain, spinal cord, and neuromuscular system Autopsy Committee of the College of American Pathologists. Arch Pathol Lab Med 119: 777-783, 1995.
35. Pierson RN Jr, Wang J, Heymsfield SB, Russell-Aulet M, Mazariegos M, Tierney M, Smith R, Thornton JC, Kehayias J, Weber DA. Measuring body fat: calibrating the rulers. Intermethod comparisons in 389 normal Caucasian subjects. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 261: E103-E108, 1991.
36. Quetelet LAJ. A Treatise on Man and the Development of his Faculties. Edinburgh: Chambers, 1842. In: Comparative Statistics in the 19th Century. Farnborough, UK: Gregg International, 1973.
37. Shea BT, Hammer RE, Brinster RL. Growth allometry of the organs in giant transgenic mice. Endocrinology 121: 1924 -1930, 1987.
38. Skullerud K. Variations in the size of the human brain. Influence of age, sex, body length, body mass index, alcoholism, Alzheimer changes, and cerebral atherosclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 102: 1-94, 1985.
39. Snyder WS, Cook MJ, Nasset ES, Karhausen LR, Howells GP, Tipton. Report of the Task Group on Reference Man. Oxford, UK:Pergamon, 1975.
40. Spann W, Dustmann HO. [Weight of the human brain and its dependence on age, body length, cause of death and occupation.] Dtsch Z Gesamte Gerichtl Med 56: 299-317, 1965.
41. Webster JD, Hesp R, Garrow JS. The composition of excess weight in obese women estimated by body density, total body water and total body potassium. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr 38: 299-306, 1984.
42. Wheeler PE. The thermoregulatory advantages of large body size for hominids foraging in savannah environments. J Hum Evol 23: 351-362, 1992.
43. Willerman L, Schultz R, Rutledge JN, Bigler ED. In vivo brain size and intelligence. Intelligence 15: 223-238, 1991.
44. Witelson SF, Beresh H, Kigar DL. Intelligence and brain size in 100 postmortem brains: sex, lateralization and age factors. Brain 129: 386-398, 2006.
45. Woods RP, Freimer NB, De Young JA, Fears SC, Sicotte NL, Service SK, Valentino DJ, Toga AW, Mazziotta JC. Normal variants of Micro-cephalin and ASPM do not account for brain size variability. Hum Mol Genet 15: 2025-2029, 2006.