The effects of human age, group composition, and behavior on the likelihood of being injured by attacking pumas

Anthrozoos

Volumn 22, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 77-87

  Coss, Richard G ^a   Fitzhugh, E Lee ^a   Schmid Holmes, Sabine ^a   Kenyon, Marc W ^a   Etling, Kathy ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b University of California Davis ^*

Author keywords

Antipredator behavior; Attack severity; Group composition; Human; Mobbing; Puma

Indexed keywords

AGE STRUCTURE; FELID; GROUP SIZE; INJURY; MOBBING; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTION; PUBLIC ATTITUDE; PUBLIC HEALTH; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS;

PUMA CONCOLOR;

EID: 58449092084     PISSN: 08927936     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2752/175303708X390491     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Agresti, A. 1990. Categorical Data Analysis. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
2. Altmann, S. A. and Altmann, J. 1970. Baboon Ecology. Basel: S. Karger.
3. Beier, P. 1991. Cougar attacks on humans in the United States and Canada. Wildlife Society Bulletin 19: 403-412.
4. Beier, P., Choate, D. and Barrett, R. H. 1995. Movement patterns of mountain lions during different behaviors. Journal of Mammabgy 76: 1056-1070.
5. Boaz, N. T. and Ciochon, R. L. 2004. Headstrong hominids. Natural History 113: 28-34.
6. Boesch, C. 1991. The effects of leopard predation on grouping patterns in forest chimpanzees. Behaviour 117: 220-242.
7. Bramble, D. M. and Lieberman, D. E. 2004. Endurance running and the evolution of Homo. Nature 432:345-352.
8. Caro, T. M. 1995. Pursuit-deterrence revisited. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 10: 500-503.
9. Caro, T. M. 2005. Antipredator Defenses in Birds and Mammals. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
10. Corbett, J. E. 1948. The Man-Eating Leopard of Rudraprayag. New York: Oxford University Press.
11. Coss, R. G., McCowan, B. and Ramakrishnan, U. 2007. Threat-related acoustical differences in alarm calls by wild bonnet macaques (Macaca radlata) elicited by python and leopard models. Ethology 113: 352-367.
12. Coss, R. G. and Moore, M. 2002. Precocious knowledge of trees as antipredator refuge in preschool children: An examination of aesthetics, attributive judgments and relic sexual dinichism. Ecological Psychology 14: 181-222.
13. Crisler, L. 1956. Observations of wolves hunting caribou. Journal of Mammalogy 37: 337-346.
14. Deurbrouck, J. and Miller, D. 2001. Cat Attacks. Seattle: Sasquatch Book.
15. DeVore, I. and Washburn, S. L. 1963. Baboon ecology and human evolution. In African Ecology and Human Evolution, 335-367, ed. F. Clark Howell and F. Bourlière. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company.
16. Domínguez-Rodrigo, M. 2002. Hunting and scavenging by early humans: The state of the debate. Journal of World Prehistory 16:1-54.
17. Etling, K. 2001. Cougar Attacks: Encounters of the Worst Kind. Guilford, CT: The Lyons Press/Globe Pequot Press.
18. Fitzhugh, E. L., Schmid-Holmes, S., Kenyon, M. W. and Etling, K. 2003. Lessening the impact of a puma attack on a human: In Proceedings of the Seventh Mountain Lion Workshop, 89-103, ed. S. A. Becker, D. D. Bjornlie, F. G. Lindzey and D. S. Moody. Lander, Wyoming.
19. Gandini, G. and Baldwin, P. J. 1978. An encounter between chimpanzees and a leopard in Senegal. Carnivore 1:107-109.
20. Gese, E. M. 1999. Threat of predation: do ungulates behave aggressively towards different members of a coyote pack? Canadian Journal of Zoology 77:499-503.
21. Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, M., Byrne, R. W., Takasaki, H. and Byrne, J. M. E. 1986. Aggression toward large carnivores by wild chimpanzees of Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Folia Primatologica 47: 8-13.
22. Husseman, J. S., Murray, D. L., Power, G., Mack, C., Wenger, C. R. and Quigley, H. 2003. Assessing differential prey selection patterns between two sympatric large carnivores. Oikos 101: 591-601.
23. Klein, R. G. 1989. The Human Career. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
24. Kortlandt, A. 1967. Experimentation with chimpanzees in the wild. In Neue Ergebnisse der Primatologie-Progress in Primatology, 208-224, ed. D. Starek, R. Schneiderand H.-J. Kuhn. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag.
25. Marx, B. P. Forsyth, J. P. and Lexington, J. M. 2008. Tonic immobility as an evolved predator defense: Implications for sexual assault survivors. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 15: 74-90.
26. McNay, M. E. 2002. Wolf-human interactions in Alaska and Canada: a review of the case history. Wildlife Society Bulbtin 30: 831-843.
27. Mech, L. D., Meier, T. J. and Burch, J. W. 1995. Patterns of prey selection by wolves in Denali National Park, Alaska. In Ecology and Conservation of Wolves in a Changing World, 231-243, ed. L. N. Carbyn, S. H. Fritts and D. R. Seip. Edmonton: Canadian Circumpolar Institute, University of Alberta.
28. Packer, C., Ikanda, D., Kissui, B. and Kushnir, H. 2005. Lion attacks on humans in Tanzania. Nature 436:927-928.
29. Patterson, J. H. 1986. The Man-Eaters of Tsavo. New York: St. Martin's Press.
30. Smallwood, K. S. 1993. Mountain lion vocalizations and hunting behavior. Southwestern Naturalist 38:65-67.
31. Stankowich, T and Coss, R. G. 2006. Sex differences and the effects of predator behavior on antipredator risk assessment by Columbian blacktailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus). Behavioral Ecology 17: 246-254.
32. Stankowich, T. and Coss, R. G. 2007a. The re-emergence of felid camouflage with the decay of predator recognition in deer under relaxed selection. Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series S 274:175-182.
33. Stankowich, T. and Coss, R. G. 2007b. Linking pre-flight risk assessment and predatory behavior to escape behavior by Columbian blacktailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus). Behavioral Ecology 18: 358-367.
34. Stankowich, T. and Coss, R. G. 2008. Alarm walking in Columbian black-tailed deer: its characterization and possible antipredatory signaling functions. Journal of Mammalogy 89:636-645.
35. Thomas, E. M. 1990. The old ways. The New Yorker, October 15, 78-109.
36. Treves, A. and Naughton-Treves, L. 1999. Risk and opportunity for humans coexisting with large carnivores. Journal of Human Evolution 36:275-282.
37. Wynn, T.G., Tierson, F. D. and Palmer, C. T. 1996. Evolution of sex differences in spatial cognition. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 39:11-42.
38. Zuberbühler, K., Jenny, D. and Bshary, R. 1999. The predator deterrence function of primate alarm calls. Ethobgy 105:477-490.