Stroke: Indian scenario

Circulation

Volumn 118, Issue 25, 2008, Pages 2719-2724

  Das, Shyamal Kumar ^a   Banerjee, Tapas Kumar ^b  

^a BANGUR INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGY   (India)

^b National Neurosciences Centre   (India)

Author keywords

Epidemiology; Hypertension; India; Mortality; Risk factors; Stroke

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; FATALITY; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INDIA; MORTALITY; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; SOCIOECONOMICS; STROKE;

HUMANS; INDIA; RISK FACTORS; STROKE;

EID: 58249143481     PISSN: 00097322     EISSN: 15244539     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.743237     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Asian acute stroke advisory panel: stroke epidemiological data of nine Asian countries. J Med Assoc Thai. 2000;83:1-7.
2. Abraham J, Rao PSS, Inbaraj SG, Shetty G, Jose CJ. An epidemiological study of hemiplegia due to stroke in South India. Stroke. 1970;1:477-481.
3. Bansal BC, Parkash C, Jain AC, Brahmanandan KRV. Cerebrovascular disease in young individuals below the age of 40 years. Neurol India. 1973;21:11-18.
4. Razdan S, Kaul RL, Motta A, Kaul S. Cerebrovascular disease in rural Kashmir, India. Stroke. 1989;20:1691-1693.
5. Bharucha NE, Bharucha EP, Bharucha AE, Bhise AV, Schoenberg BS. Prevalence of stroke in the Parsi community of Bombay. Stroke. 1988;19: 60-62.
6. Dalal PM. Studies in young and elderly: risk factors and strategies for stroke prevention. J Assoc Physicians India. 1997;45:125-131.
7. Das SK, Sanyal K. Neuroepidemiology of major neurological disorders in rural Bengal. Neurol India. 1996;44:47-58.
8. Saha SP, Bhattacharya S, Das SK, Maity B, Roy T, Raut DK. Epidemiological study of neurological disorders in a rural population of Eastern India. J Indian Med Assoc. 2003;101:299-304.
9. Banerjee TK, Mukherjee CS, Sarkhel A. Stroke in the urban population of Calcutta: an epidemiological study. Neuroepidemiology. 2001;20:201-207.
10. Das SK, Banerjee TK, Biswas A, Raut DK, Mukherjee CS, Chaudhuri A, Hazra A, Roy J. A prospective community-based study of stroke in Kolkata, India. Stroke. 2007;38:906-910.
11. Gourie-Devi M, Rao VN, Prakashi R. Neuroepidemiological study in semi urban and rural areas in South India: pattern of neurological disorders including motor neuron disease. In: Gourie-Devi M, ed. Motor Neuron Disease: Global Clinical Patterns and International Research. New Delhi, India: Oxford & IBH Publishing; 1987:11-22.
12. Gourie-Devi M, Gururaj G, Satishchandra P, Subbakrishna DK. Prevalence of neurological disorders in Bangalore, India: a community-based study with comparison between urban and rural areas. Neuroepidemiology. 2004;23: 261-268.
13. Ahmad OB, Boschi-Pinto C, Lopez AD, Christopher JL, Murray CJL, Lozano R, Inoue M. Age standardization of rates: a new WHO standard. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. GPE Discussion Paper Series No. 31, EIP/GPE/EBD.
14. Dalal PM, Bhattacharjee M. Stroke epidemic in India: hypertension-stroke control programme is urgently needed. J Assoc Physicians India. 2007;55:689-691.
15. Brown RD, Whisnant JP, Sicks JD, O'Fallon WM, Wiebers DO. Stroke incidence, prevalence, and survival: secular trends in Rochester, Minnesota, through 1989. Stroke. 1996;27:373-380.
16. Rothwell PM, Coull AJ, Giles MF, Howard SC, Silver LE, Bull LM, Gutnikov SA, Edwards P, Mant D, Sackley CM, Farmer A, Sandercock PA, Dennis MS, Warlow CP, Bamford JM, Anslow P. Change in stroke incidence, mortality, case-fatality, severity, and risk factors in Oxfordshire, UK from 1981 to 2004 (Oxford Vascular Study). Lancet. 2004;363:1925-1933.
17. Kolominsky-Rabas PL, Sard C, Heuschmann PU, Graf C, Siemonsen S, Neundoerfer B, Katalinic A, Lang E, Gassmann K-G, von Stockert TR. A prospective community-based study of stroke in Germany: the Erlanger Stroke Project (ESPro). Stroke. 1998;29:2501-2506.
18. Syme PD, Byrne AW, Chen R, Devenny R, Forbes JF. Community-based study of stroke incidence in a Scottish population: the Scottish Borders Stroke Study. Stroke. 2005;36:1837-1843.
19. Tsiskaridze A, Djibuti M, van Meile G, Lomidze G, Apridonidze S, Gaurashvili I, Piechowski-Jozwiak B, Shakarishvili R, Bogousslavsky J. Stroke incidence and 30-day case fatality in a suburb of Tbilisi: result of the first prospective population-based study in Georgia. Stroke. 2004;35: 2523-2528.
20. Thrift AG, Dewey HM, MacDonnell RA, McNeil JJ, Donnan GA. Incidence of the major stroke subtypes: initial findings from the North East Melbourne Stroke Incidence Study (NEMESIS). Stroke. 2001;32: 1732-1738.
21. Jiang B, Wang WZ, Chen H, Hong Z, Yang QD, Wu SP, Du XL, Bao QJ. Incidence and trends of stroke and its subtypes in China: results from three large cities. Stroke. 2006;37:63-68.
22. Jacobs BS, Boden-Albala B, Lin IF, Sacco RL. Stroke in the young in the Northern Manhattan Stroke Study. Stroke. 2002;33:2789-2793.
23. Bavarian R. Ethnic differences in mortality from ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease in England and Wales. BMJ. 1991;302:560-564.
24. Das SK, Sanyal K, Basu A. Study of urban community survey in India: growing trend of high prevalence of hypertension in a developing country. Int J Med Sci. 2005;2:70-78.
25. Kaul S, Sunitha P, Suvama A, Meena AK, Uma M, Reddy JM. Subtypes of ischemic stroke in a metropolitan city of south India (one year data from hospital based stroke registry). Neurol India. 2002;50(suppl 1):S8-S14.
26. Chopra JS, Prabhakar S, Sodhi JS. Stroke in young: a clinico-radiological study. Neurol India. 1979b;27:160-169.
27. Dalal PM, Shah PM, Aiyar RR, Kikani BT. Cerebro-vascular disease in west central India: a report on angiographic findings from a prospective study. BMJ. 1968;3:769-774.
28. Padma MV, Gaikwad S, Jain S, Maheswari MC, Misra NK. Distribution of vascular lesions in ischemic stroke: a magnetic resonance angiographic study. Nat Med J India. 1997;10:217-220.
29. Dalal PM, for the ICASS investigators. Burden of stroke: Indian perspective. Int J Stroke. 2006;3:164-166.
30. Blecic S, Bogousslavsky J. Stroke in young adults. In: Barnett HJM, Mohr JP, Stein BM, Atsu FM, eds. Stroke: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, diagnosis and Management. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 1998:1001-1012.
31. Bansal BC, Gupta RR, Prakash C. Stroke during pregnancy and puerperium in young females below the age of 40 years as a result of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Jpn Heart J. 1980;21:171-173.
32. Srinivasan K. Cerebral venous and arterial thrombosis in pregnancy and puerperium. Angiology. 1983;134:731-746.
33. Gosalakkat JA. MoyaMoya disease: a review. Neurol India. 2002; 50:6-10.
34. Sharma BK, Sagar S, Sing AP, Suri S. Takayashu arteritis in India. Heart Vessels. 1997;7(suppl):37-43.
35. Kothari SS. Takayasu's arteritis in children: a review. Images Pediatr Cardiol. 2002;9:4-23.
36. Dalal PM. Strokes in the young in west central India. Adv Neurol. 1979;25:339-348.
37. Arjundas G. Personal experiences in TBM and strokes. Neurol India. 1995;43:127-137.
38. Joshi R, Cardona M, Iyenger S, Sukumar A, Raju CR, Raju KR, Raju K, Reddy KS, Lopez A, Neal B. Chronic disease now a leading cause of death in rural India: mortality data from the Andhra Pradesh rural health initiative. Int J Epidemiol. 2006;35:1522-1529.
39. Registrar General India. Medical Certification of Causes of Death 1994. New Delhi, India: Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India; 1999:7.
40. Anand K, Chowdhury D, Singh KB, Pandav CS, Kapoor SK. Estimation of mortality and morbidity due to strokes in India. Neuroepidemiology. 2001;20:208-211.
41. Bhattacharya S, Saha SP, Basu A, Das SK. A 5-year prospective study of incidence, morbidity and mortality profile of stroke in a rural community of Eastern India. J Indian Med Assoc. 2005;103:655-659.
42. Basu AK, Pal SK, Saha S, Bandopadhyay R, Mukherjee SC, Sarkar P. Risk factor analysis in ischemic stroke: a hospital based study. J Indian Med Assoc. 2005;103:586-588.
43. Banerjee TK, Chowdhury D, Das A, Sekhar A, Roy D, Sen S. Analysis of hospital based registry in a neurological centre in Kolkata. J Indian Med Assoc. 2004;103:665-668.
44. Nongkynrih B, Acharya A, Ramakrishnan L, Ritvik, Anand K, Shah B. Profile of biochemical risk factors for non communicable diseases in Urban, rural and periurban Haryana. India J Assoc Physicians India. 2008;56:165-170.
45. Gupta R, Joshi P, Mohan V, Reddy KS, Yusuf S. Epidemiology and causation of coronary heart disease and stroke in India. Heart. 2008;94:16-26.
46. Lipska K, Sylaja PN, Sarma PS, Thankappan KR, Kutty VR, Vasan RS, Radhakrishnan K. Risk factors for acute ischemic stroke in young adults in South India. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007;78:959-963.
47. Subramanian SV, Nandy S, Kelly M, Gordon D, Smith GD. Patterns and distribution of tobacco consumption in India: cross sectional multilevel evidence from the 1998-9 National Family Health Survey. BMJ 2004; 328:801-805.
48. Pandian JD, Srikanth V, Read SJ, Thrift AG, Read SJ. Poverty and stroke in India: a time to act. Stroke. 2007;38:3063-3069.
49. Misra A, Pandey RM, Devi JR, Sharma R, Vikram NK, Khanna N. High prevalence of diabetes, obesity and dyslipidaemia in urban slum population in northern India. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001;25: 1722-1729.
50. Nagpal RD. Dural sinuses and cerebral venous thrombosis: a study of 135 patients. Neurosurg Rev. 1983;6:150-160.
51. Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990-2020: global burden of disease study. Lancet. 1997;349: 1498-1504.
52. Roehmholdt ME, Palumbo PJ, Whistnant JP, Eleveback LR. Transient ischemic stroke and strokes in a community based diabetic cohort. Mayo Clin Proc. 1983;58:65-68.
53. Alladi S, Kaul S, Meena AK, Somayajula S, Umadevi M, Reddy JM. Pattern of vascular dementia in India: study of clinical features, imaging and vascular mechanisms from a hospital dementia registry. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2006;15:49-56.
54. Das K, Mandal GP, Dutta AK, Mukherjee B, Mukherjee BB. Awareness of warning symptoms and risk factors of stroke in the general population and in survivors of stroke. J Neurosci. 2007;14:12-16.
55. Pandian JD, Kalra G, Jaison A, Deepak SS, Shamser S, Sing YP, Abraham G. Public awareness of warning symptoms, risk factors, and treatment of stroke in North West India. Stroke. 2005;36:644-648.
56. Srivastab AK, Prasad K. A study of factors delaying hospital arrival of patients with acute stroke. Neurol India. 2001;49:272-276.
57. Rural Energy Health Transportation System. Commissioner of family welfare, Government of Andhra Pradesh (India). Available at: http://cfw.ap.nic.in/rch_rchts.htm. Accessed March 4, 2008.
58. Singh SK. Review of urban transportation in India. J Public Transportation. 2005;8:79-97.
59. Pandian JD, Kalra G, Deepak SS, Shamsher S, Padala S, Singh S, Abraham G. Factors delaying admission to a hospital based stroke unit in India. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2006;15:81-87.
60. Joshi SR, Shah SN. Control of blood pressure in India: rule of halves still very much valid. J Assoc Physicians India. 2003;51:151-152.
61. Dalal PM, Dalal KP, Parikh BR, Hegiste K. Compliance of Hindu community to mass screening: a feasibility report on stroke prevention strategies for developing countries. Hypertens India. 1992;6:33-42.