Road age and its importance in earthworm invasion of northern boreal forests

Journal of Applied Ecology

Volumn 46, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 28-36

  Cameron, Erin K ^a   Bayne, Erin M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Boreal forest; Earthworm invasion; Introduction mechanisms; Invasive spread; Linear features; Non native species; Road age

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECT; BIOLOGICAL INVASION; BOREAL FOREST; EARTHWORM; INVASIVE SPECIES; PROPAGULE; ROAD;

ALBERTA; CANADA; NORTH AMERICA;

EID: 58249110519     PISSN: 00218901     EISSN: 13652664     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01535.x     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Abbott, K.L. (2006) Spatial dynamics of supercolonies of the invasive yellow crazy ant, Anoplolepis gracilipes, on Christmas Island, Indian Ocean. Diversity and Distributions, 12, 101 110.
2. Alban, D.H. Berry, E.C. (1994) Effects of earthworm invasion on morphology, carbon, and nitrogen of a forest soil. Applied Soil Ecology, 1, 243 249.
3. Beckingham, J.D. Archibald, J.H. (1996) Field Guide to Ecosites of Northern Alberta. Special Report 5, Canadian Forest Service Northwest Region Northern Forestry Centre, UBC Press, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
4. Beyer, H.L. (2004) Hawth's Analysis Tools for ArcGIS. Available at http://www.spatialecology.com/htools.
5. Bohlen, P.J., Pelletier, D.M., Groffman, P.M., Fahey, T.J. Fisk, M.C. (2004) Influence of earthworm invasion on redistribution and retention of soil carbon and nitrogen in northern temperate forests. Ecosystems, 7, 13 27.
6. Bouché, M.B. (1977) Strategies lombriciennes. Soil Organisms as Components of Ecosystems (eds U. Lohm T. Persson), pp. 122 132. Proceedings of the VI International Soil Zoology Colloquium of the International Society of Soil Science, Ecological Bulletin 25, Stockholm, Sweden.
7. Brown, G.P., Phillips, B.L., Webb, J.K. Shine, R. (2006) Toad on the road: use of roads as dispersal corridors by cane toads (Bufo marinus) at an invasion front in tropical Australia. Biological Conservation, 133, 88 94.
8. Callaham, M.A. Jr., Gonzalez, G., Hale, C.M. Heneghan, L. (2006) Policy and management responses to earthworm invasions in North America. Biological Invasions, 8, 1317 1329.
9. Callaham, M.A. Hendrix, P.F. (1997) Relative abundance and seasonal activity of earthworms (Lumbricidae and Megascolecidae) as determined by hand-sorting and formalin extraction in forest soils on the southern Appalachian Piedmont. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 29, 317 321.
10. Cameron, A.C. Trivedi, P.K. (1998) Regression Analysis of Count Data. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
11. Cameron, E.K., Bayne, E.M. Clapperton, M.J. (2007) Human-facilitated invasion of exotic earthworms into northern boreal forests. Ecoscience, 14, 482 490.
12. Dymond, P., Scheu, S. Parkinson, D. (1997) Density and distribution of Dendrobaena octaedra (Lumbricidae) in aspen and pine forests in the Canadian Rocky Mountains (Alberta). Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 29, 265 273.
13. Edwards, C.A. Bohlen, P.J. (1996) Biology and Ecology of Earthworms. Chapman and Hall, London.
14. Eisenhauer, N., Partsch, S., Parkinson, D. Scheu, S. (2007) Invasion of a deciduous forest by earthworms: changes in soil chemistry, microflora, microarthropods, and vegetation. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 39, 1099 1110.
15. Gates, G.E. (1970) Miscellanea megadrilogica VII. Megadrilogica, 1, 1 14.
16. Gates, G.E. (1974) Contribution to a revision of the Lumbricidae. X. Dendrobaena octaedra (Savigny) 1826, with special references to the importance of its parthenogenetic polymorphism for the classification of earthworms. Bulletin of Tall Timbers Research Station, 15, 15 57.
17. Gates, G.E. (1982) Farewell to North American megadriles. Megadrilogica, 4, 12 77.
18. Gelbard, J.L. Belnap, J. (2003) Roads as conduits for exotic plant invasions in a semiarid landscape. Conservation Biology, 17, 420 432.
19. Gundale, M.J. (2002) Influence of exotic earthworms on the soil organic horizon and the rare fern Botrychium mormo. Conservation Biology, 16, 1555 1561.
20. Gundale, M.J., Jolly, W.M. Deluca, T.H. (2005) Susceptibility of a northern hardwood forest to exotic earthworm invasion. Conservation Biology, 19, 1075 1083.
21. Hale, C. (2004) Ecological consequences of exotic invaders: interaction involving European earthworms and native plant communities in hardwood forests. PhD Thesis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
22. Hale, C.M., Frelich, L.E. Reich, P.B. (2006) Changes in hardwood forest understory plant communities in response to European earthworm invasions. Ecology, 87, 1637 1649.
23. Hale, C.M., Frelich, L.E. Reich, P.B. (2005) Exotic European earthworm invasion dynamics in northern hardwood forests of Minnesota, USA. Ecological Applications, 15, 848 860.
24. Hardin, J.W. Hilbe, J.M. (2003) Generalized Estimating Equations. Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
25. Holdsworth, A.R., Frelich, L.E. Reich, P.B. (2007) Regional extent of an ecosystem engineer: earthworm invasion in northern hardwood forests. Ecological Applications, 17, 1666 1677.
26. Horton, N.J., Bebchuk, J.D., Jones, C.L., Lipsitz, S.R., Catalano, P.J., Zahner, G.E.P. Fitzmaurice, G.M. (1999) Goodness-of-fit for GEE: an example with mental health service utilization. Statistics in Medicine, 18, 213 222.
27. Hosmer, D.W. Lemeshow, S. (1980) Goodness-of-fit tests for the multiple logistic regression model. Communications in Statistics, A9, 1043 1069.
28. Hosmer, D.W. Lemeshow, S. (2000) Applied Logistic Regression, 2nd edn. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, USA.
29. Isaaks, E.H. Srivastava, R.M. (1989) Applied Geostatistics. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
30. Jaenike, J., Ausubel, S. Grimaldi, D.A. (1982) On the evolution of clonal diversity in parthenogenetic earthworms. Pedobiologia, 23, 304 310.
31. Jules, E.S., Kauffman, M.J., Ritts, W.D. Carroll, A.L. (2002) Spread of an invasive pathogen over a variable landscape: a nonnative root rot on Port Orford Cedar. Ecology, 83, 3167 3181.
32. Lawrence, A.P. Bowers, M.A. (2002) A test of the 'hot' mustard extraction method of sampling earthworms. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 29, 537 540.
33. Lockwood, J.L., Cassey, P. Blackburn, T. (2005) The role of propagule pressure in explaining species invasions. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 20, 223 228.
34. Marinissen, J.C.Y. van den Bosch, F. (1992) Colonization of new habitats by earthworms. Oecologia, 91, 371 376.
35. McKinney, M.L. (2001) Effects of human population, area, and time on non-native plant and fish diversity in the United States. Biological Conservation, 100, 243 252.
36. McKinney, M.L. (2002) Influence of settlement time, human population, park shape and age, visitation and roads on the number of alien plant species in protected areas in the USA. Diversity and Distributions, 8, 311 318.
37. McLean, M.A. Parkinson, D. (1997) Changes in structure, organic matter and microbial activity in pine forest soil following the introduction of Dendrobaena octaedra (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae). Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 29, 537 540.
38. Natural Regions Committee (2006) Natural Regions and Subregions of Alberta. (eds D.J. Downing W.W. Pettapiece), Government of Alberta. Publication no. T/852.
39. Parendes, L.A. Jones, J.A. (2000) Role of light availability and dispersal in exotic plant invasion along roads and streams in the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon. Conservation Biology, 14, 64 75.
40. Pauchard, A. Shea, K. (2006) Integrating the study of non-native plant invasions across spatial scales. Biological Invasions, 8, 399 413.
41. Radler, M. (2002) Worldwide reserves increase as production holds steady. Oil & Gas Journal, 100, 113 145.
42. Reynolds, J.W. (1977) The Earthworms (Lumbricidae and Sparganophilidae) of Ontario. The Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada.
43. Rogers, W.H. (1993) Regression standard errors in clustered samples. Stata Technical Bulletin, 13, 19 23.
44. Scheu, S. Parkinson, D. (1994) Effects of invasion of an aspen forest (Canada) by Dendrobaena octaedra (Lumbricidae) on plant growth. Ecology, 75, 2348 2347.
45. Schneider, R.R. (2002) Alternative Futures: Alberta's Boreal Forest at the Crossroads. Federation of Alberta Naturalists, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
46. Schneider, R.R., Stelfox, J.B., Boutin, S. Wasel, S. (2003) Managing the cumulative impacts of land uses in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin: a modeling approach. Conservation Ecology, 7, 8. Available at http://www.consecol. org/vol7/iss1/art8.
47. Schwert, D.P. Dance, K.W. (1979) Earthworm cocoons as a drift component in a southern Ontario stream. Canadian Field-Naturalist, 93, 180 183.
48. Simberloff, D. (2006) Invasional meltdown 6 years later: important phenomenon, unfortunate metaphor, or both? Ecology Letters, 9, 912 919.
49. Suarez, E.R., Tierney, G.L., Fahey, T.J. Fahey, R. (2006) Exploring patterns of exotic earthworm distribution in a temperate hardwood forest in south-central New York, USA. Landscape Ecology, 21, 297 306.
50. Terhivuo, J. Saura, A. (1997) Island biogeography of North European parthenogenetic Lumbricidae: I. Clone pool affinities and morphometric differentiation of Aland populations. Ecography, 20, 185 196.
51. Tiunov, A.V., Hale, C.M., Holdsworth, A.R. Vsevolodova-Perel, T.S. (2006) Invasion patterns of Lumbricidae into the previously earthworm-free areas of northeastern Europe and the western Great Lakes region of North America. Biological Invasions, 8, 1223 1234.
52. Tyser, R.W. Worley, C.A. (1992) Alien flora in grasslands adjacent to road and trail corridors in Glacier National Park, Montana (USA). Conservation Biology, 6, 253 262.
53. von der Lippe, M. Kowarik, I. (2007) Long-distance dispersal of plants by vehicles as a driver of plant invasions. Conservation Biology, 21, 986 996.
54. Watkins, R.Z., Chen, J., Pickens, J. Brosoeske, K.D. (2003) Effects of forest roads on understory plants in a managed hardwood landscape. Conservation Biology, 17, 411 419.