메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 276, Issue 1657, 2009, Pages 761-767

Evidence for novel and specialized mycorrhizal parasitism: The orchid Gastrodia confusa gains carbon from saprotrophic Mycena

Author keywords

Mycenaceae; Myco heterotrophy; Parasite; Stable isotope

Indexed keywords

ECTOMYCORRHIZA; HETEROTROPHY; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; MONOCOTYLEDON; PARASITISM; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SAPROTROPHY;

EID: 58249101035     PISSN: 09628452     EISSN: 14712970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2008.1225     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (138)

References (66)
  • 2
    • 25144524167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolutionary ecology of mycoheterotrophy
    • Bidartondo, M. I. 2005 The evolutionary ecology of mycoheterotrophy. New Phytol. 167, 335-352.
    • (2005) New Phytol , vol.167 , pp. 335-352
    • Bidartondo, M.I.1
  • 3
    • 0034803659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extreme specificity in epiparasitic Monotropoideae (Ericaceae): Widespread phylogenetic and geographical structure
    • Bidartondo, M. I. & Bruns, T. D. 2001 Extreme specificity in epiparasitic Monotropoideae (Ericaceae): widespread phylogenetic and geographical structure. Mol. Ecol. 10, 2285-2295.
    • (2001) Mol. Ecol , vol.10 , pp. 2285-2295
    • Bidartondo, M.I.1    Bruns, T.D.2
  • 5
    • 0037461261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specialized cheating of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis by an epiparasitic liverwort
    • Bidartondo, M. I., Bruns, T. D., Weiss, M., Sergio, C. & Read, D. J. 2003 Specialized cheating of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis by an epiparasitic liverwort. Proc. R. Soc. B 270, 835-842.
    • (2003) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.270 , pp. 835-842
    • Bidartondo, M.I.1    Bruns, T.D.2    Weiss, M.3    Sergio, C.4    Read, D.J.5
  • 6
    • 5444246321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing partners in the dark: Isotopic and molecular evidence of ectomycorrhizal liaisons between forest orchids and trees
    • Bidartondo, M. I., Burghardt, B., Gebauer, G., Bruns, T. D. & Read, D. J. 2004 Changing partners in the dark: isotopic and molecular evidence of ectomycorrhizal liaisons between forest orchids and trees. Proc. R. Soc. B 271, 1799-1806.
    • (2004) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.271 , pp. 1799-1806
    • Bidartondo, M.I.1    Burghardt, B.2    Gebauer, G.3    Bruns, T.D.4    Read, D.J.5
  • 7
    • 84982384855 scopus 로고
    • Monotropa hypopitys L. - an epiparasite on tree roots
    • Björkman, E. 1960 Monotropa hypopitys L. - an epiparasite on tree roots. Physiol. Plant. 13, 308-327.
    • (1960) Physiol. Plant , vol.13 , pp. 308-327
    • Björkman, E.1
  • 8
    • 38949198690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 13C-enriched sporocarps of ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi?
    • 13C-enriched sporocarps of ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi? New Phytol. 177, 1012-1019.
    • (2008) New Phytol , vol.177 , pp. 1012-1019
    • Boström, B.1    Comstedt, D.2    Ekblad, A.3
  • 10
    • 85020761789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Campbell, E. O. 1962 The mycorrhiza of Gastrodia cunninghamii Hook. f. Trans. R. Soc. New Zeal. 1, 289-296.
    • Campbell, E. O. 1962 The mycorrhiza of Gastrodia cunninghamii Hook. f. Trans. R. Soc. New Zeal. 1, 289-296.
  • 11
    • 85020777724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Campbell, E. O. 1964 The fungal association in a colony of Gastrodia sesamoides R. Br. Trans. R. Soc. New Zeal. 2, 237-246.
    • Campbell, E. O. 1964 The fungal association in a colony of Gastrodia sesamoides R. Br. Trans. R. Soc. New Zeal. 2, 237-246.
  • 13
    • 0010536143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Armillaria jezoensis, a new symbiont of Galeola septentrionalis (Orchidaceae) in Hokkaido
    • Cha, J. Y. & Igarashi, T. 1996 Armillaria jezoensis, a new symbiont of Galeola septentrionalis (Orchidaceae) in Hokkaido. Mycoscience 37, 21-24.
    • (1996) Mycoscience , vol.37 , pp. 21-24
    • Cha, J.Y.1    Igarashi, T.2
  • 14
    • 0030067635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of extreme specialization within a lineage of ectomycorrhizal epiparasites
    • Cullings, K. W., Szaro, T. M. & Bruns, T. D. 1996 Evolution of extreme specialization within a lineage of ectomycorrhizal epiparasites. Nature 379, 63-66.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.379 , pp. 63-66
    • Cullings, K.W.1    Szaro, T.M.2    Bruns, T.D.3
  • 15
    • 85020762134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fan, L., Guo, S. X., Cao, W. Q., Xiao, P. G. & Xu, J. T. 1996 Isolation, culture, identification and biological activity of Mycena orchidicola sp. nov. in Cymbidium sinense (Orchidaceae). Acta Mycol. Sin. 15, 251-255.
    • Fan, L., Guo, S. X., Cao, W. Q., Xiao, P. G. & Xu, J. T. 1996 Isolation, culture, identification and biological activity of Mycena orchidicola sp. nov. in Cymbidium sinense (Orchidaceae). Acta Mycol. Sin. 15, 251-255.
  • 16
    • 0000461280 scopus 로고
    • Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the bootstrap
    • Felsenstein, J. 1985 Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39, 783-791.
    • (1985) Evolution , vol.39 , pp. 783-791
    • Felsenstein, J.1
  • 17
    • 0027580147 scopus 로고
    • ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes - application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts
    • Gardes, M. & Bruns, T. D. 1993 ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes - application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Mol. Ecol. 2, 113-118.
    • (1993) Mol. Ecol , vol.2 , pp. 113-118
    • Gardes, M.1    Bruns, T.D.2
  • 18
    • 0141677908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 13C natural abundance of autotrophic and mycoheterotrophic orchids provides insight into nitrogen and carbon gain from fungal association
    • 13C natural abundance of autotrophic and mycoheterotrophic orchids provides insight into nitrogen and carbon gain from fungal association. New Phytol. 160, 209-223.
    • (2003) New Phytol , vol.160 , pp. 209-223
    • Gebauer, G.1    Meyer, M.2
  • 19
    • 0032902017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 15N natural abundance in fruit bodies of different functional groups of fungi in relation to substrate utilization
    • 15N natural abundance in fruit bodies of different functional groups of fungi in relation to substrate utilization. New Phytol. 142, 93-101.
    • (1999) New Phytol , vol.142 , pp. 93-101
    • Gebauer, G.1    Taylor, A.F.S.2
  • 20
    • 33645096525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inefficient photosynthesis in the mediterranean orchid Limodorum abortivum is mirrored by specific association to ectomycorrhizal Russulaceae
    • Girlanda, M. et al. 2006 Inefficient photosynthesis in the mediterranean orchid Limodorum abortivum is mirrored by specific association to ectomycorrhizal Russulaceae. Mol. Ecol. 15, 491-504.
    • (2006) Mol. Ecol , vol.15 , pp. 491-504
    • Girlanda, M.1
  • 21
    • 0007699004 scopus 로고
    • Studien über die Mykorrhiza von Galeola septentrionalis Reichb. f. - Ein neuer fall der mykorrhizabildung durch intraradicale Rhizomorpha.
    • Hamada, M. 1939 Studien über die Mykorrhiza von Galeola septentrionalis Reichb. f. - Ein neuer fall der mykorrhizabildung durch intraradicale Rhizomorpha. Jpn J. Bot. 10, 151-211.
    • (1939) Jpn J. Bot , vol.10 , pp. 151-211
    • Hamada, M.1
  • 22
    • 0343696295 scopus 로고
    • Wurzelsymbiose von Galeola altissima Reichb. F., einer chlorophyllfreien Orchidee, mit dem holzzerstorenden Pilz Hymenochaete crocicreas berk et Br.
    • Hamada, M. & Nakamura, S. 1963 Wurzelsymbiose von Galeola altissima Reichb. F., einer chlorophyllfreien Orchidee, mit dem holzzerstorenden Pilz Hymenochaete crocicreas berk et Br. Sci. Rep. Tohuku Univ. Ser. IV 29, 227-238.
    • (1963) Sci. Rep. Tohuku Univ. Ser. IV , vol.29 , pp. 227-238
    • Hamada, M.1    Nakamura, S.2
  • 23
    • 0002294347 scopus 로고
    • A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure
    • Holm, S. 1979 A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure. Scand. J. Stat. 6, 65-70.
    • (1979) Scand. J. Stat , vol.6 , pp. 65-70
    • Holm, S.1
  • 24
    • 0033210889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic relationships in the mushroom genus Coprinus and dark-spored allies based on sequence data from the nuclear gene coding for the large ribosomal subunit RNA: Divergent domains, outgroups, and monophyly
    • Hopple, J. S. & Vilgalys, R. 1999 Phylogenetic relationships in the mushroom genus Coprinus and dark-spored allies based on sequence data from the nuclear gene coding for the large ribosomal subunit RNA: divergent domains, outgroups, and monophyly. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 13, 1-19.
    • (1999) Mol. Phylogenet. Evol , vol.13 , pp. 1-19
    • Hopple, J.S.1    Vilgalys, R.2
  • 25
    • 57849159230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • a In vitro symbiosis between Gastrodia elata Blume (Orchidaceae) and Armillaria Kummer (Tricholomataceae) species isolated from the orchid tuber
    • Kikuchi, G., Higuchi, M., Yoshimura, H., Morota, T. & Suzuki, A. 2008a In vitro symbiosis between Gastrodia elata Blume (Orchidaceae) and Armillaria Kummer (Tricholomataceae) species isolated from the orchid tuber. J. Jpn Bot. 83, 77-87.
    • (2008) J. Jpn Bot , vol.83 , pp. 77-87
    • Kikuchi, G.1    Higuchi, M.2    Yoshimura, H.3    Morota, T.4    Suzuki, A.5
  • 26
    • 57849155923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fungal symbiont and cultivation test of Gastrodia elata Blume (Orchidaceae)
    • Kikuchi, G., Higuchi, M., Morota, T., Nagasawa, E. & Suzuki, A. 2008b Fungal symbiont and cultivation test of Gastrodia elata Blume (Orchidaceae). J. Jpn Bot. 83, 88-95.
    • (2008) J. Jpn Bot , vol.83 , pp. 88-95
    • Kikuchi, G.1    Higuchi, M.2    Morota, T.3    Nagasawa, E.4    Suzuki, A.5
  • 27
    • 0019296687 scopus 로고
    • A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences
    • Kimura, M. 1980 A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J. Mol. Evol. 16, 111-120.
    • (1980) J. Mol. Evol , vol.16 , pp. 111-120
    • Kimura, M.1
  • 29
    • 1342285814 scopus 로고
    • Gastrodia elata and its symbiotic association with Armillaria mellea
    • Kusano, S. 1911 Gastrodia elata and its symbiotic association with Armillaria mellea. J. Coll. Agric. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 4, 1-65.
    • (1911) J. Coll. Agric. Imp. Univ. Tokyo , vol.4 , pp. 1-65
    • Kusano, S.1
  • 31
    • 34247562964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major clades of Agaricales: A multilocus phylogenetic overview
    • Matheny, P. B. et al. 2006 Major clades of Agaricales: a multilocus phylogenetic overview. Mycologia 98, 982-995.
    • (2006) Mycologia , vol.98 , pp. 982-995
    • Matheny, P.B.1
  • 32
    • 0034119732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symbiotic germination and development of mycoheterotrophic plants in nature: Ontogeny of Corallorhiza trifida and characterization of its mycorrhizal fungi
    • McKendrick, S. L., Leake, J. R., Taylor, D. L. & Read, D. J. 2000 Symbiotic germination and development of mycoheterotrophic plants in nature: ontogeny of Corallorhiza trifida and characterization of its mycorrhizal fungi. New Phytol. 145, 523-537.
    • (2000) New Phytol , vol.145 , pp. 523-537
    • McKendrick, S.L.1    Leake, J.R.2    Taylor, D.L.3    Read, D.J.4
  • 33
    • 0036217305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symbiotic germination and development of the myco-heterotrophic orchid Neottia nidus-avis in nature and its requirement for locally distributed Sebacina spp
    • McKendrick, S. L., Leake, J. R., Taylor, D. L. & Read, D. J. 2002 Symbiotic germination and development of the myco-heterotrophic orchid Neottia nidus-avis in nature and its requirement for locally distributed Sebacina spp. New Phytol. 154, 233-247.
    • (2002) New Phytol , vol.154 , pp. 233-247
    • McKendrick, S.L.1    Leake, J.R.2    Taylor, D.L.3    Read, D.J.4
  • 34
    • 40549116327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breakdown and delayed cospeciation in the arbuscular mycorrhizal mutualism
    • Merckx, V. & Bidartondo, M. I. 2008 Breakdown and delayed cospeciation in the arbuscular mycorrhizal mutualism. Proc. R. Soc. B 275, 1029-1035.
    • (2008) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.275 , pp. 1029-1035
    • Merckx, V.1    Bidartondo, M.I.2
  • 35
    • 0034350421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic relationships of agaric fungi based on nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences
    • Moncalvo, J. M., Lutzoni, F. M., Rehner, S. A., Johnson, J. & Vilgalys, R. 2000 Phylogenetic relationships of agaric fungi based on nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. Syst. Biol. 49, 278-305.
    • (2000) Syst. Biol , vol.49 , pp. 278-305
    • Moncalvo, J.M.1    Lutzoni, F.M.2    Rehner, S.A.3    Johnson, J.4    Vilgalys, R.5
  • 36
    • 0036019703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One hundred and seventeen clades of euagarics
    • Moncalvo, J. M. et al. 2002 One hundred and seventeen clades of euagarics. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 23, 357-400.
    • (2002) Mol. Phylogenet. Evol , vol.23 , pp. 357-400
    • Moncalvo, J.M.1
  • 37
    • 38049026818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High mycorrhizal specificity in a widespread mycoheterotrophic plant, Eulophia zollingeri (Orchidaceae)
    • Ogura-Tsujita, Y. & Yukawa, T. 2008 High mycorrhizal specificity in a widespread mycoheterotrophic plant, Eulophia zollingeri (Orchidaceae). Am. J. Bot. 95, 93-97.
    • (2008) Am. J. Bot , vol.95 , pp. 93-97
    • Ogura-Tsujita, Y.1    Yukawa, T.2
  • 38
    • 57549106921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A methodological approach to improve estimates of nutrient gains by partially mycoheterotrophic plants
    • Preiß, K. & Gebauer, G. 2008 A methodological approach to improve estimates of nutrient gains by partially mycoheterotrophic plants. Isotopes Environ. Health Stud. 44, 375-383.
    • (2008) Isotopes Environ. Health Stud , vol.44 , pp. 375-383
    • Preiß, K.1    Gebauer, G.2
  • 39
    • 0023375195 scopus 로고
    • The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees
    • Saitou, N. & Nei, M. 1987 The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol. Biol. Evol. 4, 406-425.
    • (1987) Mol. Biol. Evol , vol.4 , pp. 406-425
    • Saitou, N.1    Nei, M.2
  • 40
    • 18544374487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selosse, M. A., Weiss, M., Jany, J. L. & Tillier, A. 2002 Communities and populations of sebacinoid basidiomycetes associated with the achlorophyllous orchid Neottia nidus-avis (L.) L.C.M. Rich. and neighbouring tree ectomycorrhizae. Mol. Ecol. 11, 1831-1844.
    • Selosse, M. A., Weiss, M., Jany, J. L. & Tillier, A. 2002 Communities and populations of sebacinoid basidiomycetes associated with the achlorophyllous orchid Neottia nidus-avis (L.) L.C.M. Rich. and neighbouring tree ectomycorrhizae. Mol. Ecol. 11, 1831-1844.
  • 42
    • 85020780525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Swofford, D. L. 2001 PAUP*: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods), v. 4.0.b6. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.
    • Swofford, D. L. 2001 PAUP*: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods), v. 4.0.b6. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.
  • 43
    • 33947235401 scopus 로고
    • In vitro development from seed to flower in Gastrodia verrucosa under fungal symbiosis
    • Tashima, Y., Terashita, T., Umata, H. & Matsumoto, M. 1978 In vitro development from seed to flower in Gastrodia verrucosa under fungal symbiosis. Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn 19, 449-453.
    • (1978) Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn , vol.19 , pp. 449-453
    • Tashima, Y.1    Terashita, T.2    Umata, H.3    Matsumoto, M.4
  • 44
    • 0030902257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independent, specialized invasions of ectomycorrhizal mutualism by two nonphotosynthetic orchids
    • Taylor, D. L. & Bruns, T. D. 1997 Independent, specialized invasions of ectomycorrhizal mutualism by two nonphotosynthetic orchids. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94, 4510-4515.
    • (1997) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.94 , pp. 4510-4515
    • Taylor, D.L.1    Bruns, T.D.2
  • 45
    • 0032694999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population, habitat and genetic correlates of mycorrhizal specialization in the 'cheating' orchids Corallorhiza maculata and C. mertensiana
    • Taylor, D. L. & Bruns, T. D. 1999 Population, habitat and genetic correlates of mycorrhizal specialization in the 'cheating' orchids Corallorhiza maculata and C. mertensiana. Mol. Ecol. 8, 1719-1732.
    • (1999) Mol. Ecol , vol.8 , pp. 1719-1732
    • Taylor, D.L.1    Bruns, T.D.2
  • 47
    • 0031574072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The CLUSTALX windows interface: Flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools
    • Thompson, J. D., Gibson, T. J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F. & Higgins, D. G. 1997 The CLUSTALX windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res. 25, 4876-4882.
    • (1997) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.25 , pp. 4876-4882
    • Thompson, J.D.1    Gibson, T.J.2    Plewniak, F.3    Jeanmougin, F.4    Higgins, D.G.5
  • 48
    • 0001959853 scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic and ecologic aspects of mycotrophy in the angiosperms from an evolutionary standpoint
    • ed. G. R. Safir, pp, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
    • Trappe, J. M. 1987 Phylogenetic and ecologic aspects of mycotrophy in the angiosperms from an evolutionary standpoint. In Ecophysiology of VA mycorrhizal plants (ed. G. R. Safir), pp. 5-25. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
    • (1987) Ecophysiology of VA mycorrhizal plants , pp. 5-25
    • Trappe, J.M.1
  • 49
    • 0142216270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen and carbon stable isotope abundances support the myco-heterotrophic nature and host-specificity of certain achlorophyllous plants
    • Trudell, S. A., Rygiewicz, P. T. & Edmonds, R. L. 2003 Nitrogen and carbon stable isotope abundances support the myco-heterotrophic nature and host-specificity of certain achlorophyllous plants. New Phytol. 160, 391-401.
    • (2003) New Phytol , vol.160 , pp. 391-401
    • Trudell, S.A.1    Rygiewicz, P.T.2    Edmonds, R.L.3
  • 50
    • 4344617672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of nitrogen and carbon stable isotope ratios in macrofungi, plants and soils in two old-growth conifer forests
    • Trudell, S. A., Rygiewicz, P. T. & Edmonds, R. L. 2004 Patterns of nitrogen and carbon stable isotope ratios in macrofungi, plants and soils in two old-growth conifer forests. New Phytol. 164, 317-335.
    • (2004) New Phytol , vol.164 , pp. 317-335
    • Trudell, S.A.1    Rygiewicz, P.T.2    Edmonds, R.L.3
  • 51
    • 0010603757 scopus 로고
    • Seed germination of Galeola altissima, an achlorophyllous orchid, with Aphyllophorales fungi
    • Umata, H. 1995 Seed germination of Galeola altissima, an achlorophyllous orchid, with Aphyllophorales fungi. Mycoscience 36, 369-372.
    • (1995) Mycoscience , vol.36 , pp. 369-372
    • Umata, H.1
  • 52
    • 0010567670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of endomycorrhizas by an achlorophyllous orchid, Erythrorchis ochobiensis, and Auricularia polytricha
    • Umata, H. 1997 Formation of endomycorrhizas by an achlorophyllous orchid, Erythrorchis ochobiensis, and Auricularia polytricha. Mycoscience 38, 335-339.
    • (1997) Mycoscience , vol.38 , pp. 335-339
    • Umata, H.1
  • 53
    • 0010567671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • a In vitro symbiotic association of an achlorophyllous orchid, Erythrorchis ochobiensis, with orchid and non-orchid fungi
    • Umata, H. 1998a In vitro symbiotic association of an achlorophyllous orchid, Erythrorchis ochobiensis, with orchid and non-orchid fungi. Mem. Fac. Agr. Kagoshima Univ. 34, 97-107.
    • (1998) Mem. Fac. Agr. Kagoshima Univ , vol.34 , pp. 97-107
    • Umata, H.1
  • 54
    • 0032522082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new biological function of shiitake mushroom, Lentinula edodes, in a myco-heterotrophic orchid, Erythrorchis ochobiensis
    • Umata, H. 1998b A new biological function of shiitake mushroom, Lentinula edodes, in a myco-heterotrophic orchid, Erythrorchis ochobiensis. Mycoscience 39, 85-88.
    • (1998) Mycoscience , vol.39 , pp. 85-88
    • Umata, H.1
  • 55
    • 0025374564 scopus 로고
    • Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species
    • Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. 1990 Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. J. Bacteriol. 172, 4238-4246.
    • (1990) J. Bacteriol , vol.172 , pp. 4238-4246
    • Vilgalys, R.1    Hester, M.2
  • 56
    • 20744442179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The systematic relevance of conidiogenesis modes in the gilled Agaricales
    • Walther, G., Garnica, S. & Weiss, M. 2005 The systematic relevance of conidiogenesis modes in the gilled Agaricales. Mycol. Res. 109, 525-544.
    • (2005) Mycol. Res , vol.109 , pp. 525-544
    • Walther, G.1    Garnica, S.2    Weiss, M.3
  • 57
    • 33746080839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic distribution and evolution of mycorrhizas in land plants
    • Wang, B. & Qiu, Y. L. 2006 Phylogenetic distribution and evolution of mycorrhizas in land plants. Mycorrhiza 16, 299-363.
    • (2006) Mycorrhiza , vol.16 , pp. 299-363
    • Wang, B.1    Qiu, Y.L.2
  • 58
    • 0000432452 scopus 로고
    • Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics
    • eds M. A. Innis, D. H. Gelfand, J. J. Sninsky & T. J. White, pp, San Diego, CA: Academic Press
    • White, T. J., Bruns, T. D., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. W. 1990 Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In PCR protocols: a guide to methods and application (eds M. A. Innis, D. H. Gelfand, J. J. Sninsky & T. J. White), pp. 315-322. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    • (1990) PCR protocols: A guide to methods and application , pp. 315-322
    • White, T.J.1    Bruns, T.D.2    Lee, S.3    Taylor, J.W.4
  • 59
    • 27444441997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytodifferentiation of the seeds (protocorms) and vegetative propagation corms colonized by mycorrhizal fungi
    • Xu, J. T. & Fan, L. 2001 Cytodifferentiation of the seeds (protocorms) and vegetative propagation corms colonized by mycorrhizal fungi. Acta Bot. Sin. 43, 1003-1010.
    • (2001) Acta Bot. Sin , vol.43 , pp. 1003-1010
    • Xu, J.T.1    Fan, L.2
  • 60
    • 0025593962 scopus 로고
    • The relation between growth of Gastrodia elata protocorms and fungi
    • Xu, J. T. & Mu, C. 1990 The relation between growth of Gastrodia elata protocorms and fungi. Acta Bot. Sin. 32, 26-31.
    • (1990) Acta Bot. Sin , vol.32 , pp. 26-31
    • Xu, J.T.1    Mu, C.2
  • 61
    • 18544369490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation and identification of mycorrhizal fungi associating with an achlorophyllous plant, Epipogium roseum (Orchidaceae)
    • Yamato, M., Yagame, T., Suzuki, A. & Iwase, K. 2005 Isolation and identification of mycorrhizal fungi associating with an achlorophyllous plant, Epipogium roseum (Orchidaceae). Mycoscience 46, 73-77.
    • (2005) Mycoscience , vol.46 , pp. 73-77
    • Yamato, M.1    Yagame, T.2    Suzuki, A.3    Iwase, K.4
  • 62
    • 33751242269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monotropa uniflora plants of eastern Massachusetts form mycorrhizae with a diversity of russulacean fungi
    • Yang, S. & Pfister, D. H. 2006 Monotropa uniflora plants of eastern Massachusetts form mycorrhizae with a diversity of russulacean fungi. Mycologia 98, 535-540.
    • (2006) Mycologia , vol.98 , pp. 535-540
    • Yang, S.1    Pfister, D.H.2
  • 63
    • 17444419063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular identification of the mycorrhizal fungi of the epiparasitic plant Monotropastrum humile var. glaberrimum (Ericaceae)
    • Yokoyama, J., Fukuda, T. & Tsukaya, H. 2005 Molecular identification of the mycorrhizal fungi of the epiparasitic plant Monotropastrum humile var. glaberrimum (Ericaceae). J. Plant Res. 118, 53-56.
    • (2005) J. Plant Res , vol.118 , pp. 53-56
    • Yokoyama, J.1    Fukuda, T.2    Tsukaya, H.3
  • 64
    • 0036934226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monotropa uniflora: Morphological and molecular assessment of mycorrhizae retrieved from sites in the sub-boreal spruce biogeoclimatic zone in central British Columbia
    • Young, B. W., Massicotte, H. B., Tackaberry, L. E., Baldwin, Q. F. & Egger, K. N. 2002 Monotropa uniflora: morphological and molecular assessment of mycorrhizae retrieved from sites in the sub-boreal spruce biogeoclimatic zone in central British Columbia. Mycorrhiza 12, 75-82.
    • (2002) Mycorrhiza , vol.12 , pp. 75-82
    • Young, B.W.1    Massicotte, H.B.2    Tackaberry, L.E.3    Baldwin, Q.F.4    Egger, K.N.5
  • 65
    • 34249793685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wide geographical and ecological distribution of nitrogen and carbon gains from fungi in pyroloids and monotropoids (Ericaceae) and in orchids
    • Zimmer, K., Hynson, N. A., Gebauer, G., Allen, E. B., Allen, M. F. & Read, D. J. 2007 Wide geographical and ecological distribution of nitrogen and carbon gains from fungi in pyroloids and monotropoids (Ericaceae) and in orchids. New Phytol. 175, 166-175.
    • (2007) New Phytol , vol.175 , pp. 166-175
    • Zimmer, K.1    Hynson, N.A.2    Gebauer, G.3    Allen, E.B.4    Allen, M.F.5    Read, D.J.6
  • 66
    • 41149180058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ectomycorrhizal specialist orchid Corallorhiza trifida is a partial mycoheterotroph
    • Zimmer, K., Meyer, C. & Gebauer, G. 2008 The ectomycorrhizal specialist orchid Corallorhiza trifida is a partial mycoheterotroph. New Phytol. 178, 395-400.
    • (2008) New Phytol , vol.178 , pp. 395-400
    • Zimmer, K.1    Meyer, C.2    Gebauer, G.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.