Peripheral amino acid levels in schizophrenia and antipsychotic treatment

Psychiatry Investigation

Volumn 5, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 203-208

  De Luca, Vincenzo ^a,b   Viggiano, Emanuela ^b   Messina, Giovanni ^b   Viggiano, Alessandro ^b   Borlido, Carol ^a   Viggiano, Andrea ^c   Monda, Marcellino ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b SECOND UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES PARTHENOPE   (Italy)

Author keywords

Amino acids; Antipsychotics; Neuroleptics; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

ALANINE; AMINO ACID; ARGININE; ASPARAGINE; ASPARTIC ACID; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CITRULLINE; CLOZAPINE; CYSTEINE; GLUTAMIC ACID; GLUTAMINE; GLYCINE; HISTIDINE; HOMOCYSTEINE; ISOLEUCINE; LEUCINE; LYSINE; METHIONINE; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; ORNITHINE; PHENYLALANINE; PROLINE; SERINE; SULPIRIDE; TAURINE; THREONINE; TRYPTOPHAN; TYROSINE;

AMINO ACID BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG RESPONSE; EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN; ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY; LITERATURE; METABOLISM; NONHUMAN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; REFERENCE VALUE; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SEX DIFFERENCE; SIDE EFFECT;

EID: 58149491981     PISSN: 17383684     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4306/pi.2008.5.4.203     Document Type: Review

References (38)

1. Fernstrom JD, Faller DV. Neutral amino acids in the brain: changes in response to food ingestion. J Neurochem 1978;30:1531-1538.
2. Fernstrom JD. Dietary precursors and brain neurotransmitter formation Annu Rev Med 1981;32:413-425.
3. Maycox PR, Hell JW, Jahn R. Amino acid neurotransmission: spotlight on synaptic vesicles. Trends Neurosci 1990;13:83-87.
4. Tortorella A, Monteleone P, Fabrazzo M, Viggiano A, De Luca L, Maj M. Plasma concentrations of amino acids in chronic schizophrenics treated with clozapine. Neuropsychobiology 2001;44:167-171.
5. Meltzer HY. Clinical studies on the mechanism of action of clozapine: the dopamine-serotonin hypothesis of schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1989;99 Suppl:S18-27.
6. Rao ML, Gross G, Strebel B, Bräunig P, Huber G, Klosterkötter J. Serum amino acids, central monoamines, and hormones in drug-naive, drug-free, and neuroleptic-treated schizophrenic patients and healthy subjects. Psychiatry Res 1990;34:243-257.
7. Goff DC, Wine L. Glutamate in schizophrenia: clinical and research implications. Schizophr Res 1997;27:157-168.
8. Alfredsson G, Wiesel FA. Relationships between clinical effects and monoamine metabolites and amino acids in sulpiride-treated schizophrenic patients. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1990;101:324-331.
9. Waziri R, Wilcox J, Sherman AD, Mott J. Serine metabolism and psychosis. Psychiatry Res 1984;12:121-136.
10. Waziri R, Mott J. Drug effects on serine metabolism in psychiatric patients. Psychiatry Res 1986;18:119-126.
11. Macciardi F, Lucca A, Catalano M, Marino C, Zanardi R, Smeraldi E. Amino acid patterns in schizophrenia: some new findings. Psychiatry Res 1990;32:63-70.
12. Perry TL, Hansen S. Interconversion of serine and glycine is normal in psychotic patients. Psychiatry Res 1985;15:109-113.
13. Carl GF, Brogan MP, Young BK. Is plasma serine a marker for psychosis? Biol Psychiatry 1992;31:1130-1135.
14. Kane J, Honigfeld G, Singer J, Meltzer H. Clozapine for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic. A double-blind comparison with chlorpromazine. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988;45:789-796.
15. Monda M, Viggiano A, Sullo A, De Luca V. Nitric oxide reduces hypophagia induced by threonine free diet in the rat. Brain Res 1998;808: 129-133.
16. Alfredsson G, Wiesel FA, Lindberg M. Glutamate and glutamine in cerebrospinal fluid and serum from healthy volunteers-analytical aspects. J Chromatogr 1988;424:378-384.
17. Peny TL, Wright JM, Hansen S. Hyperasparaginemia in a schizophrenic patient. Biol Psychiatry 1983;18:89-97.
18. Alfredsson G, Wiesel FA. Monoamine metabolites and amino acids in serum from schizophrenic patients before and during sulpiride treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1989;99:322-327.
19. Tomiya M, Fukushima T, Watanabe H, Fukami G, Fujisaki M, Iyo M, et al. Alterations in serum amino acid concentrations in male and female schizophrenic patients. Clin Chim Acta 2007;380:186-190.
20. Evins AE, Amico ET, Shih V, Goff DC. Clozapine treatment increases serum glutamate and aspartate compared to conventional neuroleptics. J Neural Transm 1997;104:761-766.
21. Goff DC, Hennen J, Lyoo IK, Tsai G, Wald LL, Evins AE, et al. Modulation of brain and serum glutamatergic concentrations following a switch from conventional neuroleptics to olanzapine. Biol Psychiatry 2002;51:493-497.
22. Maeshima H, Ohnuma T, Sakai Y, Shibata N, Baba H, Ihara H, et al. Increased plasma glutamate by antipsychotic medication and its relationship to glutaminase 1 and 2 genotypes in schizophrenia-Juntendo University Schizophrenia Projects (JUSP). Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2007;31:1410-1418.
23. Shulman Y, Grant S, Seres P, Hanstock C, Baker G, Tibbo P. The relation between peripheral and central glutamate and glutamine in healthy male volunteers. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2006;31:406-410.
24. McGale EH, Pye IF, Stonier C, Hutchinson EC, Aber GM. Studies of the inter-relationship between cerebrospinal fluid and plasma amino acid concentrations in normal individuals. J Neurochem 1977;29:291-297.
25. Baruah S, Waziri R, Hegwood TS, Mallis LM. Plasma serine in schizophrenics and controls measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Psychiatry Res 1991;37:261-270.
26. Jacquet H, Demily C, Houy E, Hecketsweiler B, Bou J, Raux G, et al. Hyperprolinemia is a risk factor for schizoaffective disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2005;10:479-485.
27. Raux G, Bumsel E, Hecketsweiler B, van Amelsvoort T, Zinkstok J, Manouvrier-Hanu S, et al. Involvement of hyperprolinemia in cognitive and psychiatric features of the 22q11 deletion syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2007;16:83-91.
28. Goodman BK, Rutberg J, Lin WW, Pulver AL, Thomas GH. Hyper-prolinaemia in patients with deletion (22) (q11.2) syndrome. J Inherit Metab Dis 2000;23:847-848.
29. Murphy KC, Jones LA, Owen MJ. High rates of schizophrenia in adults with velo-cardio-facial syndrome. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999;56:940-945.
30. Pulver AE, Nestadt G, Goldberg R, Shprintzen RJ, Lamacz M, Wolyniec PS, et al. Psychotic illness in patients diagnosed with velo-cardiofacial syndrome and their relatives. J Nerv Ment Dis 1994;182:476-478.
31. Shprintzen RJ, Goldberg R, Golding-Kushner KJ, Marion RW. Late-onset psychosis in the velo-cardio-facial syndrome. Am J Med Genet 1992;42:141-142.
32. Bjerkenstedt L, Edman G, Hagenfeldt L, Sedvall G, Wiesel FA. Plasma amino acids in relation to cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites in schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. Br J Psychiatry 1985; 147:276-282.
33. Wei J, Xu H, Ramchand CN, Hemmings GP. Low concentrations of serum tyrosine in neuroleptic-free schizophrenics with an early onset. Schizophr Res 1995;14:257-260.
34. Reveley MA, De Belleroche J, Recordati A, Hirsch SR. Increased CSF amino acids and ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia: a preliminary study. Biol Psychiatry 1987;22:413-420.
35. van der Heijden FM, Fekkes D, Tuinier S, Sijben AE, Kahn RS, Verhoeven WM. Amino acids in schizophrenia: evidence for lower tryptophan availability during treatment with atypical antipsychotics? J Neural Transm 2005;112:577-585.
36. Fekkes D, Pepplinkhuizen L, Verheij R, Bruinvels J. Abnormal plasma levels of serine, methionine, and taurine in transient acute polymorphic psychosis. Psychiatry Res 1994;51:11-18.
37. Muntjewerff JW, Kahn RS, Blom HJ, den Heijer M. Homocysteine, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and risk of schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry 2006;11:143-149.
38. First MB, Gibbon M, Robert LS, Williams JBW. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders-Clinical Version (SCID-CV). Washington: American Press, 1997, p.18.