메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 30-39

The effects of hypoestrogenism on the vaginal wall: Interference with the normal sexual response

Author keywords

Dyspareunia; Estrogen; Female Sexual Function; Menopause; Sexual Arousal; Vaginal Wall

Indexed keywords

ESTRADIOL; ESTRIOL; ESTROGEN; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR BETA; G ACTIN; PROMESTRIENE; SILDENAFIL;

EID: 58149482042     PISSN: 17436095     EISSN: 17436109     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.01052.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (63)

References (105)
  • 1
    • 0037665061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging anatomy of the female genitalia in premenopausal and postmenopausal women
    • Suh DD, Yang CC, Cao Y, Garland PA, Maravilla KR. Magnetic resonance imaging anatomy of the female genitalia in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. J Urol 2003;170:138-44.
    • (2003) J Urol , vol.170 , pp. 138-144
    • Suh, D.D.1    Yang, C.C.2    Cao, Y.3    Garland, P.A.4    Maravilla, K.R.5
  • 2
    • 58149521327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual arousal in Women with Superficial Dyspareunia
    • Brauer M, Laan E, Ter Kuile MM. Sexual arousal in Women with Superficial Dyspareunia. Arch Sex Behav 2006;20:20.
    • (2006) Arch Sex Behav , vol.20 , pp. 20
    • Brauer, M.1    Laan, E.2    Ter Kuile, M.M.3
  • 4
    • 1542347053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Female sexual function and response
    • Arcos B. Female sexual function and response. J Am Osteopath Assoc 2004;104:S16-20.
    • (2004) J Am Osteopath Assoc , vol.104
    • Arcos, B.1
  • 5
    • 0022466094 scopus 로고
    • The "G spot"and "female ejaculation": A current appraisal
    • Alzate H, Hoch Z. The "G spot"and "female ejaculation": A current appraisal. J Sex Marital Ther 1986;12:211-20.
    • (1986) J Sex Marital Ther , vol.12 , pp. 211-220
    • Alzate, H.1    Hoch, Z.2
  • 6
    • 0022967520 scopus 로고
    • Vaginal erotic sensitivity by sexological examination
    • Hoch Z. Vaginal erotic sensitivity by sexological examination. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1986;65:767-73.
    • (1986) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand , vol.65 , pp. 767-773
    • Hoch, Z.1
  • 7
    • 58149490042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • El examen sexológico en las disfunciones excitatorias y orgásmicas femeninas
    • Useche B. El examen sexológico en las disfunciones excitatorias y orgásmicas femeninas. [The sexological exam in the excitatory and orgasmic female dysfunctions.] Revista Terapia Sexual 2001;4:115-31.
    • (2001) Revista Terapia Sexual , vol.4 , pp. 115-131
    • Useche, B.1
  • 9
    • 37549045193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unconscious classical conditioning of sexual arousal: Evidence for the conditioning of female genital arousal to subliminally presented sexual stimuli
    • Both S, Spiering M, Laan E, Belcome S, van den Heuvel B, Everaerd W. Unconscious classical conditioning of sexual arousal: Evidence for the conditioning of female genital arousal to subliminally presented sexual stimuli. J Sex Med 2008;5:100-9.
    • (2008) J Sex Med , vol.5 , pp. 100-109
    • Both, S.1    Spiering, M.2    Laan, E.3    Belcome, S.4    van den Heuvel, B.5    Everaerd, W.6
  • 11
    • 0025991511 scopus 로고
    • VIP, vagina, clitoral and periurethral glans-an update on human female genital arousal
    • Levin RJ. VIP, vagina, clitoral and periurethral glans-an update on human female genital arousal. Exp Clin Endocrinol 1991;98:61-9.
    • (1991) Exp Clin Endocrinol , vol.98 , pp. 61-69
    • Levin, R.J.1
  • 14
    • 0030839669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PreproVIP-derived peptides in the human female genital tract: Expression and biological function
    • Bredkjoer HE, Palle C, Ekblad E, Fahrenkrug J, Ottesen B. PreproVIP-derived peptides in the human female genital tract: Expression and biological function. Neuropeptides 1997;31:209-15.
    • (1997) Neuropeptides , vol.31 , pp. 209-215
    • Bredkjoer, H.E.1    Palle, C.2    Ekblad, E.3    Fahrenkrug, J.4    Ottesen, B.5
  • 15
    • 0036596743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The complexities of female sexual arousal disorder: Potential role of pharmacotherapy
    • Basson R. The complexities of female sexual arousal disorder: Potential role of pharmacotherapy. World J Urol 2002;20:119-26.
    • (2002) World J Urol , vol.20 , pp. 119-126
    • Basson, R.1
  • 16
    • 0037491476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arousal disorders in women: Complaints and complexities
    • Leiblum SR. Arousal disorders in women: Complaints and complexities. Med J Aust 2003;178:638-40.
    • (2003) Med J Aust , vol.178 , pp. 638-640
    • Leiblum, S.R.1
  • 17
    • 2442664493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of hormones on menopausal sexuality: A literature review
    • Bachmann GA, Leiblum SR. The impact of hormones on menopausal sexuality: A literature review. Menopause 2004;11:120-30.
    • (2004) Menopause , vol.11 , pp. 120-130
    • Bachmann, G.A.1    Leiblum, S.R.2
  • 18
    • 34247145382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormones and sexuality: Current complexities and future directions
    • Basson R. Hormones and sexuality: Current complexities and future directions. Maturitas 2007;57:66-70.
    • (2007) Maturitas , vol.57 , pp. 66-70
    • Basson, R.1
  • 19
    • 0031924345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of estrogen withdrawal on nitric oxide synthase expression and apoptosis in the rat vagina
    • Berman JR, McCarthy MM, Kyprianou N. Effect of estrogen withdrawal on nitric oxide synthase expression and apoptosis in the rat vagina. Urology 1998;51:650-6.
    • (1998) Urology , vol.51 , pp. 650-656
    • Berman, J.R.1    McCarthy, M.M.2    Kyprianou, N.3
  • 20
    • 37549024546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effects of hormone therapy regimens, oral and vaginal estradiol, estradiol + drospirenone and tibolone, on sexual function in healthy postmenopausal women
    • Cayan F, Dilek U, Pata O, Dilek S. Comparison of the effects of hormone therapy regimens, oral and vaginal estradiol, estradiol + drospirenone and tibolone, on sexual function in healthy postmenopausal women. J Sex Med 2008;5:132-8.
    • (2008) J Sex Med , vol.5 , pp. 132-138
    • Cayan, F.1    Dilek, U.2    Pata, O.3    Dilek, S.4
  • 21
    • 17644377220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaginal thickness, cross-sectional area, and perimeter in women with and those without prolapse
    • Hsu Y, Chen L, Delancey JO, Ashton-Miller JA. Vaginal thickness, cross-sectional area, and perimeter in women with and those without prolapse. Obstet Gynecol 2005;105:1012-7.
    • (2005) Obstet Gynecol , vol.105 , pp. 1012-1017
    • Hsu, Y.1    Chen, L.2    Delancey, J.O.3    Ashton-Miller, J.A.4
  • 23
    • 33747631007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential regulation of the expression of estrogen, progesterone, and androgen receptors by sex steroid hormones in the vagina: Immunohistochemical studies
    • Pessina MA, Hoyt RF Jr, Goldstein I, Traish AM. Differential regulation of the expression of estrogen, progesterone, and androgen receptors by sex steroid hormones in the vagina: Immunohistochemical studies. J Sex Med 2006;3:804-14.
    • (2006) J Sex Med , vol.3 , pp. 804-814
    • Pessina, M.A.1    Hoyt Jr., R.F.2    Goldstein, I.3    Traish, A.M.4
  • 24
    • 0242606046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of estrogen receptor-alpha and -beta in anterior vaginal walls of genuine stress incontinent women
    • discussion 81
    • Fu X, Rezapour M, Wu X, Li L, Sjogren C, Ulmsten U. Expression of estrogen receptor-alpha and -beta in anterior vaginal walls of genuine stress incontinent women. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 2003;14:276-81. discussion 81.
    • (2003) Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct , vol.14 , pp. 276-281
    • Fu, X.1    Rezapour, M.2    Wu, X.3    Li, L.4    Sjogren, C.5    Ulmsten, U.6
  • 26
    • 0031881836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An immunohistochemical study of androgen, oestrogen and progesterone receptors in the vulva and vagina
    • Hodgins MB, Spike RC, Mackie RM, MacLean AB. An immunohistochemical study of androgen, oestrogen and progesterone receptors in the vulva and vagina. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1998;105:216-22.
    • (1998) Br J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.105 , pp. 216-222
    • Hodgins, M.B.1    Spike, R.C.2    Mackie, R.M.3    MacLean, A.B.4
  • 27
    • 0033937251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oestrogen and progesterone receptor expression in the female lower urinary tract, with reference to oestrogen status
    • Blakeman PJ, Hilton P, Bulmer JN. Oestrogen and progesterone receptor expression in the female lower urinary tract, with reference to oestrogen status. BJU Int 2000;86:32-8.
    • (2000) BJU Int , vol.86 , pp. 32-38
    • Blakeman, P.J.1    Hilton, P.2    Bulmer, J.N.3
  • 28
    • 0032589745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen receptor alpha mediates the nongenomic activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by estrogen
    • Chen Z, Yuhanna IS, Galcheva-Gargova Z, Karas RH, Mendelsohn ME, Shaul PW. Estrogen receptor alpha mediates the nongenomic activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by estrogen. J Clin Invest 1999;103:401-6.
    • (1999) J Clin Invest , vol.103 , pp. 401-406
    • Chen, Z.1    Yuhanna, I.S.2    Galcheva-Gargova, Z.3    Karas, R.H.4    Mendelsohn, M.E.5    Shaul, P.W.6
  • 29
    • 0035210968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of estrogen receptor isoforms alpha and beta messenger RNA in vaginal tissue of premenopausal and postmenopausal women
    • discussion 30-1
    • Gebhart JB, Rickard DJ, Barrett TJ, Lesnick TG, Webb MJ, Podratz KC, Spelsberg TC. Expression of estrogen receptor isoforms alpha and beta messenger RNA in vaginal tissue of premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185:1325-30. discussion 30-1.
    • (2001) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.185 , pp. 1325-1330
    • Gebhart, J.B.1    Rickard, D.J.2    Barrett, T.J.3    Lesnick, T.G.4    Webb, M.J.5    Podratz, K.C.6    Spelsberg, T.C.7
  • 30
    • 29344452196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone on vaginal structural integrity
    • Pessina MA, Hoyt RF Jr, Goldstein I, Traish AM. Differential effects of estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone on vaginal structural integrity. Endocrinology 2006;147:61-9.
    • (2006) Endocrinology , vol.147 , pp. 61-69
    • Pessina, M.A.1    Hoyt Jr., R.F.2    Goldstein, I.3    Traish, A.M.4
  • 31
    • 0032611153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotrophic basis of atrophic changes in the vagina and vulva
    • Lotocki W. Neurotrophic basis of atrophic changes in the vagina and vulva. Przegl Lek 1999;56:81-5.
    • (1999) Przegl Lek , vol.56 , pp. 81-85
    • Lotocki, W.1
  • 32
    • 84939408028 scopus 로고
    • Innervation of the human vaginal mucosa as revealed by PGP 9.5 immunohistochemistry
    • Hilliges M, Falconer C, Ekman-Ordeberg G, Johansson O. Innervation of the human vaginal mucosa as revealed by PGP 9.5 immunohistochemistry. Acta Anat 1995;153:119-26.
    • (1995) Acta Anat , vol.153 , pp. 119-126
    • Hilliges, M.1    Falconer, C.2    Ekman-Ordeberg, G.3    Johansson, O.4
  • 33
    • 34548087063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a vaginal pacemaker: An immunohistochemical and morphometric study
    • Shafik A, Shafik AA, Sibai OE, Shafik IA. Identification of a vaginal pacemaker: An immunohistochemical and morphometric study. J Obstet Gynaecol 2007;27:485-8.
    • (2007) J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.27 , pp. 485-488
    • Shafik, A.1    Shafik, A.A.2    Sibai, O.E.3    Shafik, I.A.4
  • 34
    • 2442701405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The electrovaginogram: Study of the vaginal electric activity and its role in the sexual act and disorders
    • Shafik A, El Sibai O, Shafik AA, Ahmed I, Mostafa RM. The electrovaginogram: Study of the vaginal electric activity and its role in the sexual act and disorders. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2004;269:282-6.
    • (2004) Arch Gynecol Obstet , vol.269 , pp. 282-286
    • Shafik, A.1    El Sibai, O.2    Shafik, A.A.3    Ahmed, I.4    Mostafa, R.M.5
  • 37
    • 58149499551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating by CD the molecular mechanism of elasticity of elastomeric proteins
    • Bochicchio B, Pepe A, Tamburro AM. Investigating by CD the molecular mechanism of elasticity of elastomeric proteins. Chirality 2008;21:21.
    • (2008) Chirality , vol.21 , pp. 21
    • Bochicchio, B.1    Pepe, A.2    Tamburro, A.M.3
  • 38
    • 0029962414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The vascular protective effects of estrogen
    • Farhat MY, Lavigne MC, Ramwell PW. The vascular protective effects of estrogen. Faseb J 1996;10:615-24.
    • (1996) Faseb J , vol.10 , pp. 615-624
    • Farhat, M.Y.1    Lavigne, M.C.2    Ramwell, P.W.3
  • 39
    • 0037014416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic and nongenomic effects of estrogen in the vasculature
    • Mendelsohn ME. Genomic and nongenomic effects of estrogen in the vasculature. Am J Cardiol 2002;90:3F-6F.
    • (2002) Am J Cardiol , vol.90
    • Mendelsohn, M.E.1
  • 40
    • 0029990204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of estrogen on nitric oxide biosynthesis and vasorelaxant activity in sheep uterine and renal arteries in vitro
    • Veille JC, Li P, Eisenach JC, Massmann AG, Figueroa JP. Effects of estrogen on nitric oxide biosynthesis and vasorelaxant activity in sheep uterine and renal arteries in vitro. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;174:1043-9.
    • (1996) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.174 , pp. 1043-1049
    • Veille, J.C.1    Li, P.2    Eisenach, J.C.3    Massmann, A.G.4    Figueroa, J.P.5
  • 41
  • 42
    • 53649088193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of hormone replacement therapy on clitoral artery blood flow in healthy postmenopausal women
    • Alatas E, Yagci B, Oztekin O, Sabir N. Effect of hormone replacement therapy on clitoral artery blood flow in healthy postmenopausal women. J Sex Med 2008;10:10.
    • (2008) J Sex Med , vol.10 , pp. 10
    • Alatas, E.1    Yagci, B.2    Oztekin, O.3    Sabir, N.4
  • 44
    • 34247588730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen and progestogen use in peri- and postmenopausal women: March 2007 position statement of The North American Menopause Society
    • North American Menopause Society
    • North American Menopause Society. Estrogen and progestogen use in peri- and postmenopausal women: March 2007 position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause 2007;14:168-82.
    • (2007) Menopause , vol.14 , pp. 168-182
  • 45
    • 0034461881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aquaporin-1 expression in visceral smooth muscle cells of female rat reproductive tract
    • Gannon BJ, Warnes GM, Carati CJ, Verco CJ. Aquaporin-1 expression in visceral smooth muscle cells of female rat reproductive tract. J Smooth Muscle Res 2000;36:155-67.
    • (2000) J Smooth Muscle Res , vol.36 , pp. 155-167
    • Gannon, B.J.1    Warnes, G.M.2    Carati, C.J.3    Verco, C.J.4
  • 46
    • 37549040536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of aquaporin water channels in rat vagina: Potential role in vaginal lubrication
    • Park K, Han HJ, Kim SW, Jung SI, Kim SO, Lee HS, Lee MN, Ahn K. Expression of aquaporin water channels in rat vagina: Potential role in vaginal lubrication. J Sex Med 2008;5:77-82.
    • (2008) J Sex Med , vol.5 , pp. 77-82
    • Park, K.1    Han, H.J.2    Kim, S.W.3    Jung, S.I.4    Kim, S.O.5    Lee, H.S.6    Lee, M.N.7    Ahn, K.8
  • 47
    • 33748776879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytohormonal and morphological alterations in cervicovaginal smears of postmenopausal women on hormone replacement therapy
    • Gupta S, Kumar N, Singhal N, Manektala U, Jain S, Sodhani P. Cytohormonal and morphological alterations in cervicovaginal smears of postmenopausal women on hormone replacement therapy. Diagn Cytopathol 2006;34:676-81.
    • (2006) Diagn Cytopathol , vol.34 , pp. 676-681
    • Gupta, S.1    Kumar, N.2    Singhal, N.3    Manektala, U.4    Jain, S.5    Sodhani, P.6
  • 48
    • 0032810208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of vulvovaginal estrogen on sensorimotor response of the lower genital tract: A randomized controlled trial
    • Foster DC, Palmer M, Marks J. Effect of vulvovaginal estrogen on sensorimotor response of the lower genital tract: A randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 1999;94:232-7.
    • (1999) Obstet Gynecol , vol.94 , pp. 232-237
    • Foster, D.C.1    Palmer, M.2    Marks, J.3
  • 49
    • 0028950347 scopus 로고
    • The vaginal epithelium in the postmenopause-cytology, histology and pH as methods of assessment
    • Nilsson K, Risberg B, Heimer G. The vaginal epithelium in the postmenopause-cytology, histology and pH as methods of assessment. Maturitas 1995;21:51-6.
    • (1995) Maturitas , vol.21 , pp. 51-56
    • Nilsson, K.1    Risberg, B.2    Heimer, G.3
  • 50
    • 0029586198 scopus 로고
    • Urogenital ageing: An old problem newly recognized
    • Bachmann G. Urogenital ageing: An old problem newly recognized. Maturitas 1995;22(suppl):S1-5.
    • (1995) Maturitas , vol.22 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Bachmann, G.1
  • 51
    • 21744450592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Markers of collagen synthesis and degradation in urogenital tissue from women with and without stress urinary incontinence
    • Edwall L, Carlstrom K, Jonasson AF. Markers of collagen synthesis and degradation in urogenital tissue from women with and without stress urinary incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn 2005;24:319-24.
    • (2005) Neurourol Urodyn , vol.24 , pp. 319-324
    • Edwall, L.1    Carlstrom, K.2    Jonasson, A.F.3
  • 53
    • 12244266690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging and estrogen effects on transcervical-transvaginal epithelial permeability
    • Gorodeski GI. Aging and estrogen effects on transcervical-transvaginal epithelial permeability. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:345-51.
    • (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.90 , pp. 345-351
    • Gorodeski, G.I.1
  • 54
    • 34447326694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in mRNA and protein expression of small proteoglycans in vaginal wall tissue from women with and without stress urinary incontinence
    • Wen Y, Zhao YY, Li S, Polan ML, Chen BH. Differences in mRNA and protein expression of small proteoglycans in vaginal wall tissue from women with and without stress urinary incontinence. Hum Reprod 2007;22:1718-24.
    • (2007) Hum Reprod , vol.22 , pp. 1718-1724
    • Wen, Y.1    Zhao, Y.Y.2    Li, S.3    Polan, M.L.4    Chen, B.H.5
  • 55
    • 0036286373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effect of ovariectomy and simulated birth trauma on the lower urinary tract of female rats
    • Resplande J, Gholami SS, Graziottin TM, Rogers R, Lin CS, Leng W, Lue TF. Long-term effect of ovariectomy and simulated birth trauma on the lower urinary tract of female rats. J Urol 2002;168:323-30.
    • (2002) J Urol , vol.168 , pp. 323-330
    • Resplande, J.1    Gholami, S.S.2    Graziottin, T.M.3    Rogers, R.4    Lin, C.S.5    Leng, W.6    Lue, T.F.7
  • 56
    • 4544256912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen regulates vaginal sensory and autonomic nerve density in the rat
    • Ting AY, Blacklock AD, Smith PG. Estrogen regulates vaginal sensory and autonomic nerve density in the rat. Biol Reprod 2004;71:1397-404.
    • (2004) Biol Reprod , vol.71 , pp. 1397-1404
    • Ting, A.Y.1    Blacklock, A.D.2    Smith, P.G.3
  • 58
    • 38649111307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaginal vasomotion-its appearance, measurement, and usefulness in assessing the mechanisms of vasodilatation
    • Levin RJ, Wylie K. Vaginal vasomotion-its appearance, measurement, and usefulness in assessing the mechanisms of vasodilatation. J Sex Med 2008;5:377-86.
    • (2008) J Sex Med , vol.5 , pp. 377-386
    • Levin, R.J.1    Wylie, K.2
  • 60
    • 30644475235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progress in female sexual dysfunction
    • Verit FF, Yeni E, Kafali H. Progress in female sexual dysfunction. Urol Int 2006;76:1-10.
    • (2006) Urol Int , vol.76 , pp. 1-10
    • Verit, F.F.1    Yeni, E.2    Kafali, H.3
  • 61
    • 0032440448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The tight junction: Morphology to molecules
    • Stevenson BR, Keon BH. The tight junction: Morphology to molecules. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 1998;14:89-109.
    • (1998) Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol , vol.14 , pp. 89-109
    • Stevenson, B.R.1    Keon, B.H.2
  • 62
    • 0034092436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructure of detrusor and urethral smooth muscle in women with urinary incontinence
    • FitzGerald MP, Russell B, Hale D, Benson JT, Brubaker L. Ultrastructure of detrusor and urethral smooth muscle in women with urinary incontinence. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:879-84.
    • (2000) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.182 , pp. 879-884
    • FitzGerald, M.P.1    Russell, B.2    Hale, D.3    Benson, J.T.4    Brubaker, L.5
  • 63
    • 0034813811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaginal-cervical epithelial permeability decreases after menopause
    • Gorodeski GI. Vaginal-cervical epithelial permeability decreases after menopause. Fertil Steril 2001;76:753-61.
    • (2001) Fertil Steril , vol.76 , pp. 753-761
    • Gorodeski, G.I.1
  • 65
    • 17044399254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genital duplex Doppler ultrasonography before and after sexual stimulation in women with sexual dysfunction: Gray scale, volumetric, and hemodynamic findings
    • Garcia S, Talakoub L, Maitland S, Dennis A, Goldstein I, Munarriz R. Genital duplex Doppler ultrasonography before and after sexual stimulation in women with sexual dysfunction: Gray scale, volumetric, and hemodynamic findings. Fertil Steril 2005;83:995-9.
    • (2005) Fertil Steril , vol.83 , pp. 995-999
    • Garcia, S.1    Talakoub, L.2    Maitland, S.3    Dennis, A.4    Goldstein, I.5    Munarriz, R.6
  • 66
    • 20444367715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of sexual function on the chance of pregnancy
    • Gianotten WL, te Velde ER. The influence of sexual function on the chance of pregnancy. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2005;149:1207-10.
    • (2005) Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd , vol.149 , pp. 1207-1210
    • Gianotten, W.L.1    te Velde, E.R.2
  • 68
    • 0031805041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vasculogenic female sexual dysfunction: Vaginal engorgement and clitoral erectile insufficiency syndromes
    • discussion S8-101
    • Goldstein I, Berman JR. Vasculogenic female sexual dysfunction: Vaginal engorgement and clitoral erectile insufficiency syndromes. Int J Impot Res 1998;10(2suppl):S84-90. discussion S8-101.
    • (1998) Int J Impot Res , vol.10 , Issue.2 SUPPL.
    • Goldstein, I.1    Berman, J.R.2
  • 71
    • 0037176791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen replacement reverses ovariectomy-induced vaginal hyperalgesia in the rat
    • Bradshaw HB, Berkley KJ. Estrogen replacement reverses ovariectomy-induced vaginal hyperalgesia in the rat. Maturitas 2002;41:157-65.
    • (2002) Maturitas , vol.41 , pp. 157-165
    • Bradshaw, H.B.1    Berkley, K.J.2
  • 72
    • 0031080842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated tissue levels of interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in vulvar vestibulitis
    • Foster DC, Hasday JD. Elevated tissue levels of interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in vulvar vestibulitis. Obstet Gynecol 1997;89:291-6.
    • (1997) Obstet Gynecol , vol.89 , pp. 291-296
    • Foster, D.C.1    Hasday, J.D.2
  • 74
    • 34547424326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of pain-related fear on sexual arousal in women with superficial dyspareunia
    • Brauer M, ter Kuile MM, Janssen SA, Laan E. The effect of pain-related fear on sexual arousal in women with superficial dyspareunia. Eur J Pain 2007;11:788-98.
    • (2007) Eur J Pain , vol.11 , pp. 788-798
    • Brauer, M.1    ter Kuile, M.M.2    Janssen, S.A.3    Laan, E.4
  • 75
    • 0027761905 scopus 로고
    • Elective ovarian removal and estrogen replacement therapy-Effects on sexual life, psychological well-being and androgen status
    • Nathorst-Boos J, von Schoultz B, Carlstrom K. Elective ovarian removal and estrogen replacement therapy-Effects on sexual life, psychological well-being and androgen status. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 1993;14:283-93.
    • (1993) J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol , vol.14 , pp. 283-293
    • Nathorst-Boos, J.1    von Schoultz, B.2    Carlstrom, K.3
  • 76
    • 7744221407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual behavior and sexual dysfunctions after age 40: The global study of sexual attitudes and behaviors
    • Nicolosi A, Laumann EO, Glasser DB, Moreira ED Jr, Paik A, Gingell C. Sexual behavior and sexual dysfunctions after age 40: The global study of sexual attitudes and behaviors. Urology 2004;64:991-7.
    • (2004) Urology , vol.64 , pp. 991-997
    • Nicolosi, A.1    Laumann, E.O.2    Glasser, D.B.3    Moreira Jr., E.D.4    Paik, A.5    Gingell, C.6
  • 77
    • 0035041296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of tibolone on vaginal blood flow, sexual desire and arousability in postmenopausal women
    • Laan E, van Lunsen RH, Everaerd W. The effects of tibolone on vaginal blood flow, sexual desire and arousability in postmenopausal women. Climacteric 2001;4:28-41.
    • (2001) Climacteric , vol.4 , pp. 28-41
    • Laan, E.1    van Lunsen, R.H.2    Everaerd, W.3
  • 78
    • 16644382534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genital vascular responsiveness and sexual feelings in midlife women: Psychophysiologic, brain, and genital imaging studies
    • van Lunsen RH, Laan E. Genital vascular responsiveness and sexual feelings in midlife women: Psychophysiologic, brain, and genital imaging studies. Menopause 2004;11:741-8.
    • (2004) Menopause , vol.11 , pp. 741-748
    • van Lunsen, R.H.1    Laan, E.2
  • 79
    • 22244454150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative effects of hormones and relationship factors on sexual function of women through the natural menopausal transition
    • Dennerstein L, Lehert P, Burger H. The relative effects of hormones and relationship factors on sexual function of women through the natural menopausal transition. Fertil Steril 2005;84:174-80.
    • (2005) Fertil Steril , vol.84 , pp. 174-180
    • Dennerstein, L.1    Lehert, P.2    Burger, H.3
  • 80
    • 0030831296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of European womens' experience of the problems of urogenital ageing and its management
    • Barlow DH, Samsioe G, van Geelen JM. A study of European womens' experience of the problems of urogenital ageing and its management. Maturitas 1997;27:239-47.
    • (1997) Maturitas , vol.27 , pp. 239-247
    • Barlow, D.H.1    Samsioe, G.2    van Geelen, J.M.3
  • 82
    • 0031013027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous low dose estradiol released from a vaginal ring versus estriol vaginal cream for urogenital atrophy
    • Barentsen R, van de Weijer PH, Schram JH. Continuous low dose estradiol released from a vaginal ring versus estriol vaginal cream for urogenital atrophy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1997;71:73-80.
    • (1997) Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol , vol.71 , pp. 73-80
    • Barentsen, R.1    van de Weijer, P.H.2    Schram, J.H.3
  • 84
    • 0029865010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of safety and efficacy of continuous low dose oestradiol released from a vaginal ring compared with conjugated equine oestrogen vaginal cream in the treatment of postmenopausal urogenital atrophy
    • Ayton RA, Darling GM, Murkies AL, Farrell EA, Weisberg E, Selinus I, Fraser ID. A comparative study of safety and efficacy of continuous low dose oestradiol released from a vaginal ring compared with conjugated equine oestrogen vaginal cream in the treatment of postmenopausal urogenital atrophy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1996;103:351-8.
    • (1996) Br J Obstet Gynaecol , vol.103 , pp. 351-358
    • Ayton, R.A.1    Darling, G.M.2    Murkies, A.L.3    Farrell, E.A.4    Weisberg, E.5    Selinus, I.6    Fraser, I.D.7
  • 86
    • 0035204045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of estradiol vaginal tablet and conjugated estrogen cream on urogenital symptoms in postmenopausal women: A comparative study
    • Manonai J, Theppisai U, Suthutvoravut S, Udomsubpayakul U, Chittacharoen A. The effect of estradiol vaginal tablet and conjugated estrogen cream on urogenital symptoms in postmenopausal women: A comparative study. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2001;27:255-60.
    • (2001) J Obstet Gynaecol Res , vol.27 , pp. 255-260
    • Manonai, J.1    Theppisai, U.2    Suthutvoravut, S.3    Udomsubpayakul, U.4    Chittacharoen, A.5
  • 87
    • 0034062255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of usefulness of estradiol vaginal tablets and estriol vagitories for treatment of vaginal atrophy
    • Dugal R, Hesla K, Sordal T, Aase KH, Lilleeidet O, Wickstrom E. Comparison of usefulness of estradiol vaginal tablets and estriol vagitories for treatment of vaginal atrophy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2000;79:293-7.
    • (2000) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand , vol.79 , pp. 293-729
    • Dugal, R.1    Hesla, K.2    Sordal, T.3    Aase, K.H.4    Lilleeidet, O.5    Wickstrom, E.6
  • 88
    • 0035160240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocrine and clinical effects of micronized estradiol administered vaginally or orally
    • Tourgeman DE, Slater CC, Stanczyk FZ, Paulson RJ. Endocrine and clinical effects of micronized estradiol administered vaginally or orally. Fertil Steril 2001;75:200-2.
    • (2001) Fertil Steril , vol.75 , pp. 200-202
    • Tourgeman, D.E.1    Slater, C.C.2    Stanczyk, F.Z.3    Paulson, R.J.4
  • 89
    • 28444457671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practical aspects in the management of vaginal atrophy and sexual dysfunction in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women
    • Goldstein I, Alexander JL. Practical aspects in the management of vaginal atrophy and sexual dysfunction in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. J Sex Med 2005;2(3suppl):154-65.
    • (2005) J Sex Med , vol.2 , Issue.3 SUPPL. , pp. 154-165
    • Goldstein, I.1    Alexander, J.L.2
  • 90
    • 0028149190 scopus 로고
    • A comparative multicenter study of the effects of continuous low-dose estradiol released from a new vaginal ring versus estriol vaginal pessaries in postmenopausal women with symptoms and signs of urogenital atrophy
    • Henriksson L, Stjernquist M, Boquist L, Alander U, Selinus I. A comparative multicenter study of the effects of continuous low-dose estradiol released from a new vaginal ring versus estriol vaginal pessaries in postmenopausal women with symptoms and signs of urogenital atrophy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994;171:624-32.
    • (1994) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.171 , pp. 624-632
    • Henriksson, L.1    Stjernquist, M.2    Boquist, L.3    Alander, U.4    Selinus, I.5
  • 93
    • 0020403461 scopus 로고
    • Absence of systemic hormonal effects in an oestradiol diether topically active on the vaginal mucosa
    • Wolff JP, Cachelou R, Gueritee N. Absence of systemic hormonal effects in an oestradiol diether topically active on the vaginal mucosa. Maturitas 1982;4:239-46.
    • (1982) Maturitas , vol.4 , pp. 239-246
    • Wolff, J.P.1    Cachelou, R.2    Gueritee, N.3
  • 94
    • 0035380684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Premenopausal women affected by sexual arousal disorder treated with sildenafil: A double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled study
    • Caruso S, Intelisano G, Lupo L, Agnello C. Premenopausal women affected by sexual arousal disorder treated with sildenafil: A double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled study. BJOG 2001;108:623-8.
    • (2001) BJOG , vol.108 , pp. 623-628
    • Caruso, S.1    Intelisano, G.2    Lupo, L.3    Agnello, C.4
  • 95
    • 35448995251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of messenger ribonucleic acid encoding for phosphodiesterase isoenzymes in human female genital tissues
    • Uckert S, Ellinghaus P, Albrecht K, Jonas U, Oelke M. Expression of messenger ribonucleic acid encoding for phosphodiesterase isoenzymes in human female genital tissues. J Sex Med 2007;4:1604-9.
    • (2007) J Sex Med , vol.4 , pp. 1604-1609
    • Uckert, S.1    Ellinghaus, P.2    Albrecht, K.3    Jonas, U.4    Oelke, M.5
  • 97
    • 0028084423 scopus 로고
    • Comparative study: Replens versus local estrogen in menopausal women
    • Nachtigall LE. Comparative study: Replens versus local estrogen in menopausal women. Fertil Steril 1994;61:178-80.
    • (1994) Fertil Steril , vol.61 , pp. 178-180
    • Nachtigall, L.E.1
  • 98
    • 18844452617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postmenopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer: What is the problem?
    • Kenemans P. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer: What is the problem? Maturitas 2005;51:75-82.
    • (2005) Maturitas , vol.51 , pp. 75-82
    • Kenemans, P.1
  • 99
    • 84944970379 scopus 로고
    • Vaginal atrophy in the postmenopausal woman. The importance of sexual activity and hormones
    • Leiblum S, Bachmann G, Kemmann E, Colburn D, Swartzman L. Vaginal atrophy in the postmenopausal woman. The importance of sexual activity and hormones. JAMA 1983;249:2195-8.
    • (1983) JAMA , vol.249 , pp. 2195-2198
    • Leiblum, S.1    Bachmann, G.2    Kemmann, E.3    Colburn, D.4    Swartzman, L.5
  • 101
    • 13844276999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada. SOGC clinical practice guidelines. The detection and management of vaginal atrophy. Number 145, May 2004
    • Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada. SOGC clinical practice guidelines. The detection and management of vaginal atrophy. Number 145, May 2004. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2005;88:222-8.
    • (2005) Int J Gynaecol Obstet , vol.88 , pp. 222-228
  • 102
    • 69649108864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of local vaginal estrogen for treatment of vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women: 2007 position statement of The North American Menopause Society
    • North American Menopause Society. quiz 70-1
    • North American Menopause Society. The role of local vaginal estrogen for treatment of vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women: 2007 position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause 2007;14:355-69; quiz 70-1.
    • (2007) Menopause , vol.14 , pp. 355-369
  • 104
    • 0032066199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical platform for the 17beta-estradiol vaginal releasing ring
    • Bachmann GA. The clinical platform for the 17beta-estradiol vaginal releasing ring. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;178:S257-60.
    • (1998) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.178
    • Bachmann, G.A.1
  • 105
    • 33847692262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormonal changes in menopause and implications on sexual health
    • Schwenkhagen A. Hormonal changes in menopause and implications on sexual health. J Sex Med 2007;4(3suppl):220-6.
    • (2007) J Sex Med , vol.4 , Issue.3 SUPPL. , pp. 220-226
    • Schwenkhagen, A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.