Who believes us when we try to conceal our prejudices? the effectiveness of moral credentials with in-groups versus out-groups

Journal of Social Psychology

Volumn 148, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 689-710

  Krumm, Angela J ^a,b   Corning, Alexandra F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME   (United States)

^b SAN JOSE STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Moral credentials; Prejudice; Sexual identity; Sexual orientation; Social identity theory

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HOMOSEXUALITY; HUMAN; MALE; MORALITY; PERCEPTION; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL DESIRABILITY; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; UNITED STATES;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; FEMALE; HOMOSEXUALITY; HUMANS; MALE; MIDWESTERN UNITED STATES; MORALS; PREJUDICE; SOCIAL DESIRABILITY; SOCIAL IDENTIFICATION; SOCIAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 58149399851     PISSN: 00224545     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3200/SOCP.148.6.689-710     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Abrams, D., & Hogg, M. (1990). Social identity theory: Constructive and critical advances. New York: Springer.
2. Biernat, M., Vescio, T. K., & Theno, S. A. (1996). Violating American values: A "value congruence" approach to understanding outgroup attitudes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 32, 387-410.
3. Brewer, M., & Weber, J. G. (1994). Self-evaluation effects of interpersonal versus intergroup social comparison. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 268-275.
4. Burns, M. S. (2000). Heterosexuals' use of "fag" and "queer" to deride one another: A contributor to heterosexism and stigma. Journal of Homosexuality, 40, 1-11.
5. Chatman, C. M., & von Hippel, W. (2001). Attributional mediation of in-group bias. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 37, 267-272.
6. Corning, A. F. (2000). Assessing perceived social inequity: A relative deprivation framework. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 463-477 .
7. Crandall, C. S., & Eshleman, A. (2003). A justification-suppression model of the expression and experience of prejudice. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 414-446.
8. Crocker, J., Luhtanen, R., Blaine, B., & Broadnox, S. (1994) Collective self-esteem and psychological well-being among White, Black, and Asian college students. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 503-513.
9. Crosby, F. (1982). Relative deprivation and working women. New York: Oxford.
10. Crosby, F. (1984). The denial of personal discrimination. American Behavioral Scientist, 27, 371-386.
11. Crosby, F. J., Pufall, A., Snyder, R. C., O'Connell, M., & Whalen, P. (1989). The denial of personal disadvantage among you, me, and all the other ostriches. In M. Crawford & M. Gentry (Eds.), Gender and thoughts (pp. 79-99). New York: Springer-Verlag.
12. Croteau, J. M. (1996). Research on the work experiences of lesbian, gay, and bisexual people: An integrative review of methodology and findings. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 48, 195-209.
13. D'Augelli, A.R. (1992). Lesbian and gay male undergraduates' experiences of harassment and fear on campus. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 7, 383-395.
14. Davidson, M., & Friedman, R. A. (1998). When excuses don't work: The persistent injustice effect among Black managers. Administrative Science Quarterly, 43, 154-183.
15. Duckitt, J. H. (1992). Psychology and prejudice: A historical analysis and integrative framework. American Psychologist, 47, 1182-1193.
16. Dutton, D. G., & Lake, R. A. (1973). Threat of own prejudice and reverse discrimination in interracial situations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 28, 94-100.
17. Dutton, D. G., & Lennox, V. L. (1974). Effect of prior "token" compliance on subsequent interracial behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29, 65-71.
18. Gaertner, S. L., & Dovidio, J. F. (1986). The aversive form of racism. In S. L. Gaertner & J. F. Dovidio (Eds.), Prejudice, discrimination, and racism (pp. 61-89). San Diego: Academic Press.
19. Gurin, P., & Townsend, A. (1986). Properties of gender identity and their implications for gender consciousness. British Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 139-148.
20. Herek, G. M. (1987). Religion and prejudice: A comparison of racial and sexual attitudes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 13, 56-65.
21. Hogg, M. A., & Abrams, D. (1988). Social identifications: A social psychology of inter-group relations and group processes. London: Routledge.
22. Inman, M. L. (2001). Do you see what I see? Similarities and differences in victims' and observers' perceptions of discrimination. Social Cognition, 19, 521-546.
23. Leonardelli, G. J., & Brewer, M. B. (2001). Minority and majority discrimination: When and why. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 37, 468-485.
24. Lindeman, M. (1997). Ingroup bias, self-enhancement, and group identification. European Journal of Social Psychology, 27, 337-355.
25. McCoy, S. K., & Major, B. (2003). Group identification moderates emotional responses to perceived prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 1005-1017.
26. Messick, D. M., & Mackie, D. M. (1989). Intergroup relations. Annual Review of Psychology, 40, 45-81.
27. Monin, B., & Miller, D. T. (2001). Moral credentials and the expression of prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 33-43.
28. Monteith, M. J., Sherman, J. W., & Devine, P. G. (1998). Suppression as a stereotype control strategy. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2, 63-82.
29. Norman, R. P. (1969). Extreme response tendency as a function of emotional adjustment and stimulus ambiguity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33, 406-410.
30. Operario, D., & Fiske, S. T. (2001). Ethnic identity moderates perceptions of prejudice: Judgments of personal versus group discrimination and subtle versus blatant bias. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 550-561.
31. Paulhus, D. L. (1991). Measurement and control of response bias. In J. P. Robinson, P. R. Shaver, & L. S. Wrightsman (Eds.), Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes (pp. 17-59). San Diego: Academic Press.
32. Rollins, J. H. (1973). Reference identification of youth of differing ethnicity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 26, 222-231.
33. Simon, B., & Brown, R. (1987). Perceived intragroup homogeneity in minority-majority contexts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 703-711.
34. Snyder, M. L., Kleck, R. E., Strenta, A., & Mentzer, S. J. (1979). Avoidance of the handicapped: An attributional ambiguity analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 2297-2306.
35. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33-48). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
36. Taylor, D. M., & Jaggi, V. (1974). Ethnocentrism and causal attribution in a South Indian context. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 5, 162-171.