Early mortality in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: Causes and risk factors

European Respiratory Journal

Volumn 32, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 733-739

  Garcia Vidal, C ^a,c   Fernandez Sabe N ^a   Carratala J ^a   Diaz V ^a   Verdaguer, R ^b   Dorca, J ^b   Manresa, F ^b   Gudiol, F ^a  

^a HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARI DE BELLVITGE   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA   (Spain)

^c HOSPITAL CLÍNIC   (Spain)

Author keywords

Community acquired pneumonia; Early mortality; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Shock; Streptococcus pneumoniae

Indexed keywords

AMOXICILLIN PLUS CLAVULANIC ACID; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; CEFOTAXIME; CEFTRIAXONE; CIPROFLOXACIN; CLARITHROMYCIN; ERYTHROMYCIN; LEVOFLOXACIN; PENICILLIN G; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

ADULT; AGED; ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ARTICLE; BACTEREMIA; CAUSE OF DEATH; COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; CONTROLLED STUDY; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HUMAN; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENT; INFECTION RATE; LOBAR PNEUMONIA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MENTAL HEALTH; MONOTHERAPY; MORTALITY; MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE; PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESPIRATORY FAILURE; RISK FACTOR; SEPTIC SHOCK; SHOCK; SURVIVAL RATE; AGE; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; COMMUNICABLE DISEASE; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HOSPITALIZATION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SPAIN; VIRUS PNEUMONIA;

AGE FACTORS; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HOSPITAL MORTALITY; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PNEUMONIA, BACTERIAL; PNEUMONIA, VIRAL; RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY; RISK FACTORS; SHOCK, SEPTIC; SPAIN;

EID: 58149396776     PISSN: 09031936     EISSN: 13993003     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00128107     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Mandell L, Wunderink R, Anzueto A, et al. Infectious disease society of America/American Thoracic Society Consensus Guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44: Suppl. 2, S27-S72.
2. File TM. Community-acquired pneumonia. Lancet 2003; 362: 1991-2001.
3. Kyaw MH, Rose CE Jr, Fry AM, et al. The influence of chronic illnesses on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in adults. J Infect Dis 2005; 192: 377-386.
4. Fine MJ, Auble TE, Yealy DM, et al. A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 243-250.
5. Fine MJ, Smith MA, Carson CA, et al. Prognosis and outcomes of patients with community-acquired pneumonia. A meta-analysis. JAMA 1996; 275: 134-141.
6. Mortensen E, Coley C, Singer D, et al. Causes of death for patients with community-acquired pneumonia: results from the Pneumonia Patient Outcomes Research Team Cohort Study. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162: 1059-1064.
7. Marrie TJ, Wu LL. Factors influencing in-hospital mortality in community-acquired pneumonia. A prospective study of patients not initially admitted to the ICU. Chest 2005; 127: 1260-1270.
8. Marrie TJ, Durant H, Yates L. Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization: 5-years prospective study. Rev Infect Dis 1989; 11: 586-599.
9. Davis RB, Iezzoni LI, Phillips RS, Reiley P, Coffman GA, Safran C. Predicting in-hospital mortality: the importance of functional status information. Med Care 1995; 33: 906-921.
10. Mortensen EM, Restrepo MI, Anzueto A, Pugh J. Antibiotic therapy and 48-hour mortality for patients with pneumonia. Am J Med 2006; 119: 859-864.
11. Rosón B, Carratalà J, Fernández-Sabé N, Tubau F, Manresa F, Gudiol F. Causes and factors associated with early failure in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Arch Intern Med 2004; 164: 502-508.
12. Dowell SF, Peeling RW, Boman J, et al. Standardizing Chlamydia pneumoniae assay: recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA) and the laboratory centre for disease control (Canada). Clin Infect Dis 2001; 33: 492-502.
13. th Edition. Document M7-A5; supplemental tables M100-S10. Wayne, National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, 2000.
14. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Eleventh Informational Supplement. NCCLS document no. M100-S11. Wayne, National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, 2001.
15. Mandell LA, Marrie TJ, Grossman RF, Chow AW, Hyland RH. Canadian guidelines for the initial management of community-acquired pneumonia: an evidence-based update by the Canadian Infectious Diseases Society and the Canadian Thoracic Society. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 31: 383-421.
16. British Thoracic Society Standards of Care Committee. BTS Guidelines for the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults. Thorax 2001; 56: Suppl. 4, IV1-IV64.
17. Halm EA, Fine MJ, Marrie TJ, et al. Time to clinical stability in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia: implications for practice guidelines. JAMA 1998; 279: 1452-1457.
18. Rosón B, Carratalà J, Dorca J, Casanova A, Manresa F, Gudiol F. Etiology, reasons for hospitalization, risk classes and outcomes of patients with community-acquired pneumonia hospitalized on the basis of conventional admission criteria. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 33: 158-165.
19. Pallares R, Liñares J, Vadillo M, et al. Resistance to penicillin and cephalosporin and mortality from severe pneumococcal pneumonia in Barcelona, Spain. N Engl J Med. 1995; 333: 474-480.
20. Yu VL, Chiou CC, Feldman C, et al. An international prospective study of pneumococcal bacteremia: correlation with in vitro resistance, antibiotics administered, and clinical outcome. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 37: 230-237.
21. Austrian R, Gold J. Pneumococcal bacteremia with especial reference to bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Ann Intern Med 1964; 60: 759-770.
22. Confalonieri M, Urbino R, Potena A, et al. Hydrocortisone infusion for severe community-acquired pneumonia: a preliminary randomized study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171: 242-248.
23. Garcia-Vidal C, Calbo E, Pascual V, Ferrer C, Quintana S, Garau J. Effects of systemic steroids in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia. Eur Respir J 2007; 30: 951-956.
24. Fisman DN, Abrutyn E, Spaude KA, Kim A, Kirchner C, Daley J. Prior pneumococcal vaccination is associated with reduced death, complications, and length of stay among hospitalized adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42: 1093-1101.
25. Vila-Córcoles A, Ochoa-Gondar O, Llor C, Hospital I, Rodríguez T, Gómez A. Protective effect of pneumococcal vaccine against death by pneumonia in elderly subjects. Eur Respir J 2005; 26: 1086-1091.
26. Greci LS, Katz DL, Jekel J. Vaccinations in pneumonia: pneumococcal and influenza vaccination patterns among patients hospitalized for pneumonia. Prev Med 2005; 40: 384-388.
27. Musher DM, Alexandraki I, Graviss EA, et al. Bacteremic and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. A prospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2000; 79: 210-221.
28. Férnandez-Sabé N, Carratalà J, Rosón B, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia in very elderly patients, causative organisms, clinical characteristics, and outcomes. Medicine (Baltimore) 2003; 82: 159-169.