메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 291, Issue 12, 2008, Pages 1707-1722

Revisiting the Developmental Stage and Age-at-Death of the "Mrs. Ples" (Sts 5) and Sts 14 Specimens from Sterkfontein (South Africa): Do They Belong to the Same Individual?

Author keywords

Age at death; Australopithecus africanus; Development; Sterkfontein; Sts 14; Sts 5

Indexed keywords

AGING; ANIMAL; ANTHROPOMETRY; ARTICLE; BONE; BONE DEVELOPMENT; COMPARATIVE STUDY; EVOLUTION; FEMALE; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; HISTOLOGY; HOMINID; LONGEVITY; METHODOLOGY; PALEONTOLOGY; PAN TROGLODYTES; PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; SKELETON; SKULL; SOUTH AFRICA; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; SPINE;

EID: 58149383870     PISSN: 19328486     EISSN: 19328494     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ar.20795     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (13)

References (126)
  • 1
    • 76549096926 scopus 로고
    • Closure of cranial articulations in the skull of the Australian aborigine
    • Abbie AA. 1950. Closure of cranial articulations in the skull of the Australian aborigine. J Anat Lond 84: 1-12.
    • (1950) J Anat Lond , vol.84 , pp. 1-12
    • Abbie, A.A.1
  • 3
    • 0029021340 scopus 로고
    • Stages of epiphyseal union for thoracic and lumbar vertebral centra as a method of age determination for teenage and young adult skeletons
    • Albert AM, Maples WR. 1995. Stages of epiphyseal union for thoracic and lumbar vertebral centra as a method of age determination for teenage and young adult skeletons. J Forensic Sci 40: 623-633.
    • (1995) J Forensic Sci , vol.40 , pp. 623-633
    • Albert, A.M.1    Maples, W.R.2
  • 4
    • 34548208746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dental development and life history in hominid evolution
    • Minugh-Purvis N, McNamaram KJ, editors. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press
    • Anemone RL. 2002. Dental development and life history in hominid evolution. In: Minugh-Purvis N, McNamaram KJ, editors. Human evolution through developmental change. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. p 249-280.
    • (2002) Human evolution through developmental change , pp. 249-280
    • Anemone, R.L.1
  • 5
    • 0030068510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal study of dentition development in chimpanzees of known chronological age: implications for understanding the age at death of Plio-Pleistocene hominids
    • Anemone RL, Mooney MP, Siegel MI. 1996. Longitudinal study of dentition development in chimpanzees of known chronological age: implications for understanding the age at death of Plio-Pleistocene hominids. Am J Phys Anthropol 99: 119-133.
    • (1996) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.99 , pp. 119-133
    • Anemone, R.L.1    Mooney, M.P.2    Siegel, M.I.3
  • 6
    • 0346028517 scopus 로고
    • Dental development in apes and humans: a comment on Simpson, Lovejoy and Meindl
    • Anemone RL, Watts ES. 1992. Dental development in apes and humans: a comment on Simpson, Lovejoy and Meindl. J Hum Evol 22: 149-153.
    • (1992) J Hum Evol , vol.22 , pp. 149-153
    • Anemone, R.L.1    Watts, E.S.2
  • 7
    • 0025945804 scopus 로고
    • Dental development of known-age chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes (Primates, Pongidae)
    • Anemone RL, Watts ES, Swindler DR. 1991. Dental development of known-age chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes (Primates, Pongidae). Am J Phys Anthropol 86: 229-241.
    • (1991) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.86 , pp. 229-241
    • Anemone, R.L.1    Watts, E.S.2    Swindler, D.R.3
  • 8
    • 9444289490 scopus 로고
    • The premaxilla in the primates
    • Ashley-Montagu MF. 1935. The premaxilla in the primates. Q Rev Biol 10: 181-208.
    • (1935) Q Rev Biol , vol.10 , pp. 181-208
    • Ashley-Montagu, M.F.1
  • 9
    • 0040128512 scopus 로고
    • The medio-frontal suture and the problem of metopism in the primates
    • Ashley-Montagu MF. 1937. The medio-frontal suture and the problem of metopism in the primates. J R Anthrop Inst 67: 157-201.
    • (1937) J R Anthrop Inst , vol.67 , pp. 157-201
    • Ashley-Montagu, M.F.1
  • 10
    • 0036595379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paranasal sinuses in children: size evaluation of maxillary, sphenoid, and frontal sinuses by magnetic resonance imaging and proposal of volume index percentile curves
    • Barghouth J, Prior J, Lepori D, Duvoisin B, Schnyder P, Gudinchet F. 2002. Paranasal sinuses in children: size evaluation of maxillary, sphenoid, and frontal sinuses by magnetic resonance imaging and proposal of volume index percentile curves. Eur Radiol 12: 1451-1548.
    • (2002) Eur Radiol , vol.12 , pp. 1451-1548
    • Barghouth, J.1    Prior, J.2    Lepori, D.3    Duvoisin, B.4    Schnyder, P.5    Gudinchet, F.6
  • 11
    • 0031945860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterochronic processes in human evolution: an ontogenetic analysis of the hominid pelvis
    • Berge C. 1998. Heterochronic processes in human evolution: an ontogenetic analysis of the hominid pelvis. Am J Phys Anthropol 105: 441-459.
    • (1998) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.105 , pp. 441-459
    • Berge, C.1
  • 12
    • 0033178034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Le sacrum de Sterkfontein Sts 14 Q (Australopithecus africanus): nouvelles données sur la croissance et sur l'âge osseux du spécimen (hommage à R. Broom et J. T. Robinson)
    • Berge C, Gommery D. 1999. Le sacrum de Sterkfontein Sts 14 Q (Australopithecus africanus): nouvelles données sur la croissance et sur l'âge osseux du spécimen (hommage à R. Broom et J. T. Robinson). C R Acad Sci Paris, Sciences de la terre et des planètes 329: 227-232.
    • (1999) C R Acad Sci Paris, Sciences de la terre et des planètes , vol.329 , pp. 227-232
    • Berge, C.1    Gommery, D.2
  • 13
    • 84877721997 scopus 로고
    • Tooth growth and structure in living and fossils hominoids
    • Cruwys E, Foley RA, editors. Oxford: B.A.R
    • Beynon AD. 1986. Tooth growth and structure in living and fossils hominoids. In: Cruwys E, Foley RA, editors. Teeth and anthropology. Oxford: B.A.R. p 23-30.
    • (1986) Teeth and anthropology , pp. 23-30
    • Beynon, A.D.1
  • 14
    • 0024164587 scopus 로고
    • Distinct dental development patterns in early fossil hominids
    • Beynon AD, Dean MC. 1988. Distinct dental development patterns in early fossil hominids. Nature 335: 509-514.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.335 , pp. 509-514
    • Beynon, A.D.1    Dean, M.C.2
  • 15
    • 0023163586 scopus 로고
    • Patterns and rates of enamel growth in the molar teeth of early hominids
    • Beynon AD, Wood BA. 1987. Patterns and rates of enamel growth in the molar teeth of early hominids. Nature 326: 493-496.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.326 , pp. 493-496
    • Beynon, A.D.1    Wood, B.A.2
  • 18
    • 84877704499 scopus 로고
    • New evidence for the correlation of the Transvaal ape-man bearing cave deposits
    • Clark JD, editor., 1955. London: Chatto and Windus
    • Brain CK. 1957. New evidence for the correlation of the Transvaal ape-man bearing cave deposits. In: Clark JD, editor. Proceedings of the Pan-African congress on prehistory 3. Livingstone, 1955. London: Chatto and Windus. p 143-148.
    • (1957) Proceedings of the Pan-African congress on prehistory 3. Livingstone , pp. 143-148
    • Brain, C.K.1
  • 19
    • 0002840401 scopus 로고
    • The Transvaal ape-man bearing cave deposits
    • Brain CK. 1958. The Transvaal ape-man bearing cave deposits. Trans Mus Mem 11: 131.
    • (1958) Trans Mus Mem , vol.11 , pp. 131
    • Brain, C.K.1
  • 20
    • 0008362392 scopus 로고
    • Taung facial remodeling: a growth and development study
    • Tobias PV, editor. New York: Alan R. Liss
    • Bromage TG. 1985. Taung facial remodeling: a growth and development study. In: Tobias PV, editor. Hominid evolution: past, present, and future. New York: Alan R. Liss. p 239-245.
    • (1985) Hominid evolution: past, present, and future , pp. 239-245
    • Bromage, T.G.1
  • 21
    • 84877690373 scopus 로고
    • A comparative scanning electron microscope study of facial growth and remodeling in early hominids. Ph.D. Thesis. Toronto: University of Toronto.
    • Bromage TG. 1986. A comparative scanning electron microscope study of facial growth and remodeling in early hominids. Ph.D. Thesis. Toronto: University of Toronto.
    • (1986)
    • Bromage, T.G.1
  • 22
    • 0023547070 scopus 로고
    • The biological and chronological maturation of early hominids
    • Bromage TG. 1987. The biological and chronological maturation of early hominids. J Hum Evol 16: 257-272.
    • (1987) J Hum Evol , vol.16 , pp. 257-272
    • Bromage, T.G.1
  • 23
    • 0022225594 scopus 로고
    • Re-evaluation of the age at death of immature fossil hominids
    • Bromage TG, Dean MC. 1985. Re-evaluation of the age at death of immature fossil hominids. Nature 317: 525-527.
    • (1985) Nature , vol.317 , pp. 525-527
    • Bromage, T.G.1    Dean, M.C.2
  • 24
    • 0002031641 scopus 로고
    • Further evidence of the structure of the Sterkfontein ape-Man. Plesianthropus
    • Broom R, Robinson JT, Schepers GWH. 1950. Further evidence of the structure of the Sterkfontein ape-Man. Plesianthropus. Trans Mus Mem 4: 117.
    • (1950) Trans Mus Mem , vol.4 , pp. 117
    • Broom, R.1    Robinson, J.T.2    Schepers, G.W.H.3
  • 25
    • 4243695124 scopus 로고
    • The cranial suture closure in monkeys
    • Chopra SRK. 1957. The cranial suture closure in monkeys. Proc Zool Soc Lond 128: 67-112.
    • (1957) Proc Zool Soc Lond , vol.128 , pp. 67-112
    • Chopra, S.R.K.1
  • 26
    • 0002701086 scopus 로고
    • Early Acheulean with Homo habilis at Sterkfontein
    • Tobias PV, editor. New York: Alan R. Liss
    • Clarke RJ. 1985. Early Acheulean with Homo habilis at Sterkfontein. In: Tobias PV, editor. Hominid evolution: past, present, and future. New York: Alan R. Liss. p 287-298.
    • (1985) Hominid evolution: past, present, and future , pp. 287-298
    • Clarke, R.J.1
  • 27
    • 0028552276 scopus 로고
    • On some new interpretations of Sterkfontein stratigraphy
    • Clarke RJ. 1994. On some new interpretations of Sterkfontein stratigraphy. S Afr J Sci 90: 211-214.
    • (1994) S Afr J Sci , vol.90 , pp. 211-214
    • Clarke, R.J.1
  • 28
    • 0036764233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the unrealistic "revised age estimates" for Sterkfontein
    • Clarke RJ. 2002. On the unrealistic "revised age estimates" for Sterkfontein. S Afr J Sci 98: 415-418.
    • (2002) S Afr J Sci , vol.98 , pp. 415-418
    • Clarke, R.J.1
  • 29
    • 0023496727 scopus 로고
    • Dental development of the Taung skull from computerized tomography
    • Conroy GC, Vannier MW. 1987. Dental development of the Taung skull from computerized tomography. Nature 329: 625-627.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.329 , pp. 625-627
    • Conroy, G.C.1    Vannier, M.W.2
  • 30
    • 0024300193 scopus 로고
    • The nature of Taung dental maturation continued
    • Conroy GC, Vannier MW. 1988. The nature of Taung dental maturation continued. Nature 333: 808.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.333 , pp. 808
    • Conroy, G.C.1    Vannier, M.W.2
  • 31
    • 0026077741 scopus 로고
    • Dental development in South African australopithecines. I. Problems of pattern and chronology
    • Conroy GC, Vannier MW. 1991. Dental development in South African australopithecines. I. Problems of pattern and chronology. Am J Phys Anthropol 86: 121-136.
    • (1991) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.86 , pp. 121-136
    • Conroy, G.C.1    Vannier, M.W.2
  • 32
    • 35348924990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infracranial maturation in the skeletal collection from Coimbra, Portugal: new aging standards for epiphyseal union
    • Coqueugniot H, Weaver TD. 2007. Infracranial maturation in the skeletal collection from Coimbra, Portugal: new aging standards for epiphyseal union. Am J Phys Anthropol 134: 424-437.
    • (2007) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.134 , pp. 424-437
    • Coqueugniot, H.1    Weaver, T.D.2
  • 33
    • 0000630824 scopus 로고
    • Apparition et soudure des points d'ossification des membres chez les mammiféres
    • Curgy JJ. 1965. Apparition et soudure des points d'ossification des membres chez les mammiféres. Mem Mus Nat Hist Nat Série A, Zoologie 32: 12-307.
    • (1965) Mem Mus Nat Hist Nat Série A, Zoologie , vol.32 , pp. 12-307
    • Curgy, J.J.1
  • 34
    • 0023583101 scopus 로고
    • The dental developmental status of six East African juvenile fossil hominids
    • Dean MC. 1987a. The dental developmental status of six East African juvenile fossil hominids. J Hum Evol 16: 197-213.
    • (1987) J Hum Evol , vol.16 , pp. 197-213
    • Dean, M.C.1
  • 35
    • 0000253515 scopus 로고
    • Growth layers and incremental markings in hard tissues; a review of the literature and some preliminary observations about enamel structure in Paranthropus boisei
    • Dean MC. 1987b. Growth layers and incremental markings in hard tissues; a review of the literature and some preliminary observations about enamel structure in Paranthropus boisei. J Hum Evol 16: 157-172.
    • (1987) J Hum Evol , vol.16 , pp. 157-172
    • Dean, M.C.1
  • 36
    • 85067513248 scopus 로고
    • Growth processes in the cranial base of hominoids and their bearing on morphological similarities that exist in the cranial base of Homo and Paranthropus
    • Grine FE, editor. New York: Aldine de Gruyter
    • Dean MC. 1988. Growth processes in the cranial base of hominoids and their bearing on morphological similarities that exist in the cranial base of Homo and Paranthropus. In: Grine FE, editor. Evolutionary history of the "robust" australopithecines. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. p 107-112.
    • (1988) Evolutionary history of the "robust" australopithecines , pp. 107-112
    • Dean, M.C.1
  • 37
    • 0033855037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progress in understanding hominoid dental development
    • Dean MC. 2000. Progress in understanding hominoid dental development. J Anat 197: 77-101.
    • (2000) J Anat , vol.197 , pp. 77-101
    • Dean, M.C.1
  • 38
    • 0035818987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth processes in teeth distinguish modern humans from Homo erectus and earlier hominins
    • Dean MC, Leakey MG, Reid D, Schrenk F, Schwartz GT, Stringer C, Walker A. 2001. Growth processes in teeth distinguish modern humans from Homo erectus and earlier hominins. Nature 414: 628-631.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.414 , pp. 628-631
    • Dean, M.C.1    Leakey, M.G.2    Reid, D.3    Schrenk, F.4    Schwartz, G.T.5    Stringer, C.6    Walker, A.7
  • 40
    • 12944327549 scopus 로고
    • Some notes on the epiphyses of ribs
    • Fawcett E. 1911. Some notes on the epiphyses of ribs. J Anat Physiol 45: 172-178.
    • (1911) J Anat Physiol , vol.45 , pp. 172-178
    • Fawcett, E.1
  • 41
    • 0013514536 scopus 로고
    • A study of ossification as observed in Indian subjects
    • Galstaun G. 1937. A study of ossification as observed in Indian subjects. Indian J Med Res 25: 267-324.
    • (1937) Indian J Med Res , vol.25 , pp. 267-324
    • Galstaun, G.1
  • 42
    • 33748456274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sts 14, a male subadult partial skeleton of Australopithecus africanus?
    • Gommery D, Thackeray JF. 2006. Sts 14, a male subadult partial skeleton of Australopithecus africanus? S Afr J Sci 102: 91-92.
    • (2006) S Afr J Sci , vol.102 , pp. 91-92
    • Gommery, D.1    Thackeray, J.F.2
  • 43
    • 0025752905 scopus 로고
    • Maxillary suture obliteration: a test of the Mann method
    • Gruspier KL, Mullen GJ. 1991. Maxillary suture obliteration: a test of the Mann method. J Forensic Sci 36: 512-519.
    • (1991) J Forensic Sci , vol.36 , pp. 512-519
    • Gruspier, K.L.1    Mullen, G.J.2
  • 44
    • 0034743704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stw 441/465: a new fragmentary ilium of a small-bodied Australopithecus africanus from Sterkfontein, South Africa
    • Häusler M, Berger L. 2001. Stw 441/465: a new fragmentary ilium of a small-bodied Australopithecus africanus from Sterkfontein, South Africa. J Hum Evol 40: 411-417.
    • (2001) J Hum Evol , vol.40 , pp. 411-417
    • Häusler, M.1    Berger, L.2
  • 46
    • 0012179033 scopus 로고
    • Review of man-apes or ape-men? by W.E. Le Gros Clark
    • Howell FC. 1967. Review of man-apes or ape-men? by W.E. Le Gros Clark. Am J Phys Anthropol 27: 95-101.
    • (1967) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.27 , pp. 95-101
    • Howell, F.C.1
  • 47
    • 0007176887 scopus 로고
    • Philadelphia: Wistar Institute.
    • Hrdlicka A. 1920. Anthropometry. Philadelphia: Wistar Institute.
    • (1920) Anthropometry
    • Hrdlicka, A.1
  • 48
    • 0009569310 scopus 로고
    • A radiological study of the time of fusion of certain epiphyses in Punjabees
    • Jit I, Singh B. 1971. A radiological study of the time of fusion of certain epiphyses in Punjabees. J Anat Soc India 20: 1-27.
    • (1971) J Anat Soc India , vol.20 , pp. 1-27
    • Jit, I.1    Singh, B.2
  • 49
    • 0346215086 scopus 로고
    • Sequence of epiphyseal union in a prehistoric Kentucky population from Indian Knoll
    • Johnston FE. 1961. Sequence of epiphyseal union in a prehistoric Kentucky population from Indian Knoll. Hum Biol 33: 66-81.
    • (1961) Hum Biol , vol.33 , pp. 66-81
    • Johnston, F.E.1
  • 50
    • 85067424292 scopus 로고
    • New estimates of body size in australopithecines
    • Grine FE, editor. New York: Aldine de Gruyter
    • Jungers WL. 1988. New estimates of body size in australopithecines. In: Grine FE, editor. Evolutionary history of the "robust" australopithecines. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. p 115-126.
    • (1988) Evolutionary history of the "robust" australopithecines , pp. 115-126
    • Jungers, W.L.1
  • 51
    • 0141715950 scopus 로고
    • Skeletal age changes in the chimpanzee
    • Kerley ER. 1966. Skeletal age changes in the chimpanzee. Tulane Stud Zool 13: 71-80.
    • (1966) Tulane Stud Zool , vol.13 , pp. 71-80
    • Kerley, E.R.1
  • 52
    • 84981677096 scopus 로고
    • Cranial suture closure and its implications for age estimation
    • Key CA, Aiello LC, Molleson T. 1994. Cranial suture closure and its implications for age estimation. Int J Osteoarchaeol 4: 193-207.
    • (1994) Int J Osteoarchaeol , vol.4 , pp. 193-207
    • Key, C.A.1    Aiello, L.C.2    Molleson, T.3
  • 53
    • 84944482914 scopus 로고
    • Studies in growth changes in the skull and face of anthropoids
    • Krogman WM. 1930. Studies in growth changes in the skull and face of anthropoids. Am J Anat 46: 315-353.
    • (1930) Am J Anat , vol.46 , pp. 315-353
    • Krogman, W.M.1
  • 54
    • 78649442380 scopus 로고
    • A guide to the identification of human skeletal material
    • Krogman WM. 1939. A guide to the identification of human skeletal material. FBI Law Enforc Bull 8: 3-31.
    • (1939) FBI Law Enforc Bull , vol.8 , pp. 3-31
    • Krogman, W.M.1
  • 56
    • 0034037061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stratigraphy, artefact industries and hominid associations for Sterkfontein Member 5
    • Kuman K, Clarke RJ. 2000. Stratigraphy, artefact industries and hominid associations for Sterkfontein Member 5. J Hum Evol 38: 827-847.
    • (2000) J Hum Evol , vol.38 , pp. 827-847
    • Kuman, K.1    Clarke, R.J.2
  • 57
    • 0032742426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First rib metamorphosis: its possible utility for human age-at-death estimation
    • Kunos CA, Simpson SW, Russell KF, Hershkovitz I. 1999. First rib metamorphosis: its possible utility for human age-at-death estimation. Am J Phys Anthropol 110: 303-323.
    • (1999) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.110 , pp. 303-323
    • Kunos, C.A.1    Simpson, S.W.2    Russell, K.F.3    Hershkovitz, I.4
  • 58
    • 0030071755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dental development in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): the timing of tooth calcification stages
    • Kuykendall KL. 1996. Dental development in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): the timing of tooth calcification stages. Am J Phys Anthropol 99: 159-174.
    • (1996) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.99 , pp. 159-174
    • Kuykendall, K.L.1
  • 59
    • 47749114365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An assessment of radiographic and histological standards of dental development in chimpanzees
    • Minugh-Purvis N, McNamaram KJ, editors. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press
    • Kuykendall KL. 2002. An assessment of radiographic and histological standards of dental development in chimpanzees. In: Minugh-Purvis N, McNamaram KJ, editors. Human evolution through developmental change. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. p 281-304.
    • (2002) Human evolution through developmental change , pp. 281-304
    • Kuykendall, K.L.1
  • 60
    • 0027399065 scopus 로고
    • Further observations on a method for estimating hominoid dental developmental patterns
    • Lampl M, Monge JM, Mann AE. 1993. Further observations on a method for estimating hominoid dental developmental patterns. Am J Phys Anthropol 90: 113-117.
    • (1993) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.90 , pp. 113-117
    • Lampl, M.1    Monge, J.M.2    Mann, A.E.3
  • 61
    • 24644520084 scopus 로고
    • Determination of bone age in children
    • Lurie LA, Levy S, Lurie ML. 1943. Determination of bone age in children. J Pediatr 23: 131-140.
    • (1943) J Pediatr , vol.23 , pp. 131-140
    • Lurie, L.A.1    Levy, S.2    Lurie, M.L.3
  • 62
    • 84981573620 scopus 로고
    • Fusion status of the jugular growth plate: an aid for age at death determination
    • Maat GJR, Mastwijk RW. 1995. Fusion status of the jugular growth plate: an aid for age at death determination. Int J Osteoarchaeol 5: 163-167.
    • (1995) Int J Osteoarchaeol , vol.5 , pp. 163-167
    • Maat, G.J.R.1    Mastwijk, R.W.2
  • 63
    • 0029095795 scopus 로고
    • Suture closure in the human chondrocranium: CT assesment
    • Madeline LA, Elster AD. 1995. Suture closure in the human chondrocranium: CT assesment. Radiology 196: 747-756.
    • (1995) Radiology , vol.196 , pp. 747-756
    • Madeline, L.A.1    Elster, A.D.2
  • 65
    • 0024284959 scopus 로고
    • The nature of Taung dental maturation
    • Mann AE. 1988. The nature of Taung dental maturation. Nature 333: 123.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.333 , pp. 123
    • Mann, A.E.1
  • 66
    • 0023660864 scopus 로고
    • Maturational patterns in early hominids
    • Mann AE, Lampl M, Monge J. 1987. Maturational patterns in early hominids. Nature 328: 673-674.
    • (1987) Nature , vol.328 , pp. 673-674
    • Mann, A.E.1    Lampl, M.2    Monge, J.3
  • 67
    • 0025687984 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of ontogeny in human evolution: evidence from dental development
    • Mann AE, Lampl M, Monge J. 1990. Patterns of ontogeny in human evolution: evidence from dental development. Yearb Phys Anthrop 33: 111-150.
    • (1990) Yearb Phys Anthrop , vol.33 , pp. 111-150
    • Mann, A.E.1    Lampl, M.2    Monge, J.3
  • 68
    • 0026335757 scopus 로고
    • Maxillary suture obliteration: a visual method for estimating skeletal age
    • Mann RW, Jantz RL, Bass WM, Willey PS. 1991. Maxillary suture obliteration: a visual method for estimating skeletal age. J Forensic Sci 36: 781-791.
    • (1991) J Forensic Sci , vol.36 , pp. 781-791
    • Mann, R.W.1    Jantz, R.L.2    Bass, W.M.3    Willey, P.S.4
  • 69
    • 0017155611 scopus 로고
    • Early hominid body weight and encephalization
    • McHenry HM. 1976. Early hominid body weight and encephalization. Am J Phys Anthropol 45: 77-84.
    • (1976) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.45 , pp. 77-84
    • McHenry, H.M.1
  • 70
    • 0000452365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Australopithecus to Homo: transformations in body and mind
    • McHenry HM, Coffing K. 2000. Australopithecus to Homo: transformations in body and mind. A Rev Anthrop 29: 125-146.
    • (2000) A Rev Anthrop , vol.29 , pp. 125-146
    • McHenry, H.M.1    Coffing, K.2
  • 71
    • 84877718327 scopus 로고
    • Skeletal age changes in young American males, analysed from the standpoint of age identification. Natick, MA: U.S. Army, Quartermasters Research and Development Command, Technical Report No. EP-45.
    • Mckern TW, Stewart TD. 1957. Skeletal age changes in young American males, analysed from the standpoint of age identification. Natick, MA: U.S. Army, Quartermasters Research and Development Command, Technical Report No. EP-45.
    • (1957)
    • Mckern, T.W.1    Stewart, T.D.2
  • 72
    • 0021876451 scopus 로고
    • Ectocranial suture closure: a revised method for the determination of skeletal age at death based on the lateral-anterior sutures
    • Meindl RS, Lovejoy CO. 1985. Ectocranial suture closure: a revised method for the determination of skeletal age at death based on the lateral-anterior sutures. Am J Phys Anthropol 69: 57-66.
    • (1985) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.69 , pp. 57-66
    • Meindl, R.S.1    Lovejoy, C.O.2
  • 73
    • 0021840226 scopus 로고
    • A revised method of age determination using the os pubis, with a review and tests of accuracy of other current methods of pubis symphyseal aging
    • Meindl RS, Lovejoy CO, Mensforth RP, Walker RA. 1985. A revised method of age determination using the os pubis, with a review and tests of accuracy of other current methods of pubis symphyseal aging. Am J Phys Anthropol 68: 29-45.
    • (1985) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.68 , pp. 29-45
    • Meindl, R.S.1    Lovejoy, C.O.2    Mensforth, R.P.3    Walker, R.A.4
  • 74
    • 0014486594 scopus 로고
    • Time and mode of closure of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis determined on dried skulls
    • Melsen B. 1969. Time and mode of closure of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis determined on dried skulls. Acta Odontol Scand 27: 73-90.
    • (1969) Acta Odontol Scand , vol.27 , pp. 73-90
    • Melsen, B.1
  • 75
    • 0000187081 scopus 로고
    • Re-appraisal of lithostratigraphy of Sterkfontein hominid site
    • Partridge TC. 1978. Re-appraisal of lithostratigraphy of Sterkfontein hominid site. Nature 275: 282-287.
    • (1978) Nature , vol.275 , pp. 282-287
    • Partridge, T.C.1
  • 76
    • 85008783296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dating of the Sterkfontein hominids: progress and possibilities
    • Partridge TC. 2005. Dating of the Sterkfontein hominids: progress and possibilities. Trans R Soc S Afr 60: 107-110.
    • (2005) Trans R Soc S Afr , vol.60 , pp. 107-110
    • Partridge, T.C.1
  • 78
    • 0033165585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The new hominid skeleton from Sterkfontein, South Africa: age and preliminary assessment
    • Partridge TC, Shaw J, Heslop D, Clarke RJ. 1999. The new hominid skeleton from Sterkfontein, South Africa: age and preliminary assessment. J Quaternary Sci 14: 192-198.
    • (1999) J Quaternary Sci , vol.14 , pp. 192-198
    • Partridge, T.C.1    Shaw, J.2    Heslop, D.3    Clarke, R.J.4
  • 79
    • 0002227606 scopus 로고
    • The stratigraphy of the Sterkfontein hominid deposit and its relationship to the underground cave system
    • Partridge TC, Watts IB. 1991. The stratigraphy of the Sterkfontein hominid deposit and its relationship to the underground cave system. Palaeont Afr 28: 35-40.
    • (1991) Palaeont Afr , vol.28 , pp. 35-40
    • Partridge, T.C.1    Watts, I.B.2
  • 80
    • 4143119954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of carnivores in the accumulation of the Sterkfontein Member 4 hominid assemblage: a taphonomic reassessment of the complete hominid fossil sample (1936-1999)
    • Pickering TR, Clarke RJ, Moggi-Cecchi J. 2004. Role of carnivores in the accumulation of the Sterkfontein Member 4 hominid assemblage: a taphonomic reassessment of the complete hominid fossil sample (1936-1999). Am J Phys Anthropol 125: 1-15.
    • (2004) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.125 , pp. 1-15
    • Pickering, T.R.1    Clarke, R.J.2    Moggi-Cecchi, J.3
  • 81
    • 0008782096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Position des lignes temporales sur le cranium de ≪Mrs≫ Ples (A. africanus): une attribution sexuelle est-elle possible?
    • Prat S, Thackeray JF. 2001. Position des lignes temporales sur le cranium de ≪Mrs≫ Ples (A. africanus): une attribution sexuelle est-elle possible? C R Acad Sci Paris, Sciences de la terre et des planètes 332: 403-409.
    • (2001) C R Acad Sci Paris, Sciences de la terre et des planètes , vol.332 , pp. 403-409
    • Prat, S.1    Thackeray, J.F.2
  • 82
    • 0002381465 scopus 로고
    • Sterkfontein stratigraphy and the significance of the Extension Site
    • Robinson JT. 1962. Sterkfontein stratigraphy and the significance of the Extension Site. S Afr Archaeol Bull 17: 87-107.
    • (1962) S Afr Archaeol Bull , vol.17 , pp. 87-107
    • Robinson, J.T.1
  • 84
    • 0002381465 scopus 로고
    • Australopithecines and artefacts at Sterkfontein
    • Robinson JT, Manson RJ. 1962. Australopithecines and artefacts at Sterkfontein. S Afr Archaeol Bull 17: 97-115.
    • (1962) S Afr Archaeol Bull , vol.17 , pp. 97-115
    • Robinson, J.T.1    Manson, R.J.2
  • 85
    • 84877702774 scopus 로고
    • The adolescent sacro-iliac joint syndrome
    • Rogers MH, Cleaves EN. 1935. The adolescent sacro-iliac joint syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg Am 17: 759-768.
    • (1935) J Bone Joint Surg Am , vol.17 , pp. 759-768
    • Rogers, M.H.1    Cleaves, E.N.2
  • 86
    • 0030619670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body mass and encephalization in Pleistocene Homo
    • Ruff CB, Trinkaus E, Holliday TW. 1997. Body mass and encephalization in Pleistocene Homo. Nature 387: 173-176.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.387 , pp. 173-176
    • Ruff, C.B.1    Trinkaus, E.2    Holliday, T.W.3
  • 87
    • 0032583273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time of fusion of the basisphenoid with the basilar part of the occipital bone in Northwest Indian subjects
    • Sahni D, Neelam IJ, Suri S. 1998. Time of fusion of the basisphenoid with the basilar part of the occipital bone in Northwest Indian subjects. Forensic Sci Int 98: 41-45.
    • (1998) Forensic Sci Int , vol.98 , pp. 41-45
    • Sahni, D.1    Neelam, I.J.2    Suri, S.3
  • 89
    • 0002842532 scopus 로고
    • Growth and development of the chimpanzee
    • Schultz AH. 1940. Growth and development of the chimpanzee. Contrib Embryol 170: 1-63.
    • (1940) Contrib Embryol , vol.170 , pp. 1-63
    • Schultz, A.H.1
  • 90
    • 84979143742 scopus 로고
    • Morphologicals observations on a gorilla and an orang utan of closely known age
    • Schultz AH. 1942. Morphologicals observations on a gorilla and an orang utan of closely known age. Am J Phys Anthropol 29: 1-21.
    • (1942) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.29 , pp. 1-21
    • Schultz, A.H.1
  • 92
    • 0027319359 scopus 로고
    • Pneumatization of the paranasal sinuses: normal features of importance to the accurate interpretation of CT scans and MR images
    • Scuderi AJ, Hamsberger HR, Boyer RS. 1993. Pneumatization of the paranasal sinuses: normal features of importance to the accurate interpretation of CT scans and MR images. Am J Roentgenol 160: 1101-1204.
    • (1993) Am J Roentgenol , vol.160 , pp. 1101-1204
    • Scuderi, A.J.1    Hamsberger, H.R.2    Boyer, R.S.3
  • 93
    • 0005636665 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of age from cranial suture closure
    • Singer R. 1953. Estimation of age from cranial suture closure. J Forensic Med 1: 52-59.
    • (1953) J Forensic Med , vol.1 , pp. 52-59
    • Singer, R.1
  • 94
    • 0022554924 scopus 로고
    • Dental development in Australopithecus and early Homo
    • Smith BH. 1986. Dental development in Australopithecus and early Homo. Nature 323: 327-330.
    • (1986) Nature , vol.323 , pp. 327-330
    • Smith, B.H.1
  • 95
    • 0037640141 scopus 로고
    • Dental development in fossil hominids
    • Smith BH. 1987. Dental development in fossil hominids. Am J Phys Anthropol 72: 255.
    • (1987) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.72 , pp. 255
    • Smith, B.H.1
  • 96
    • 0000285913 scopus 로고
    • Standards of human tooth formation and dental age assessment
    • Kelley MA, Larsen CS, editors. New York: Wiley-Liss
    • Smith BH. 1991. Standards of human tooth formation and dental age assessment. In: Kelley MA, Larsen CS, editors. Advances in dental anthropology. New York: Wiley-Liss. p 143-168.
    • (1991) Advances in dental anthropology , pp. 143-168
    • Smith, B.H.1
  • 97
    • 26444452123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The paleontology of growth and development
    • Smith BH. 2004. The paleontology of growth and development. Evol Anthrop 13: 239-241.
    • (2004) Evol Anthrop , vol.13 , pp. 239-241
    • Smith, B.H.1
  • 98
    • 0029666069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of the spheno-ethmoid paranasal sinus system using axial computerized tomography imaging
    • Spaeth J, Krugelstein U. 1996. Development of the spheno-ethmoid paranasal sinus system using axial computerized tomography imaging. Laryngorhinootologie 75: 344-350.
    • (1996) Laryngorhinootologie , vol.75 , pp. 344-350
    • Spaeth, J.1    Krugelstein, U.2
  • 99
    • 0007990956 scopus 로고
    • Age order of epiphyseal union in man
    • Stevenson PH. 1924. Age order of epiphyseal union in man. Am J Phys Anthropol 17: 53-93.
    • (1924) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.17 , pp. 53-93
    • Stevenson, P.H.1
  • 100
    • 7744229421 scopus 로고
    • Sequence of epiphyseal union, third molar eruption and suture closure in Eskimos and American Indians
    • Stewart TD. 1934. Sequence of epiphyseal union, third molar eruption and suture closure in Eskimos and American Indians. Am J Phys Anthropol 19: 433-452.
    • (1934) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.19 , pp. 433-452
    • Stewart, T.D.1
  • 101
    • 0018710486 scopus 로고
    • Results of recent archaeological and palaeoenvironmental studies at the Sterkfontein Extension Site
    • Stiles D, Partridge TC. 1979. Results of recent archaeological and palaeoenvironmental studies at the Sterkfontein Extension Site. S Afr J Sci 75: 346-352.
    • (1979) S Afr J Sci , vol.75 , pp. 346-352
    • Stiles, D.1    Partridge, T.C.2
  • 103
    • 84877694396 scopus 로고
    • Developmental age and the concept of physiological maturity
    • 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications
    • Tanner JM. 1962. Developmental age and the concept of physiological maturity. In: Growth at adolescence. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. p 55-93.
    • (1962) Growth at adolescence , pp. 55-93
    • Tanner, J.M.1
  • 104
    • 0030761663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cranial bone of 'Mrs Ples' (Sts 5): fragments adhering to matrix
    • Thackeray JF. 1997. Cranial bone of 'Mrs Ples' (Sts 5): fragments adhering to matrix. S Afr J Sci 93: 169-170.
    • (1997) S Afr J Sci , vol.93 , pp. 169-170
    • Thackeray, J.F.1
  • 106
    • 0036348340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Australopithecines postcrania (Sts 14) from the Sterkfontein caves, South Africa: the skeleton of 'Mrs Ples'?
    • Thackeray JF, Gommery D, Braga J. 2002b. Australopithecines postcrania (Sts 14) from the Sterkfontein caves, South Africa: the skeleton of 'Mrs Ples'? S Afr J Sci 98: 211-212.
    • (2002) S Afr J Sci , vol.98 , pp. 211-212
    • Thackeray, J.F.1    Gommery, D.2    Braga, J.3
  • 107
    • 0343954942 scopus 로고
    • The Sildeberg Grotto, Sterkfontein, Transvaal, and its importance in palaeonanthropological researches
    • Tobias PV. 1979. The Sildeberg Grotto, Sterkfontein, Transvaal, and its importance in palaeonanthropological researches. S Afr J Sci 75: 161-164.
    • (1979) S Afr J Sci , vol.75 , pp. 161-164
    • Tobias, P.V.1
  • 108
    • 0012136633 scopus 로고
    • The new Witswaterand University excavation at Sterkfontein
    • Tobias PV, Hughes AR. 1969. The new Witswaterand University excavation at Sterkfontein. S Afr Archaeol Bull 24: 158-169.
    • (1969) S Afr Archaeol Bull , vol.24 , pp. 158-169
    • Tobias, P.V.1    Hughes, A.R.2
  • 109
    • 84944485678 scopus 로고
    • Age changes in the pubic bone. I. The white male pubis
    • Todd TW. 1920. Age changes in the pubic bone. I. The white male pubis. Am J Phys Anthropol 3: 347-470.
    • (1920) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.3 , pp. 347-470
    • Todd, T.W.1
  • 110
    • 84944486875 scopus 로고
    • Age changes in the pubic bone. II. The pubis of the male negro-white hybrid
    • Todd TW. 1921a. Age changes in the pubic bone. II. The pubis of the male negro-white hybrid. Am J Phys Anthropol 4: 1-25.
    • (1921) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.4 , pp. 1-25
    • Todd, T.W.1
  • 111
    • 0005217834 scopus 로고
    • Age changes in the pubic bone. III. The pubis of the white female
    • Todd TW. 1921b. Age changes in the pubic bone. III. The pubis of the white female. Am J Phys Anthropol 4: 26-39.
    • (1921) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.4 , pp. 26-39
    • Todd, T.W.1
  • 112
    • 84877693402 scopus 로고
    • Age changes in the pubic bone. IV. The pubis of the female negro-white hybrid
    • Todd TW. 1921c. Age changes in the pubic bone. IV. The pubis of the female negro-white hybrid. Am J Phys Anthropol 4: 40-57.
    • (1921) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.4 , pp. 40-57
    • Todd, T.W.1
  • 113
    • 0000750274 scopus 로고
    • Endocranial suture closure. Its progress and age relationship. I. Adult males of white stock
    • Todd TW, Lyon DW, Jr. 1924. Endocranial suture closure. Its progress and age relationship. I. Adult males of white stock. Am J Phys Anthropol 7: 325-384.
    • (1924) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.7 , pp. 325-384
    • Todd, T.W.1    Lyon Jr., D.W.2
  • 114
    • 84944484510 scopus 로고
    • Cranial suture closure. Its progress and age relationship. II. Ectocranial closure in adult males of white stock
    • Todd TW, Lyon DW, Jr. 1925a. Cranial suture closure. Its progress and age relationship. II. Ectocranial closure in adult males of white stock. Am J Phys Anthropol 8: 23-46.
    • (1925) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.8 , pp. 23-46
    • Todd, T.W.1    Lyon Jr., D.W.2
  • 115
    • 84944484323 scopus 로고
    • Cranial suture closure. Its progress and age relationship. III. Endocranial closure in adult males of negro stock
    • Todd TW, Lyon DW, Jr. 1925b. Cranial suture closure. Its progress and age relationship. III. Endocranial closure in adult males of negro stock. Am J Phys Anthropol 8: 47-71.
    • (1925) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.8 , pp. 47-71
    • Todd, T.W.1    Lyon Jr., D.W.2
  • 116
    • 0008717926 scopus 로고
    • Cranial suture closure. Its progress and age relationship. IV. Ectocranial closure in adult males of negro stock
    • Todd TW, Lyon DW, Jr. 1925c. Cranial suture closure. Its progress and age relationship. IV. Ectocranial closure in adult males of negro stock. Am J Phys Anthropol 8: 149-168.
    • (1925) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.8 , pp. 149-168
    • Todd, T.W.1    Lyon Jr., D.W.2
  • 117
    • 3142546215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recherches sur la collection d'enfants et d'adolescents d'âge et de sexe connus de Bologne (Italie): diagnose de l'âge sur la base de degré de maturation osseuse
    • Veschi S, Facchini F. 2002. Recherches sur la collection d'enfants et d'adolescents d'âge et de sexe connus de Bologne (Italie): diagnose de l'âge sur la base de degré de maturation osseuse. Bull Mém Soc Anthrop Paris 14: 263-294.
    • (2002) Bull Mém Soc Anthrop Paris , vol.14 , pp. 263-294
    • Veschi, S.1    Facchini, F.2
  • 118
    • 0022388198 scopus 로고
    • Epiphyseal union of the anterior iliac crest and medial clavicle in a modern sample of American males and females
    • Webb PAO, Suchey JM. 1985. Epiphyseal union of the anterior iliac crest and medial clavicle in a modern sample of American males and females. Am J Phys Anthropol 68: 457-466.
    • (1985) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.68 , pp. 457-466
    • Webb, P.A.O.1    Suchey, J.M.2
  • 121
    • 0037656866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of the paranasal sinuses in humans
    • Koppe T, Nagai H, Alt KW, editors. Munich: Quintessence
    • Weiglein AH. 1999. Development of the paranasal sinuses in humans. In: Koppe T, Nagai H, Alt KW, editors. The paranasal sinuses of higher primates. Munich: Quintessence. p 35-50.
    • (1999) The paranasal sinuses of higher primates , pp. 35-50
    • Weiglein, A.H.1
  • 122
    • 84877698842 scopus 로고
    • Sterkfontein cave system: evolution of a karst form. Ph.D. Thesis. Johannesburg: University of Witwatersrand.
    • Wilkinson MJ. 1973. Sterkfontein cave system: evolution of a karst form. Ph.D. Thesis. Johannesburg: University of Witwatersrand.
    • (1973)
    • Wilkinson, M.J.1
  • 123
    • 0021056933 scopus 로고
    • Geomorphic perspectives on the Sterkfontein australopithecine breccias
    • Wilkinson MJ. 1983. Geomorphic perspectives on the Sterkfontein australopithecine breccias. J Archaeol Sci 10: 515-529.
    • (1983) J Archaeol Sci , vol.10 , pp. 515-529
    • Wilkinson, M.J.1
  • 125
    • 0033997073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related expansion and reduction in aeration of the sphenoid sinus: volume assessment by helical CT scanning
    • Yonetsu K, Watanabe M, Nakamura T. 2000. Age-related expansion and reduction in aeration of the sphenoid sinus: volume assessment by helical CT scanning. Am J Neuroradiol 21: 179-182.
    • (2000) Am J Neuroradiol , vol.21 , pp. 179-182
    • Yonetsu, K.1    Watanabe, M.2    Nakamura, T.3
  • 126
    • 34548120155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skeletal and dental growth and development in chimpanzees of the Taï National Park, Côte D'Ivoire
    • Zihlman AL, Bolter DR, Boesch C. 2007. Skeletal and dental growth and development in chimpanzees of the Taï National Park, Côte D'Ivoire. J Zool 273: 63-73.
    • (2007) J Zool , vol.273 , pp. 63-73
    • Zihlman, A.L.1    Bolter, D.R.2    Boesch, C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.