Medical management of toxicological mass casualty events

Israel Medical Association Journal

Volumn 10, Issue 11, 2008, Pages 761-766

  Markel, Gal ^a,b   Krivoy, Amir ^a   Rotman, Eran ^a   Schein, Ophir ^a   Shrot, Shai ^a   Brosh Nissimov, Tal ^a   Dushnitsky, Tsvika ^a   Eisenkraft, Arik ^a,c,d  

^a MEDICAL CORPS   (Israel)

^b Sheba Cancer Research Center   (Israel)

^c SHEBA MEDICAL CENTER   (Israel)

^d NONE   (Israel)

Author keywords

Chemical terrorism; Emergency medical response; Mass casualty event; Organophosphates; Toxic industrial compounds

Indexed keywords

ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; ATROPINE; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; CYANIDE; OPIATE; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; OXIME; SCOPOLAMINE;

ARTICLE; CHEMICAL WARFARE; CONSCIOUSNESS DISORDER; DISASTER; ECONOMIC ASPECT; EMERGENCY CARE; EMERGENCY HEALTH SERVICE; EMERGENCY WARD; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HOSPITAL CARE; HUMAN; INTOXICATION; MEDICAL EDUCATION; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PROTECTION; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOTHERAPY; SEIZURE; THREAT; ALGORITHM; DISASTER MEDICINE; DISASTER PLANNING; MASS DISASTER; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; WASTE MANAGEMENT;

ALGORITHMS; CHEMICAL TERRORISM; DECONTAMINATION; DISASTER MEDICINE; DISASTER PLANNING; EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES; HUMANS; MASS CASUALTY INCIDENTS; POISONING;

EID: 58149340606     PISSN: 15651088     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Hughart JL, Bashor MM. Industrial chemicals and terrorism: human health threat analysis, mitigation and prevention. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Public Health Service. Report from link: http://www.mapcruzin.com/scruztri/docs/cep1118992.htm
2. Burklow TR, Yu CE, Madsen JM. Industrial chemicals: terrorist weapons of opportunity. Pediatr Ann 2003;32:230-4.
3. Bennett RL. Chemical or biological terrorist attacks: an analysis of the preparedness of hospitals for managing victims affected by chemical or biological weapons of mass destruction. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2006;3:67-75.
4. Koplan JP, Holloway BR, Jackson RJ, et al. Biological and chemical terrorism: strategic plan for preparedness and response. Recommendations of the CDC strategic planning workgroup. MMWR. 2000;49/RR-4.
5. Davis CJ. Nuclear blindness: an overview of the biological weapons programs of the former Soviet Union and Iraq. Emerg Infect Dis 1999;5:509-12.
6. Moore DH, Alexander SM. Emergency response to a chemical warfare agent incident: domestic preparedness, first response and public health considerations. In: Somani SM, Romano JK, eds. Chemical Warfare Agents: Toxicity at Low Levels. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2001:409-35.
7. Rogers GO, Sorensen JH, Watson AP. Protecting civilian populations during chemical agent emergencies. In: Somani SM, ed. Chemical Warfare Agents. New York: Academic Press, 1992: 357-86.
8. Sidell FR. Chemical agent terrorism. Ann Emerg Med 1996;28: 223-4.
9. Tur-Kaspa I, Lev EI, Hendler I, et al. Preparing hospitals for toxicological mass casualties events. Cri Care Med 1999;27:1004-8.
10. Macintyre AG, Christopher GW. Eitzen EJ, et al. Weapons of mass destruction events with contaminated casualties: effective planning for health care facilities. JAMA 2000;283:242-9.
11. Sidell FR. Civil emergencies involving chemical warfare agents, medical considerations. In: Somani SM, ed. Chemical Warfare Agents. New York: Academic Press, 1992:341-56.
12. Okumura T, Suzuki K, Fukuda A, et al. The Tokyo subway sarin attack: disaster management. Part 2: Hospital response. Acad Emerg Med 1998;5:618-24.
13. Broughton E. The Bhopal disaster and its aftermath: a review. Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source. 2005;4:6-11.
14. Okumura T, Takasu N, Ishimatsu S, et al. Report on 640 victims of the Tokyo subway sarin attack. Ann Emerg Med 1996;28:129-35.
15. Morita H, Yanagisawa N, Nakajima T, et al. Sarin poisoning in Matsumoto, Japan. Lancet 1995;346:290-4.
16. Ellison H. International and domestic US lists of agents. In: Ellison H, ed. Handbook of Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 1999:479-86.
17. Hendler I, Nahtomi O, Segal E, et al. The effect of full protective gear on intubation performance by hospital medical personnel. Mil Med. 2000;164:272-4.
18. Kales SN, Christiani DC. Acute chemical emergencies. N Engl J Med 2004;350:800-8.
19. Krivoy A, Layish I, Rotman E, et al. OP or Not-OP: the medical challenge at the chemical terrorism scene. Prehosp Disast Med 2005;20:155-8.
20. Sidell FR. Nerve agents. In: Sidell FR, Takafuji ET, Franz DR, eds. Textbook of Military Medicine. Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare. Virginia, USA, Office of the Surgeon General, US Army, 1997:129-79.
21. Lee ED. Clinical manifestations of sarin nerve gas exposure. JAMA 2003;290:659-62.
22. McDonough JH Jr, Shih TM. Neuropharmacological mechanisms of nerve agent-induced seizure and neuropathology. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 1997;21:559-79.
23. Sidell FR. Clinical considerations in nerve agent intoxication. In: Somani SM, ed Chemical Warfare Agents. New York: Academic Press, 1992:162.
24. Bar-Meir E, Schein O, Eisenkraft A, et al. Guidelines for treating cardiac manifestations of organophosphates poisoning with special emphasis on long QT and Torsades de pointes. Crit Rev Toxicol 2007;37:1-7.
25. Shih TM, Duniho SM, McDonough JH. Control of nerve agent-induced seizures, is critical for neuroprotection and survival. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2003;188:69-80.
26. Eisenkraft A, Gilat E, Chapman S, et al. Efficacy of the bone injection gun in the treatment of organophosphate poisoning. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2007;27:1-6.
27. Lallement G, Dorandeu F, Filliant P, et al. Medical management of organophosphate-induced seizures. J Physiol Paris 1998;92: 369-73.
28. Robenshtok E, Luria S, Tashma Z, et al. Adverse reaction to atropine and the treatment of organophosphate intoxication. IMAJ 2002;4:535-9.
29. Rubinstein R, Robenshtok E, Eisenkraft A, et al. Training Israeli medical personnel to treat casualties of nuclear, biologic, and chemical warfare. IMAJ 2002;4:545-8.
30. Vardi A, Levin I, Berkenstadt H, et al. Simulation-based training of medical teams to manage chemical warfare casualties. IMAJ 2002;4:540-4.
31. Berkenstadt H, Marganitt B, Atsmon J. Combined chemical and conventional injuries - pathophysiologiqal, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. IMAJ 1991;27:623-6.
32. Schlenger WE, Caddell JM, Ebert L, et al. Psychological reactions to terrorist attacks: findings front the national study of American's reactions to September 11. JAMA 2002;288:581-8.
33. Galea S, Ahern J, Resnick H, et al. Psychological sequelae of the September 11 terrorist attacks in New York City. N Engl J Med 2002;346:982-7.
34. Silver RC, Holman A, McIntosh DN, Paulin M, Gil-Rivas V. Nationwide longitudinal study of psychological responses to September 11. JAMA 2002;288:1235-44.
35. Reports from "The operational impact of psychological casualties from weapons of mass destruction (WMD)" Conference 25-27 July 2000, AFFRI, Bethesda, Maryland.