Heparin-like Effect in Liver Disease and Liver Transplantation

Clinics in Liver Disease

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 43-53

  Senzolo, M ^a   Cholongitas, E ^b   Thalheimer, U ^b   Riddell, Anne ^b   Agarwal, S ^b   Mallett, S ^b   Ferronato, C ^a   Burroughs, A K ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF PADOVA   (Italy)

^b ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bleeding; Coagulation; Heparinoids; Liver disease; Liver transplantation

Indexed keywords

BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 10; BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 7; CHONDROITIN SULFATE; CYTOKINE; D DIMER; DANAPAROID; DERMATAN; DERMATAN SULFATE; ENDOTOXIN; GLYCOSAMINOGLYCAN; HEPARAN; HEPARAN SULFATE; HEPARIN LYASE; HEPARINOID; HYALURONIC ACID; INTERLEUKIN 6; KERATIN; NITRIC OXIDE; PHOSPHOLIPID; PROTAMINE; PROTHROMBIN; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS; ANTICOAGULATION; BLEEDING TENDENCY; BLOOD CELL COUNT; BLOOD CLOTTING; ENDOTHELIUM CELL; ENDOTOXEMIA; FIBRINOLYSIS; HEMOSTASIS; HEPARIN LIKE EFFECT; INFECTION; INFECTION PREVENTION; INFECTION RISK; KIDNEY FAILURE; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER DISEASE; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; REVIEW; SEPSIS; THROMBOCYTE AGGREGATION; THROMBOCYTE FUNCTION; THROMBOELASTOGRAPHY;

BLOOD COAGULATION; COMMUNICABLE DISEASES; HEMORRHAGE; HEMOSTASIS; HEPARIN ANTAGONISTS; HEPARIN LYASE; HEPARINOIDS; HUMANS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; POSTOPERATIVE HEMORRHAGE; PROTAMINES; THROMBELASTOGRAPHY; VARICOSE VEINS;

EID: 58149326836     PISSN: 10893261     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2008.09.004     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. Senzolo M., and Burroughs A.K. Hemostasis alterations in liver disease and liver transplantation. In: Kitchens G., Alving B., and Kessler G. (Eds). Consultative hemostasis and thrombosis (2007), Saunders, Philadelphia
2. Senzolo M., Burra P., Cholongitas E., et al. New insights into the coagulopathy of liver disease and liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol 12 48 (2006) 7725-7736
3. Tripodi A., Salerno F., Chantarangkul V., et al. Evidence of normal thrombin generation in cirrhosis despite abnormal conventional coagulation tests. Hepatology 41 3 (2005) 553-558
4. Tripodi A., Primignani M., Chantarangkul V., et al. Thrombin generation in patients with cirrhosis: the role of platelets. Hepatology 44 2 (2006) 440-445
5. Bernard B., Grange J.D., Khac E.N., et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: a meta-analysis. Hepatology 29 6 (1999) 1655-1661
6. Goulis J., Patch D., and Burroughs A.K. Bacterial infection in the pathogenesis of variceal bleeding. Lancet 353 9147 (1999) 139-142
7. Goulis J., Armonis A., Patch D., et al. Bacterial infection is independently associated with failure to control bleeding in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Hepatology 27 5 (1998) 1207-1212
8. Bernard B., Cadranel J.F., Valla D., et al. Prognostic significance of bacterial infection in bleeding cirrhotic patients: a prospective study. Gastroenterology 108 6 (1995) 1828-1834
9. Hou M.C., Lin H.C., Liu T.T., et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis after endoscopic therapy prevents rebleeding in acute variceal hemorrhage: a randomized trial. Hepatology 39 3 (2004) 746-753
10. Jun C.H., Park C.H., Lee W.S., et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis using third generation cephalosporins can reduce the risk of early rebleeding in the first acute gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage: a prospective randomized study. J Korean Med Sci 21 5 (2006) 883-890
11. Thalheimer U., Triantos C.K., Samonakis D.N., et al. Infection, coagulation, and variceal bleeding in cirrhosis. Gut 54 4 (2005) 556-563
12. Grignani G., and Maiolo A. Cytokines and hemostasis. Haematologica 85 9 (2000) 967-972
13. Violi F., Ferro D., Basili S., et al. Association between low-grade disseminated intravascular coagulation and endotoxemia in patients with liver cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 109 2 (1995) 531-539
14. Plessier A., Denninger M.H., Consigny Y., et al. Coagulation disorders in patients with cirrhosis and severe sepsis. Liver Int 23 6 (2003) 440-448
15. Wong F., Bernardi M., Balk R., et al. Sepsis in cirrhosis: report on the 7th meeting of the International Ascites Club. Gut 54 5 (2005) 718-725
16. Chau T.N., Chan Y.W., Patch D., et al. Thrombelastographic changes and early rebleeding in cirrhotic patients with variceal bleeding. Gut 43 2 (1998) 267-271
17. Papatheodoridis G.V., Patch D., Webster G.J., et al. Infection and hemostasis in decompensated cirrhosis: a prospective study using thrombelastography. Hepatology 29 4 (1999) 1085-1090
18. Despotis G.J., Summerfield A.L., Joist J.H., et al. In vitro reversal of heparin effect with heparinase: evaluation with whole blood prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time in cardiac surgical patients. Anesth Analg 79 4 (1994) 670-674
19. Tuman K.J., McCarthy R.J., Djuric M., et al. Evaluation of coagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass with a heparinase-modified thromboelastographic assay. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 8 2 (1994) 144-149
20. Montalto P., Vlachogiannakos J., Cox D.J., et al. Bacterial infection in cirrhosis impairs coagulation by a heparin effect: a prospective study. J Hepatol 37 4 (2002) 463-470
21. Zambruni A., Thalheimer U., Coppell J., et al. Endogenous heparin-like activity detected by anti-Xa assay in infected cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients. Scand J Gastroenterol 39 9 (2004) 830-836
22. Guarner C., Soriano G., Tomas A., et al. Increased serum nitrite and nitrate levels in patients with cirrhosis: relationship to endotoxemia. Hepatology 18 5 (1993) 1139-1143
23. Nielsen V.G. Nitric oxide decreases coagulation protein function in rabbits as assessed by thromboelastography. Anesth Analg 92 2 (2001) 320-323
24. Dhainaut J.F., Marin N., Mignon A., et al. Hepatic response to sepsis: interaction between coagulation and inflammatory processes. Crit Care Med 29 Suppl 7 (2001) S42-S47
25. Horne III M.K., Stein C.A., LaRocca R.V., et al. Circulating glycosaminoglycan anticoagulants associated with suramin treatment. Blood 71 2 (1988) 273-279
26. Murata K., Akashio K., and Ochiai Y. Changes in acidic glycosaminoglycan components at different stages of human liver cirrhosis. Hepatogastroenterology 31 6 (1984) 261-265
27. Weiss S.J. Tissue destruction by neutrophils. N Engl J Med 320 6 (1989) 365-376
28. Cavari S., and Vannucchi S. Glycosaminoglycans exposed on the endothelial cell surface. Binding of heparin-like molecules derived from serum. FEBS Lett 323 1-2 (1993) 155-158
29. Lamari F.N., Militsopoulou M., Mitropoulou T.N., et al. Analysis of glycosaminoglycan-derived disaccharides in biologic samples by capillary electrophoresis and protocol for sequencing glycosaminoglycans. Biomed Chromatogr 16 2 (2002) 95-102
30. Zmuda K., Neofotistos D., and Ts'ao C.H. Effects of unfractionated heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin, and heparinoid on thromboelastographic assay of blood coagulation. Am J Clin Pathol 113 5 (2000) 725-731
31. Su H., Blain F., Musil R.A., et al. Isolation and expression in Escherichia coli of hepB and hepC, genes coding for the glycosaminoglycan-degrading enzymes heparinase II and heparinase III, respectively, from Flavobacterium heparinum. Appl Environ Microbiol 62 8 (1996) 2723-2734
32. Yang V.C., Linhardt R.J., Bernstein H., et al. Purification and characterization of heparinase from Flavobacterium heparinum. J Biol Chem 260 3 (1985) 1849-1857
33. Kang Y.G., Martin D.J., Marquez J., et al. Intraoperative changes in blood coagulation and thrombelastographic monitoring in liver transplantation. Anesth Analg 64 9 (1985) 888-896
34. Kang Y. Thromboelastography in liver transplantation. Semin Thromb Hemost 21 Suppl 4 (1995) 34-44
35. Bakker C.M., Blankensteijn J.D., Schlejen P., et al. The effects of long-term graft preservation on intraoperative hemostatic changes in liver transplantation. A comparison between orthotopic and heterotopic transplantation in the pig. HPB Surg 7 4 (1994) 265-280
36. Bayly P.J., and Thick M. Reversal of post-reperfusion coagulopathy by protamine sulphate in orthotopic liver transplantation. Br J Anaesth 73 6 (1994) 840-842
37. Bellani K.G., Estrin J.A., Ascher N.L., et al. Reperfusion coagulopathy during human liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 19 4 Suppl 3 (1987) 71-72
38. Chapin J.W., Peters K.R., Winslow J., et al. Circulating heparin during liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 25 2 (1993) 1803
39. Pivalizza E.G., Abramson D.C., and King Jr. F.S. Thromboelastography with heparinase in orthotopic liver transplantation. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 12 3 (1998) 305-308
40. Kettner S.C., Gonano C., Seebach F., et al. Endogenous heparin-like substances significantly impair coagulation in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation. Anesth Analg 86 4 (1998) 691-695
41. Auwerda J.J., Bac D.J., van't Veer M.B., et al. Successful management of hemolysis in ABO-nonidentical orthotopic liver transplantation by steroid therapy: a case report. Transpl Int 9 5 (1996) 509-512
42. Harding S.A., Mallett S.V., Peachey T.D., et al. Use of heparinase modified thrombelastography in liver transplantation. Br J Anaesth 78 2 (1997) 175-179
43. Agarwal S., Senzolo M., Melikian C., et al. The prevalence of a heparin-like effect shown on the thromboelastograph in patients undergoing liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 14 6 (2008) 855-860
44. Senzolo M., Agarwal S., Zappoli P., et al. Heparin-like effect contributes to the coagulopathy in patients with acute liver failure undergoing liver transplatation. Liver lnt (2008) in press
45. McKee R.F., Hodson S., Dawes J., et al. Plasma concentrations of endogenous heparinoids in portal hypertension. Gut 33 11 (1992) 1549-1552
46. Szende B., Lapis K., Kovalszky I., et al. Role of the modified (glycosaminoglycan producing) perisinusoidal fibroblasts in the CCl4-induced fibrosis of the rat liver. In Vivo 6 4 (1992) 355-361
47. Colburn P., and Buonassisi V. Anti-clotting activity of endothelial cell cultures and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 104 1 (1982) 220-227
48. Bourin M.C., and Lindahl U. Glycosaminoglycans and the regulation of blood coagulation. Biochem J 289 Pt 2 (1993) 313-330
49. Cavari S., Stramaccia L., and Vannucchi S. Endogenous heparinase-sensitive anticoagulant activity in human plasma. Thromb Res 67 2 (1992) 157-165
50. Trowbridge J.M., and Gallo R.L. Dermatan sulfate: new functions from an old glycosaminoglycan. Glycobiology 12 9 (2002) 117R-125R
51. Huntington J.A. Mechanisms of glycosaminoglycan activation of the serpins in hemostasis. J Thromb Haemost 1 7 (2003) 1535-1549
52. Nader H.B., Pinhal M.A., Bau E.C., et al. Development of new heparin-like compounds and other antithrombotic drugs and their interaction with vascular endothelial cells. Braz J Med Biol Res 34 6 (2001) 699-709
53. Ofosu F.A., Modi G.J., Smith L.M., et al. Heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate inhibit the generation of thrombin activity in plasma by complementary pathways. Blood 64 3 (1984) 742-747
54. McGee M., and Wagner W.D. Chondroitin sulfate anticoagulant activity is linked to water transfer: relevance to proteoglycan structure in atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 23 10 (2003) 1921-1927
55. Zancan P., and Mourao P.A. Venous and arterial thrombosis in rat models: dissociation of the antithrombotic effects of glycosaminoglycans. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 15 1 (2004) 45-54
56. Senzolo M., Coppell J., Cholongitas E., et al. The effects of glycosaminoglycans on coagulation: a thromboelastographic study. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 18 3 (2007) 227-236
57. Senzolo M., Riddell A., Tuddenham E., et al. Endogenous heparinoids contribute to coagulopathy in patients with liver disease. J Hepatol 48 2 (2008) 371-372
58. Khoory M.S., Nesheim M.E., Bowie E.J., et al. Circulating heparan sulfate proteoglycan anticoagulant from a patient with a plasma cell disorder. J Clin Invest 65 3 (1980) 666-674
59. Palmer R.N., Rick M.E., Rick P.D., et al. Circulating heparan sulfate anticoagulant in a patient with a fatal bleeding disorder. N Engl J Med 310 26 (1984) 1696-1699
60. Wages D.S., Staprans I., Hambleton J., et al. Structural characterization and functional effects of a circulating heparan sulfate in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Hematol 58 4 (1998) 285-292
61. Tefferi A., Owen B.A., Nichols W.L., et al. Isolation of a heparin-like anticoagulant from the plasma of a patient with metastatic bladder carcinoma. Blood 74 1 (1989) 252-254
62. Ernst S., Langer R., Cooney C.L., et al. Enzymatic degradation of glycosaminoglycans. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 30 5 (1995) 387-444
63. Senzolo M., Cholongitas E., Thalheimer U., et al. Heparinase I II and III modified thromboelastography for the detection of different glycosaminoglycans' effect in cirrhotics with bacterial infection. J Hepatol 44 S2 (2008) [abstract]
64. Mitchell L., Superina R., Delorme M., et al. Circulating dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate/heparin proteoglycans in children undergoing liver transplantation. Thromb Haemost 74 3 (1995) 859-863
65. Ruiz-del-Arbol L., Urman J., Fernandez J., et al. Systemic, renal, and hepatic hemodynamic derangement in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Hepatology 38 5 (2003) 1210-1218
66. Thalheimer U., Triantos C., Samonakis D., et al. Endogenous heparinoids in acute variceal bleeding. Gut 54 2 (2005) 310-311
67. Stafford-Smith M., Lefrak E.A., Qazi A.G., et al. Efficacy and safety of heparinase I versus protamine in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with and without cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesthesiology 103 2 (2005) 229-240