Study of the formalism used to determine the absorbed dose for low-energy x-ray beams

Physics in Medicine and Biology

Volumn 53, Issue 23, 2008, Pages 6963-6977

  Chica, U ^a,b   Anguiano, M ^a   Lallena, A M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GRANADA   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA   (Colombia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABSORPTION; BACKSCATTERING; DOSIMETRY; ENERGY ABSORPTION;

ABSORBED DOSES; ENERGY ABSORPTION COEFFICIENTS; MONTE CARLO CODES; PENELOPE;

UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS;

ARTICLE; DOSIMETRY; ENERGY ABSORPTION; LOW ENERGY RADIATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION BEAM; ROENTGEN SPECTROSCOPY; X RAY ANALYSIS;

ABSORPTION; AIR; BODY WATER; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, RADIATION; MONTE CARLO METHOD; RADIATION DOSAGE; RADIOMETRY; SCATTERING, RADIATION; SOFTWARE; UNCERTAINTY; WATER; X-RAYS;

EID: 58149269275     PISSN: 00319155     EISSN: 13616560     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/53/23/020     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Aoki K and Koyama M 2002 Measurement of backscattered x-ray spectra at the water surface in the energy range 60 kV to 120 kV Phys. Med. Biol. 47 1205-17
2. Ay M, Sarkar S, Shahriani M, Sardiri D and Zaidi H 2004 Comparative assessment of different computational models for generation of x-ray spectra in diagnostic radiology and mammography Nuclear Science Symp. Conf. Record, 2004 IEEE 7 4190-4
3. Birch R and Marshall M 1979 Computation of bremsstrahlung x-ray spectra and comparison with spectra measured with a Ge(Li) detector Phys. Med. Biol. 24 505-17
4. Carlsson C 1993 Differences in reported backscatter factors for low-energy x-rays: a literature study Phys. Med. Biol. 38 521-31
5. Chica U, Anguiano M and Lallena A M 2008 Benchmark of PENELOPE for low and medium energy X-rays Phys. Med. (doi: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2008.04.001)
6. Deutsch Institut fur Normung (DIN) 1996 Klinische dosimetrie: anwendung von Röntgenstraheln mit Röhrenspanungen von 100 bis 400 kV in der Strahlentherapie (DIN6809-5) (Berlin: DIN)
7. Grosswendt B 1984 Backscatter factors for x-rays generated at voltages between 10 and 100 kV Phys. Med. Biol. 29 579-91
8. Grosswendt B 1990 Dependence of the photon backscatter factor for water on source-to-phantom distance and irradiation field size Phys. Med. Biol. 35 1233-45
9. Grosswendt B 1993 Dependence of the photon backscatter factor for water on irradiation field size and source-to-phantom distances between 1.5 and 10 cm Phys. Med. Biol. 38 305-10
10. Harrison R M 1982 Backscatter factors for diagnostic radiology (1-4 mm Al HVL) Phys. Med. Biol. 27 1465-74
11. Hubbell J H and Seltzer S M 1996 Tables of x-ray mass attenuation coefficients and mass-energy absorption coefficients. NISTIR 5632 (URL: http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/XrayMassCoef/ComTab/water.html)
12. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 1987 Absorbed dose determination in photon and electron beams: an international code of practice IAEA Technical Reports Series 277 (Vienna: IAEA)
13. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 2005 Absorbed dose determination in external beam radiotherapy IAEA Technical Reports Series 398 (Vienna: IAEA)
14. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) 2005 Patient Dosimetry for X Rays Used in Medical Imaging (Report 74) (Bethesda: ICRU)
15. Klevenhagen S C 1982 The build-up of backscatter in the energy range 1 mm Al to 8 mm Al HVT Phys. Med. Biol. 27 1035-43
16. Klevenhagen S C 1989 Experimentally determined backscatter factors for x-rays generated at voltages between 16 and 140 kV Phys. Med. Biol. 34 1871-82
17. Klevenhagen S C, Auckett R J, Harrison R M, Moretti C, Nahum A E and Rosser K E 1996 The IPEMB code of practice for the determination of absorbed dose for x-rays below 300 kV generating potential (0.035 mm Al-4 mm Cu HVL; 10-300 kV generating potential) Phys. Med. Biol. 41 2605-25
18. Ma C M, Coffey C, DeWerd L, Liu C, Nath R, Seltzer S and Seuntjens J 2001 AAPM protocol for 40-300 kV x-ray beam dosimetry in radiotherapy and radiobiology Med. Phys. 28 868-93
19. Ma C M and Seuntjens J 1999 Mass-energy absorption coefficient and backscatter factor ratios for kilovoltage x-ray beams Phys. Med. Biol. 44 131-43
20. Meyer P, Buffard E, Mertz L, Kennel C, Constantinesco A and Siffert P 2004 Evaluation of the use of six diagnostic x-ray spectra computer codes Br. J. Radiol. 77 224-30
21. Nederlandse Commissie voor Stralingsdosimetrie (NCS) 1997 Dosimetry for low and medium energy x-rays: a code of practice in radiotherapy and radiobiology NCS Report 10 (Delft: NCS)
22. Nowotny R and Hofer A 1985 Ein program fur die berechunung von diagnostischen ronttgenspektren Fortschr. Rontgenstr. 142 1309-18
23. Peixoto J and Andreo P 2000 Determination of absorbed dose to water in reference conditions for radiotherapy kilovoltage x-rays between 10 and 300 kV: a comparison of the data in the IAEA, IPEMB, DIN and NCS dosimetry protocols Phys. Med. Biol. 45 563-75
24. Petoussi-Henss N, Zankl M, Drexler G, Panzer W and Regulla D 1998 Calculation of backscatter factors for diagnostic radiology using Monte Carlo methods Phys. Med. Biol. 43 2237-50
25. Press W H, Teukolsky S A, Vetterling W T and Flannery B P 1992 Numerical Recipes in Fortran77: The Art of Scientific Computing (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
26. Rosser K 1998 An alternative beam quality index for medium-energy x-ray dosimetry Phys. Med. Biol. 43 587-98
27. Salvat F, Fernández-Varea J M and Sempau J 2003 Penelope- A Code System for Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron and Photon Transport (Paris: Nuclear Energy Agency)
28. Seuntjens J, Thierens H and Segaert O 1987 Response of coaxial Ge(Li) detectors to narrow beams of photons for stripping of x-ray bremsstrahlung spectra Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 258 127-31
29. Stanton L, Bratelli S D and Day L J 1982 Measurements of diagnostic x-ray backscatter by a novel ion chamber method Med. Phys. 9 121-30