Variations in sexual risks in drug users: Emerging themes in a behavioral context

Current HIV/AIDS Reports

Volumn 5, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 212-218

  Celentano, David D ^a   Latimore, Amanda D ^a   Mehta, Shruti H ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DRUG ABUSE; ETHNICITY; HETEROSEXUAL FEMALE; HETEROSEXUAL MALE; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MINORITY GROUP; RACE DIFFERENCE; REVIEW; SAFE SEX; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; UNSAFE SEX; VIRUS TRANSMISSION; ADDICTION; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; FEMALE; HETEROSEXUALITY; HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR; HOMOSEXUALITY; MALE;

FEMALE; HETEROSEXUALITY; HIV INFECTIONS; HOMOSEXUALITY; HUMANS; MALE; RISK-TAKING; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS;

EID: 58149149647     PISSN: 15483568     EISSN: 15483576     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11904-008-0030-4     Document Type: Review

References (56)

1. •• Leigh BC, Ames SL, Stacy AW: Alcohol, drugs, and condom use among drug offenders: an event-based analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2008, 93:38-42. In a high-risk sample of drug offenders, the association between substance use and lack of condom use differed by type of drug used: alcohol, cocaine, marijuana, and ingested amphetamines were not associated with condom use, whereas smoked or injected methamphetamines were associated with decreased condom use.
2. Strathdee SA, Galai N, Safaiean M, et al.: Sex differences in risk factors for HIV seroconversion among injection drug users: a 10-year perspective. Arch Intern Med 2001, 161:1281-1288.
3. Kral AH, Bluthenthal RN, Lorvick J, et al.: Sexual transmission of HIV-1 among injection drug users in San Francisco, USA: risk-factor analysis. Lancet 2001, 357:1397-1401.
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: 2006 Surveillance Report. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2006.
5. Holmberg SD: The estimated prevalence and incidence of HIV in 96 large US metropolitan areas. Am J Public Health 1996, 86:642-654.
6. •• Mehta SH, Galai N, Astemborski J, et al.: HIV incidence among injection drug users in Baltimore, Maryland (1988-2004). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006, 43:368-372. In a longitudinal cohort study of 1983 injection drug users in Baltimore observed for up to 15 years, a total of 304 incident HIV cases were documented, with reduced sexual and drug risk over the period 1998 to 2004.
7. Nelson KE, Galai N, Safaeian M, et al.: Temporal trends in the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus infection and risk behavior among injection drug users in Baltimore, Maryland, 1988-1998. Am J Epidemiol 2002, 156:641-653.
8. • Kapadia F, Latka MH, Hudson SM, et al.: Correlates of consistent condom use with main partners by partnership patterns among young adult male injection drug users from five US cities. Drug Alcohol Depend 2007, 91(Suppl 1): S56-S63. In a five-city investigation of male injection drug users, consistent condom use was low for those with a main partner and for those with multiple partners. Among those with a main partner, there was an inverse association between consistent condom use and needle sharing with that partner.
9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Condom use among male injection-drug users: New York City, 1987-1990. JAMA 1992, 268:1653.
10. Strathdee SA, Sherman SG: The role of sexual transmission of HIV infection among injection and non-injection drug users. J Urban Health 2003, 80(Suppl 3):iii7-iii14.
11. Clatts MC, Goldsamt L, Neaigus A, Welle DL: The social course of drug injection and sexual activity among YMSM and other high-risk youth: an agenda for future research. J Urban Health 2003, 80(Suppl 3):iii26-iii39.
12. Doherty MC, Garfein RS, Monterroso E, et al.: Gender differences in the initiation of injection drug use among young adults. J Urban Health 2000, 77:396-414.
13. Kuyper LM, Lampinen TM, Li K, et al.: Factors associated with sex trade involvement among male participants in a prospective study of injection drug users. Sex Transm Infect 2004, 80:531-535.
14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Trends in HIV/ AIDS diagnoses among men who have sex with men - 33 States, 2001-2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2008, 57:681-686.
15. Sanchez T, Finlayson T, Drake A, et al.: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk, prevention, and testing behaviors - United States, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System: men who have sex with men, November 2003-April 2005. MMWR Surveill Summ 2006, 55:1-16.
16. Celentano DD, Vlahov D, Cohn S, et al.: Risk factors for shooting gallery use and cessation among intravenous drug users. Am J Public Health 1991, 81:1291-1295.
17. Strathdee SA, Patrick DM, Archibald CP, et al.: Social determinants predict needle-sharing behaviour among injection drug users in Vancouver, Canada. Addiction 1997, 92:1339-1347.
18. • Semaan S, Jarlais DC, Malow RM: STDs among illicit drug users in the United States: the need for interventions. In Behavioral Interventions for Prevention and Control of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Edited by Aral SO, Douglas JM. New York: Springer Science Business Media; 2007:397-422. This chapter reviews the risk factors for STIs among drug users in the United States and identifies characteristics of plausible interventions to control the further spread of these infections.
19. Astemborski J, Vlahov D, Warren D, et al.: The trading of sex for drugs or money and HIV seropositivity among female intravenous drug users. Am J Public Health 1994, 84:382-387.
20. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: HIV/AIDS Among Women Who Have Sex With Women. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2006.
21. •• Bell AV, Ompad D, Sherman SG: Sexual and drug risk behaviors among women who have sex with women. Am J Public Health 2006, 96:1066-1072. In the Risk Evaluation and Assessment of Community Health III study in Baltimore, 25% of 251 women gave a history of sex with other women (evenly split between recent and longer term), and the chief predictor of women who had sex with women (as compared with women who reported sex only with men) included transactional sex with men, a very high-risk sexual behavior.
22. Ompad DC, Fuller CM, Galea S: HIV risk behaviors among young female drug users who have sex with women in New York City [abstract TuOrD1221]. Presented at the XV International AIDS Conference. Barcelona, Spain; July 7-12, 2002.
23. Ross MW, Williams ML: Sexual behavior and illicit drug use. Annu Rev Sex Res 2001, 12:290-310.
24. Molitor F, Truax SR, Ruiz JD, Sun RK: Association of methamphetamine use during sex with risky sexual behaviors and HIV infection among non-injection drug users. West J Med 1998, 168:93-97.
25. •• Adimora AA, Schoenbach VJ, Doherty IA: Concurrent sexual partnerships among men in the United States. Am J Public Health 2007, 97:2230-2237. According to data from a sample of 4928 nationally representative men in the United States (the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth), 11% of men reported concurrent sexual partnerships in the preceding year. Concurrency was associated with not being married, non-Hispanic black or Hispanic race/ethnicity, and incarceration. Men with concurrent sexual partnerships also used drugs or alcohol during sexual intercourse, had nonmonogamous female partners, and reported a history of sex with men.
26. Adimora AA, Schoenbach VJ, Martinson FE, et al.: Heterosexually transmitted HIV infection among African Americans in North Carolina. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006, 41:616-623.
27. • Ellen JM, Gaydos C, Chung SE, et al.: Sex partner selection, social networks, and repeat sexually transmitted infections in young men: a preliminary report. Sex Transm Dis 2006, 33:18-21. In a study of risk for repeat STIs in young men in Denver and Baltimore, there was a trend suggesting that decreasing proportions of sex partners in the social network was associated with repeated infections.
28. Andrinopoulos K, Kerrigan D, Ellen JM: Understanding sex partner selection from the perspective of inner-city black adolescents. Perspect Sex Reprod Health 2006, 38:132-138.
29. Sabol WJ, Couture H: Prison Inmates at Midyear 2007. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics; 2008.
30. Valleroy LA, MacKellar DA, Karon JM, et al.: HIV prevalence and associated risks in young men who have sex with men. Young Men's Survey Study Group. JAMA 2000, 284:198-204.
31. • Millett GA, Peterson JL, Wolitski RJ, Stall R: Greater risk for HIV infection of black men who have sex with men: a critical literature review. Am J Public Health 2006, 96:1007-1019. This is the most authoritative review of the risks for HIV infection among African American men; it outlines the various psychosocial theories for the elevated risk seen in this population.
32. • Sifakis F, Hylton JB, Flynn C, et al.: Racial disparities in HIV incidence among young men who have sex with men: the Baltimore Young Men's Survey. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2007, 46:343-348. In the Baltimore Young Men's Survey, a cross-sectional venue-based survey from 1996 to 2000, MSM aged 15 to 29 years were studied. HIV incidence was 4.2% per year, with substantial racial/ethnic differences ranging from 0% among Hispanics to 11% per year among non-Hispanic African Americans. Among the risk factors for incident infection, having sex while under the influence of drugs was key.
33. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: HIV prevalence, unrecognized infection, and HIV testing among men who have sex with men - five US cities, June 2004-April 2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2005, 54:597-601.
34. Torian LV, Makki HA, Menzies IB, et al.: HIV infection in men who have sex with men, New York City Department of Health sexually transmitted disease clinics, 1990-1999: a decade of serosurveillance finds that racial disparities and associations between HIV and gonorrhea persist. Sex Transm Dis 2002, 29:73-78.
35. Bingham TA, Harawa NT, Johnson DF, et al.: The effect of partner characteristics on HIV infection among African American men who have sex with men in the Young Men's Survey, Los Angeles, 1999-2000. AIDS Educ Prev 2003, 15(Suppl A):39-52.
36. Rhodes F, Deren S, Wood MM, et al.: Understanding HIV risks of chronic drug-using men who have sex with men. AIDS Care 1999, 11:629-648.
37. Beckett M, Burnam A, Collins RL, et al.: Substance use and high-risk sex among people with HIV: a comparison across exposure groups. AIDS Behav 2003, 7:209-219.
38. Mattison AM, Ross MW, Wolfson T, Franklin D: Circuit party attendance, club drug use, and unsafe sex in gay men. J Subst Abuse 2001, 13:119-126.
39. Mansergh G, Colfax GN, Marks G, et al.: The Circuit Party Men's Health Survey: findings and implications for gay and bisexual men. Am J Public Health 2001, 91:953-958.
40. Fisher DG, Malow R, Rosenberg R, et al.: Recreational Viagra use and sexual risk among drug abusing men. Am J Infect Dis 2006, 2:107-114.
41. Romanelli F, Smith KM: Recreational use of sildenafil by HIV-positive and -negative homosexual/bisexual males. Ann Pharmacother 2004, 38:1024-1030.
42. Clatts MC, Sotheran JL: Challenges in research on drug and sexual risk practices of men who have sex with men: applications of ethnography in HIV epidemiology and prevention. AIDS Behav 2000, 4:169-179.
43. Clatts MC, Welle DL, Goldsamt L: Reconceptualizing the interaction of drug and sexual risk among MSM speed users: notes toward an ethno-epidemiology. AIDS Behav 2001, 5:115-130.
44. Lorvick J, Martinez A, Gee L, Kral AH: Sexual and injection risk among women who inject methamphetamine in San Francisco. J Urban Health 2006, 83:497-505.
45. • Reynolds GL, Latimore AD, Fisher DG: Heterosexual anal sex among female drug users: US national compared to local Long Beach, California data. AIDS Behav 2007 [Epub ahead of print; DOI 10.1007/s10461-007- 9271-2]. Women may be more at risk for HIV from anal intercourse. In this study in California, African American ethnicity and older age were negatively associated with heterosexual anal sex, whereas amphetamine use was a risk factor for anal intercourse among women.
46. Latkin CA, Mandell W, Knowlton AR, et al.: Gender differences in injection-related behaviors among injection drug users in Baltimore, Maryland. AIDS Educ Prev 1998, 10:257-263.
47. Samet JH, Walley AY, Bridden C: Illicit drugs, alcohol, and addiction in human immunodeficiency virus. Panminerva Med 2007, 49:67-77.
48. Tortu S, Beardsley M, Deren S, Davis WR: The risk of HIV infection in a national sample of women with injection drug-using partners. Am J Public Health 1994, 84:1243-1249.
49. Booth RE, Kwiatkowski CF, Chitwood DD: Sex related HIV risk behaviors: differential risks among injection drug users, crack smokers, and injection drug users who smoke crack. Drug Alcohol Depend 2000, 58:219-226.
50. Strathdee SA, Patterson TL: Behavioral interventions for HIV-positive and HCV-positive drug users. AIDS Behav 2006, 10:115-130.
51. Soler H, Quadagno D, Sly DF, et al.: Relationship dynamics, ethnicity and condom use among low-income women. Fam Plann Perspect 2000, 32:82-88, 101.
52. Chiasson MA, Stoneburner RL, Hildebrandt DS, et al.: Heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 associated with the use of smokable freebase cocaine (crack). AIDS 1991, 5:1121-1126.
53. DiClemente RJ, Wingood GM, Crosby RA, et al.: Sexual risk behaviors associated with having older sex partners: a study of black adolescent females. Sex Transm Dis 2002, 29:20-24.
54. Hankins C, Blanchette C, Alary M, et al.: Risky injection practices among IDU women who have sex with women (WSW) [abstract MoPeC3359]. Presented at the XIV International AIDS Conference. Barcelona, Spain; July 7-12, 2002.
55. Latkin CA, Forman-Hoffman VL, D'Souza G, Knowlton AR: Associations between medical service use and HIV risk among HIV-positive drug users in Baltimore, MD. AIDS Care 2004, 16:901-908.
56. Young RM, Meyer IH: The trouble with "MSM" and "WSW": erasure of the sexual-minority person in public health discourse. Am J Public Health 2005, 95:1144-1149.