Subtypes of depression in a nationally representative sample

Journal of Affective Disorders

Volumn 113, Issue 1-2, 2009, Pages 88-99

  Carragher, Natacha ^a   Adamson, Gary ^a   Bunting, Brendan ^a   McCann, Siobhan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ULSTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Depression; Heterogeneity; Latent class analysis; NESARC

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ANALYSIS; ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; COGNITIVE EMOTIONAL DEPRESSION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; FAMILY HISTORY; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTERVENTION STUDY; LIFE EVENT; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; METHODOLOGY; MOOD DISORDER; PERSONALITY DISORDER; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOSOMATIC DEPRESSION; RISK; SAMPLE; SAMPLING; SEVERELY DEPRESSION; STRUCTURED INTERVIEW; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; UNITED STATES;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; DEMOGRAPHY; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PREVALENCE; PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGIC DISORDERS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 58149091258     PISSN: 01650327     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2008.05.015     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Aggen S.H., Neale M.C., and Kendler K.S. DSM criteria for major depression: evaluating symptom patterns using latent-trait item response models. Psychol. Med. 35 (2005) 475-487
2. Akaike H. A new look at the statistical model identification. IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr. 19 (1974) 716-723
3. Alonso J., Angermeyer M.C., Bernert S., Bruffaerts R., Brugha T.S., Bryson H., de Girolamo G., Graaf R., Demyttenaere K., Gasquet I., Haro J.M., Katz S.J., Kessler R.C., Kovess V., Lépine J.P., Ormel J., Polidori G., Russo L.J., Vilagut G., Almansa J., Arbabzadeh-Bouchez S., Autonell J., Bernal M., Buist-Bouwman M.A., Codony M., Domingo-Salvany, Ferrer M., Joo S.S., Martínez-Alonso M., Matschinger H., Mazzi F., Morgan Z., Morosini P., Palacín C., Romera B., Taub N., and Vollebergh W.A. 12-Month comorbidity patterns and associated factors in Europe: results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project. Acta Psychiatr. Scand., Suppl. 420 (2004) 28-37
4. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Text Revision. 4th Ed. (2000), American Psychiatric Association, Washington
5. Andreasen N.C., Grove W.M., and Maurer R. Cluster analysis and the classification of depression. Br. J. Psychiatry 137 (1980) 256-265
6. Barry D., Pietrzak R.H., and Petry N.M. Gender differences in associations between body mass index and DSM-IV mood and anxiety disorders: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Ann. Epidemiol. 18 (2008) 458-466
7. Beals J., Novins D.K., Whitesell N.R., Spicer P., Mitchell C.M., and Manson S.M. Prevalence of mental disorders and utilization of mental health services in two American Indian reservation populations: mental health disparities in a national context. Am. J. Psychiatry 162 (2005) 1723-1732
8. Bell B., Chalklin L., Mills M., Browne G., Steiner M., Roberts J., Gafni A., Byrne C., Wallik D., Kraemer J., Webb M., Jamieson E., Whittaker S., and Dunn E. Burden of dysthymia and comorbid illness in adults in a Canadian primary care setting: high rates of psychiatric illness in the offspring. J. Affect. Disord. 78 (2004) 73-80
9. Benazzi F. The relationship of major depressive disorder to bipolar disorder: continuous or discontinuous?. Curr. Psychiatry Rep. 7 (2005) 462-470
10. Bijl R.V., Ravelli A., and van Zessen G. Prevalence of psychiatric disorder in the general population: results of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS). Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. 33 (1998) 587-595
11. Blashfield R.K., and Morey L.C. The classification of depression through cluster analysis. Compr. Psychiatry 20 (1979) 516-527
12. Blazer D., Woodbury M., Hughes D.C., George L.K., Manton K.G., Bachar J.R., and Fowler N. A statistical analysis of the classification of depression in a mixed community and clinical sample. J. Affect. Disord. 16 (1989) 11-20
13. Blazer D., Swartz M., Woodbury M., Manton K.G., Hughes D., and George L.K. Depressive symptoms and depressive diagnoses in a community population: use of a new procedure for analysis of psychiatric classification. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 45 (1988) 1078-1084
14. Breslau J., Aguilar-Gaxiola S., Kendler K.S., Su M., Williams D., and Kessler R.C. Specifying race-ethnic differences in risk of psychiatric disorder in a USA national sample. Psychol. Med. 36 (2006) 57-68
15. Canino G., Bravo M., Ramirez R., Febo V.E., Rubio-Stipec M., Fernandez R.L., and Hasin D. The Spanish Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule (AUDADIS): reliability and concordance with clinical diagnoses in a Hispanic population. J. Stud. Alcohol 60 (1999) 790-799
16. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS), National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC (2005). http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/wisqars Retrieved 14 September 2007, from http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/wisqars
17. Chatterji S., Saunders J.B., Vrasti R., Grant B.F., Hasin D.S., and Mager D. Reliability of the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-Alcohol/Drug Revised (AUDADIS-ADR): an international comparison. Drug Alcohol Depend. 47 (1997) 171-185
18. Chen L., Eaton W.W., Gallo J.J., and Nestadt G. Understanding the heterogeneity of depression through the triad of symptoms, course and risk factors: a longitudinal population-based study. J. Affect. Disord. 59 (2000) 1-11
19. Corruble E., Ginestet D., and Guelfi J.D. Comorbidity of personality disorders and unipolar major depression: a review. J. Affect. Disord. 37 (1996) 157-170
20. Cox B.J., Enns M.W., and Larsen D.K. The continuity of depression symptoms: use of cluster analysis for profile identification in patient and student samples. J. Affect. Disord. 65 (2001) 67-73
21. Crum R.M., Storr C.L., and Chan Y.F. Depression syndromes with risk of alcohol dependence in adulthood: a latent class analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend. 79 (2005) 71-81
22. Cuellar A.K., Johnson S.L., and Winters R. Distinctions between bipolar and unipolar depression. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 25 (2005) 307-339
23. Davidson J., Woodbury M.A., Pelton S., and Krishnan R. A study of depressive typologies using grade of membership analysis. Psychol. Med. 18 (1988) 179-189
24. Davis L.L., Rush J.A., Wisniewski S.R., Rice K., Cassano P., Jewell M.E., Biggs M.M., Shores-Wilson K., Balasubramani G.K., Husain M.M., Quitkin F.M., and McGrath P.J. Substance use disorder comorbidity in major depressive disorder: an exploratory analysis of the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression cohort. Compr. Psychiatry 46 (2005) 81-89
25. Dawson D.A., Grant B.F., and Li T.K. Impact of age at first drink on stress-reactive drinking. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 31 (2007) 69-77
26. Dehle C., Larsen D., and Landers J.E. Social support in marriage. Am. J. Fam. Ther. 29 (2001) 307-324
27. Druss B.G., and Rosenheck R.A. Patterns of health care costs associated with depression and substance abuse in a national sample. Psychiatr. Serv. 1999 (1999) 214-218
28. Eaton W.W., Dryman A., Sorenson A., and McCutcheon A. DSM-III major depressive disorder in the community: a latent class analysis of data from the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Programme. Br. J. Psychiatry 155 (1989) 48-54
29. Farabaugh A., Mischoulon D., Fava M., Guyker W., and Alpert J. The overlap between personality disorders and major depressive disorder (MDD). Ann. Clin. Psychiatry 16 (2004) 217-224
30. Fergusson D.M., Goodwin R.D., and Horwood L.J. Major depression and cigarette smoking: results of a 21-year longitudinal study. Psychol. Med. 33 (2003) 1357-1367
31. Garrett E.S., and Zeger S.L. Latent class model diagnosis. Biometrics 56 (2000) 1055-1067
32. Gijsen R., Hoeymans N., Schellevis F.G., Ruwaard D., Satariano W.A., and van den Bos G.A. Causes and consequences of comorbidity: a review. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 54 (2001) 661-674
33. Goldberg J.F., Harrow M., and Whiteside J.E. Risk for bipolar illness in patients initially hospitalized for unipolar depression. Am. J. Psychiatry 158 (2001) 1265-1270
34. Goldney R.D., Fisher L.J., Dal Grande E., and Taylor A.W. Subsyndromal depression: prevalence, use of health services and quality of life in an Australian population. Soc. Psychiatry. Psychiatr. Epidemiol. 39 (2004) 293-298
35. Grant B.F., Hasin D.S., Stinson F.S., Dawson D.A., Chou P.S., Ruan W.J., and Huang B. Co-occurrence of 12-month mood and anxiety disorders and personality disorders in the US: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. J. Psychiatr. Res. 39 (2005) 1-9
36. Grant B.F., Kaplan K., Shepard J., and Moore T. Source and Accuracy Statement for Wave 1 of the 2001-2003 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (2003), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda
37. Grant B.F., Dawson D.A., Stinson F.S., Chou P.S., Kay W., and Pickering R. The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-IV (AUDADIS-IV): reliability of alcohol consumption, tobacco use, family history of depression and psychiatric diagnostic modules in a general population sample. Drug Alcohol Depend. 71 (2003) 7-16
38. Grant B.F., Dawson D.A., and Hasin D.S. The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-DSM-IV Version (AUDADIS-IV) (2001), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda
39. Hagenaars J., and McCutcheon A. Applied Latent Class Analysis Models (2002), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
40. Hasin D.S., Goodwin R.D., Stinson F.S., and Grant B.F. Epidemiology of major depressive disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcoholism and Related Conditions. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 62 (2005) 1097-1106
41. Haslam N., and Beck A.T. Subtyping major depression: a taxometric analysis. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 103 (1994) 686-692
42. Jorm A.F. Does old age reduce the risk of anxiety and depression? A review of epidemiological studies across the adult life span. Psychol. Med. 30 (2000) 11-22
43. Kendler K.S., Gardener C.O., and Prescott C.A. Clinical characteristics of major depression that predict risk of depression in relatives. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 56 (1999) 322-327
44. Kendler K.S., Eaves L.J., Walters E.E., Neale M.C., Heath A.C., and Kessler R.C. The identification and validation of distinct depressive syndromes in a population-based sample of female twins. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 53 (1996) 391-399
45. Kuehner C. Gender differences in unipolar depression: an update of epidemiological findings and possible explanations. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 108 (2003) 163-174
46. Kovess-Masfety V., Lecoutour X., and Delavelle S. Mood disorders and urban/rural settings: comparisons between two French regions. Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. 40 (2005) 613-618
47. Leskela U., Rytsala H., Komulainen K., Melartin T., Sokero P., Lestela-Mielonen P., and Isometsa E. The influence of adversity and perceived social support on the outcome of major depressive disorder in subjects with different levels of depressive symptoms. Psychol. Med. 36 (2006) 779-788
48. Little T.D., Cunningham W.A., Shahar G., and Widaman K.F. To parcel or not to parcel: exploring the question, weighing the merits. Struct. Eq. Modeling 9 (2002) 151-173
49. Lo Y., Mendell N., and Rubin D.B. Testing the number of components in a normal mixture. Biometrika 88 (2001) 767-778
50. Lubke G.H., and Muthén B. Investigating population heterogeneity with factor mixture models. Psychol. Methods 10 (2005) 21-39
51. Miech R.A., Caspi A., Moffitt T.E., Wright B.E., and Silva P.A. Low socioeconomic status and mental disorders: a longitudinal study of selection and causation during young adulthood. Am. J. Sociol. 104 (1999) 1096-1131
52. Moss H.B., Chen C.M., and Yi H.Y. Subtypes of alcohol dependence in a nationally representative sample. Drug Alcohol Depend. 91 (2007) 149-158
53. Murray C.J., and Lopez A.D. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990-2020: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 349 (1997) 1498-1504
54. Muthén B.O. Dichotomous factor analysis of symptom data. Sociol. Methods Res. 18 (1989) 19-65
55. Muthén B., and Asparouhov T. Item response mixture modeling: application to tobacco dependence criteria. Addict. Behav. 31 (2006) 1050-1066
56. Muthén L.K., and Muthén B.O. Mplus User's Guide. (5th Ed) (1998-2008), Muthén & Muthén, Los Angeles
57. Myrick H., and Brady K. Current review of the comorbidity of affective, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Curr. Opin. Psychiatry 16 (2003) 261-270
58. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Alcohol Use and Alcohol Use Disorders in the United States: Main Findings from the 2001-2002 National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), U.S. Alcohol Epidemiologic Data Reference Manual Volume 8, Number 1 (2006), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda
59. Nylund, K.L., 2007. Latent transition analysis: modeling extensions and an application to peer victimization. PhD Dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.
60. Probst J.C., Laditka S.B., Moore C.G., Harun N., Powell M.P., and Baxley E.G. Rural-urban differences in depression prevalence: implications for family medicine. Fam. Med. 38 (2006) 653-660
61. Ramaswamy V., DeSarbo W., Reibstein D., and Robinson W. An empirical pooling approach for estimating marketing mix elasticities with PIMS data. Marketing Sci. 12 (1993) 103-124
62. Schwartz G. Estimating the dimension of a model. Ann. Stat. 6 (1978) 461-464
63. Sclove S.L. Application of model-selection criteria to some problems in multivariate analysis. Psychometrika 52 (1987) 333-343
64. Scotte C.K., Maes M., Cluydts R., and Cosyns P. Cluster analytic validation of the DSM melancholic depression. The threshold model: integration of quantitative and qualitative distinctions between unipolar depressive subtypes. Psychiatry Res. 71 (1997) 181-195
65. Sen B. An analysis of the nature of depressive phenomena in primary health care utilising multivariate statistical techniques. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 76 (1987) 28-32
66. Shavers V.L. Measurement of socioeconomic status in health disparities research. J. Natl. Med. Assoc. 99 (2007) 1013-1023
67. Sher L. Alcohol use and suicide rates. Med. Hypotheses 65 (2005) 1010-1012
68. Simon G.E., and von Korff M. Medical co-morbidity and validity of DSM-IV depression criteria. Psychol. Med. 36 (2006) 27-36
69. Singh G.K., and Siahpush M. Increasing rural-urban gradients in U.S. suicide mortality, 1970-1997. Am. J. Public Health 92 (2002) 1161-1167
70. Slade T., and Andrews G. Latent structure of depression in a community sample: a taxometric analysis. Psychol. Med. 35 (2005) 489-497
71. Sullivan P.F., Kessler R.C., and Kendler K.S. Latent class analysis of lifetime depressive symptoms in the National Comorbidity Survey. Am. J. Psychiatry 155 (1998) 1398-1406
72. Sullivan P.F., Prescott C.A., and Kendler K.S. The subtypes of major depression in a twin registry. J. Affect. Disord. 68 (2002) 273-284
73. Swendsen J.D., and Merikangas K.R. The comorbidity of depression and substance use disorders. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 20 (2000) 173-189
74. Waite L.J., and Lehrer E.L. The benefits from marriage and religion in the United States: a comparative analysis. Popul. Dev. Rev. 29 (2003) 255-275
75. Weissman M.M., Wickramaratne P., Nomura Y., Warner V., Verdeli H., Pilowsky D.J., Grillon C., and Bruder G. Families at high and low risk for depression: a 3-generation study. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 62 (2005) 29-36
76. Weissman M.M., Bland R.C., Canino G.J., Faravelli C., Greenwald S., Hwu H.G., Joyce P.R., Karam E.G., Lee C.K., Lellouch J., Lepine J.P., Newman S.C., Rubio-Stipec M., Wells J.E., Wickramaratne P.J., Wittchen H., and Yeh E.K. Cross-national epidemiology of major depression and bipolar disorder. JAMA 276 (1996) 293-299
77. Whitesell N.R., Beas J., Mitchell C.M., Novins D.K., Spicer P., and Manson S.M. Latent class analysis of substance use: comparison of two American Indian reservation populations and a national sample. J. Stud. Alcohol 67 (2006) 32-43
78. Wittchen H.U., Kessler R.C., Pfister H., and Lieb M. Why do people with anxiety disorders become depressed? A prospective-longitudinal community study. Acta Psychiatr. Scand., Suppl. 406 (2000) 14-23
79. World Health Organization. Composite International Diagnostic Interview (1990), World Health Organization, Geneva