Business history in Latin America: A historiographical perspective

Business History Review

Volumn 82, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 555-575

  Barbero, María Inés ^a  

^a UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN ANDRÉS   (Argentina)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 57849104573     PISSN: 00076805     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/s0007680500082647     Document Type: Review

References (209)

1. Writing an article on Latin American business history is not a simple task. Even though this continent may be thought of as a unit, it constitutes a heterogeneous reality. Every attempt to identify common elements entails some simplification and does not reflect all the shades in the different national cases or those of the regions beyond political boundaries. For histories of individual countries, see, for example, María Inés Barbero, "La storia ïimpresa in Argentina," Imprese e Storia 19 (1999): 107-30,
2. and her "La historia de empresas en la Argentina: Trayectoria y temas en debate en las últimas dos décadas," in La historia económica argentina en la encrucijada, ed. Jorge Gelman (Buenos Aires, 2006), 153-69;
3. Mario Cerutti, "Estudios regionales e historia empresarial en México (1840-1920): Una revisión de lo producido desde 1975," in Empresa e historia en América Latina, ed. Carlos Dávila L. de Guevara (Bogotá, 1996), 137-70;
4. Carlos Dávila L. de Guevara, "Estado de los estudios sobre la historia empresarial en Colombia," in Empresa e historia en América Latina, ed. Dávila, 87-136,
5. and "Hacia la comprensión del empresariado colombiano: Resultados de una colección de estudios históricos recientes," in Empresas y empresarios en la historia de Colombia: Siglos XLX y XX, ed. Carlos Dávila L. de Guevara (Bogotá, 2003), xiii-lxxviii;
6. Raúl García Heras, Historia empresarial e historia económica en Argentina: Un balance a comienzos del siglo XXI (Bogotá, 2007);
7. Colin Lewis, "Historia empresarial brasileña, c.1850-1945: Tendencias recientes en la literatura," in Empresa e historia en América Latina, ed. Dávila, 35-58;
8. Carlos Marichal, "Historia de las empresas e historia económica en México: Avances y perspectivas," in Los estudios de empresarios y empresas: Una perspectiva internacional, ed. Jorge Basave and Marcela Hernández (Mexico City, 2007), 71-100.
9. See also some recent contributions on Latin American business history: María Inés Barbero, "Business History in Latin America: Issues and Debates," in Business History around the World, ed. Franco Amatori and Geoffrey Jones (Cambridge, U.K., 2003), 317-35;
10. Carlos Dávila L. de Guevara, "La historia empresarial en América Latina," in Historia empresarial: Pasado, presente y retos del futuro, ed. Carmen Erro (Barcelona, 2003), 349-81;
11. Rory Miller, "Business History in Latin America: An Introduction," in Business History in Latin America: The Experience of Seven Countries, ed. Carlos Dávila L. de Guevara and Rory Miller (Liverpool, 1999), 1-16;
12. Tamás Szmrecsanyi and Steven Topik, "Business History in Latin America," Enterprise and Society 5 (2004): 179-86. A new book on Latin American business history, edited by Maria Inés Barbero and Raúl Jacob, is forthcoming, with articles by the editors on Argentina and Uruguay and from Armando Dalla Costa, Carlos Dávila, and Carlos Marichal on Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico.
13. Detailed information on Chile, Peru, and Venezuela can be found in Dávila, ed., Empresa e historia en America Latina
14. and in the English version of this book, Dávila and Miller, eds., Business History in Latin America.
15. Dávila, "Introducción," in Empresa e historia en América Latina, 11-16;
16. James Baughman, "Recent Trends in the Business History of Latin America," Business History Review 39 (Winter 1965): 425-39;
17. H. V. Nelles, "Latin American Business History since 1965: A View from North of the Border," Business History Review 59 (Winter 1985): 543-62.
18. Warren Dean, The Industrialization of São Paulo (Austin, 1969);
19. Peter Evans, Dependent Development: The Alliance of Multinational, State and Local Capital in Brazil (Princeton, 1979);
20. Frank Safford, "Commerce and Enterprise in Central Colombia," Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1965, and "Significación de los Antioqueños en el Desarrollo Económico Colombiano: Un examen crítico de las tesis de Everett Hagen," Anuario Colombiano de Historia Social y de la Cultura 3 (1965): 45-69;
21. Everett Hagen, El cambio social en Colombia: El factor humano en el desarrollo (Bogotá, 1963).
22. Thomas Cochran and Rubén Reina, Entrepreneurship in Argentine Culture: Torcuato Di Tella and SIAM (Philadelphia, 1962).
23. See also Vera Blinn Reber, British Mercantile Houses in Buenos Aires, 1810-1880 (Cambridge, Mass., 1979);
24. Donna Guy, Argentina Sugar Politics: Tucumán and the Generation of the Eighty (Tempe, Ariz., 1980);
25. Colin Lewis, British Railways in Argentina: A Case Study of Foreign Investment (London, 1983);
26. Susan Migden Socolow, The Merchants of Buenos Aires, 1778-1810: Family and Commerce (Cambridge, U.K., 1978);
27. Carl Solberg, Oil and Nationalism in Argentina (Stanford, 1979).
28. Among them are Mira Wilkins, The Emergence of Multinational Enterprise: American Business Abroad from the Colonial Era to 1914 (Cambridge, Mass., 1970)
29. and The Maturing of Multinational Enterprise: American Business Abroad from 1914 to 1970 (Cambridge, Mass., 1974);
30. Christopher Platt, Latin America and British Trade, 1806-1914 (London, 1972);
31. Christopher Platt, ed., Business Imperialism, 1840-1930: An Inquiry Based on British Experience in Latin America (Oxford, 1977);
32. Christopher Abel and Colin Lewis, eds., Latin America, Economic Imperialism, and the State (London, 1984).
33. It is worth mentioning that structuralism and dependence theory were largely outside the frontiers of business Mstory. Among recent contributions to the study of these topics, see Stephen Haber, Industry and Underdevelopment: The Industrialization of Mexico, 1890-1940 (Stanford, 1998);
34. Paul Gootenberg, "Hijos of Dr. Gerschenkron," in The Other Mirror, ed. Miguel Angel Centeno and Fernando Lopez-Alves (Princeton, 2001);
35. Joseph Love, "The Rise and Decline of Economic Structuralism in Latin America: New Dimensions," Latin American Research Review 40, no. 3 (2005): 100-25;
36. John Coatsworth, "Structures, Endowments and Institutions in the Economic History of Latin America," Latin American Research Review 40, no. 3 (2005): 126-44;
37. Sandra Kuntz Ficker, "From Structuralism to the New Institutional Economics: The Impact of Theory on the Study of Foreign Trade in Latin America," Latin American Research Review 40, no. 3 (2005): 145-62.
38. Eduardo Zalduendo, EI empresario industrial en América Latina: Argentina (Buenos Aires, 1963);
39. Fernando Enrique Cardoso, Empresário industrial e desenvolvimento econômico (São Paulo, 1964);
40. Aníbal Pinto, Chile, un caso de desarrollo frustrado (Santiago, 1965);
41. André Gunder Frank, Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America (New York, 1967);
42. Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Enzo Faletto, Dependencia y desarrollo en América Latina (Mexico City, 1971).
43. A synthesis on Mexico can be found in Cerutti, "Estudios regionales e historia empresarial en México (1840-1920)." For the Colombian case, see Dávila, "Estado de los estudios sobre la historia empresarial en Colombia," and Empresas y empresarios en la historia de Colombia. Mario Cerutti and Menno Vellinga, eds., Burguesias e industria en América Latina y Europa Meridional (Madrid, 1989), cover different countries.
44. Some of the most representative works for Mexico are Ciro Cardoso, ed., Formación y desarrollo de la burguesía en México (Mexico City, 1978);
45. Mario Cerutti, Burguesía y capitalismo en Monterrey (18501910) (Mexico City, 1983);
46. and Leticia Gamboa, Los empresarios de ayer (Puebla, 1985).
47. Regarding Colombia, see José Antonio Ocampo, Colombia y la economía mundial, 1830-1910 (Bogotá, 1984);
48. Roger Brew, El desarrollo económico de Antioquia desde la independencia hasta 1920 (Bogotá, 1977);
49. Ann Twinam, Miners, Merchants, and Farmers in Colonial Colombia (Austin, 1985);
50. Carlos Dávila L. de Guevara, El empresariado colombiano: Una perspectiva histórica (Bogotá, 1986);
51. Marco Palacios, El café en Colombia, 1850-1970: Una historia económica, política y social (Bogotá, 1979);
52. and Alberto Mayor, Erica, trabajo y productividad en Antioquia: Una interpretación sociológica sobre la influencia de la Escuela Nacional de Minas en la vida, costumbres e industrialización regionales (Bogotá, 1984).
53. Wilson Suzigan, Industria brasileira: Origem e desenvolvimento (São Paulo, 1986);
54. João Manuel Cardoso de Mello, O capitalismo tardio (São Paulo, 1982). See also Lewis, "Historia empresarial brasileña, c.1850-1945."
55. Milcíades Peña, Industria, burguesia industrial y liberación nacional (Buenos Aires, 1974);
56. Jorge Federico Sábato, La clase dominante en la Argentina (Buenos Aires, 1980).
57. Oscar Cornblit, "Inmigrantes y empresarios en la política argentina," in Los fragmentos del poder, ed. Torcuato Di Telia and Tulio Halperin Donghi (Buenos Aires, 1969).
58. See for example Mario Cerutti, Empresarios españoles y sociedad capitalista en México (1840-1920) (Colombres, 1995);
59. and Dávila, Empresas y empresarios en la historia de Colombia. Another country where immigration was very important is Uruguay.
60. See Alcides Beretta Curi and Ana Garcia Etcheverry, Los burgueses inmigrantes (Montevideo, 1995).
61. Ocampo, Colombia y la economía mundial, 1830-1910;
62. Steven Topik, "Burguesía y Estado en Brasil durante la Antigua República," SigloXLX 5, no. 9 (1990): 123-47;
63. Enrique Florescano, ed., Orígenes y desarrollo de la burguesía en América Latina, 1700-1955 (Mexico City, 1985);
64. Guillermo Beato, ed., Grupos sociales dominantes: México y Argentina (Siglos XIX-XX) (Córdoba, 1993).
65. For a critical position on this point of view, see Luis Carlos Bresser Pereira, "Empresarios, suas origens e as interpretações do Brasil," in História de Empresas e Desenvolvimento Econômico, ed. Tamas Szmrecsányi and Ricardo Maranhão (São Paulo, 1996);
66. and María Inés Barbero and Fernando Rocchi, "Empresas, empresarios y asociaciones empresarias," in Academia Nacional de la Historia, Nueva Historia de la Nación Argentina (Buenos Aires, 2002).
67. Stanley Stein, Vassouras, a Brazilian Coffee Country, 1850-1900 (Cambridge, Mass., 1957),
68. and The Brazilian Cotton Manufacture: Textile Enterprise in an Underdeveloped Area (Cambridge, Mass., 1957);
69. Warren Dean, Rio Claro: A Brazilian Plantation System, 1820-1920 (Stanford, 1976);
70. Peter L. Eisenberg, The Sugar Industry in Pernambuco: Modernization without Change, 1840-1910 (Berkeley, 1974),
71. and "A mentalidade dos fazendeiros no congreso agricola de 1878," in Modos de produção e realidade brasileira, ed. Jose Roberto do Amaral Lapa (Petropolis, 1980);
72. Colin Lewis, Public Policy and Private Initiative: Railway Building in São Paulo, 1860-1889 (London, 1991);
73. Flavio A. Marques de Saes, As ferrovias de São Paulo, 1870-1940 (São Paulo, 1981),
74. and Créditos e bancos no desenvolvimento da economia paulista, 1850-1930 (São Paulo, 1986);
75. Maria Bárbara Levy, Historia da Bolsa de Valores do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro, 1977);
76. Domingos Giroletti and Antonio Herminio, A compañía e a rodovia União e Industria e o desenvolvimento de Juiz de Fora, 1850-1900 (Belo Horizonte, 1980);
77. Heloisa Reichel, A industrial textil do Rio Grande do Sul, 1910-1930 (Porto Alegre, 1980). See also Lewis, "Historia empresarial brasileña, c.1850-1945."
78. Malcolm Deas, "A Colombian Coffee State: Santa Bárbara, Cundinamarca, 1870-1912," in Land and Labour in Latin America, ed. Kenneth Duncan and Ian Rutledge (Cambridge, U.K., 1973);
79. Palacios, El café en Colombia, 1850-1970;
80. Safford, Commerce and Enterprise in Central Colombia;
81. Judith White, Historia de una ignominia (Bogotá, 1978);
82. Catherine Le Grand, "Campesinos y asalariados en la zona bananera de Santa Marta, 1900-1935," in Anuario de Historia Social y de la Cultura (Bogotá, 1983).
83. See also Dávila, "Estado de los estudios sobre la historia empresarial en Colombia."
84. Dávila, ed., Empresas y empresarios en la historia de Colombia.
85. Guillermo Beato, "La casa Martínez del Río: Del comercio colonial a la industria fabril, 1829-1864," in Formación y desarrollo de la burguesía en México, ed. Ciro Cardoso (Mexico City, 1978);
86. Leticia Gamboa, Los empresarios de ayer (Puebla, 1985).
87. See also Cerutti, "Estudios regionales e historia empresarial en México (1840-1920)."
88. Cerutti, Burguesía y capitalismo en Monterrey (1850-1910).
89. Eduardo Miguez, Las tierras de los ingleses en la Argentina (Buenos Aires, 1985);
90. Roger Gravil, "British Retail Trade in Argentina, 1900-1940," Inter-American Economic Affairs 29, no. 2 (1970): 3-26;
91. Reber, British Mercantile Houses in Buenos Aires, 1810-1880;
92. Charles Jones, "British Financial Institutions in Argentina, 1860-1914," Ph.D. diss., Cambridge Umversity, 1973;
93. Winthrop Wright, British-owned Railways in Argentina: Their Effect on the Growth of Economic Nationalism, 1857-1948 (Austin, 1973);
94. Colin Lewis, British Railways in Argentina: A Case Study of Foreign Investment (London, 1983);
95. Peter Smith, Carne y política en la Argentina (Buenos Aires, 1968);
96. Guy, Argentina Sugar Politics;
97. William Fleming, "The Cultural Determinants of Entrepreneurship and Economic Development: A Case Study of Mendoza Province, Argentina, 1861-1914," Journal of Economic History 39, no. 1 (1979): 211-24.
98. See also Barbero, "La historia de empresas en la Argentina."
99. Miller, "Business History in Latin America: An Introduction."
100. Coatsworth, "Structures, Endowments and Institutions in the Economic History of Latin America."
101. Carlos Marichal, "La Importancia de los Archivos de Empresas en la Época Contemporánea: El Caso Mexicano," Boletín Virtual de la Red de Historia de Empresas i (2004).
102. See also Marichal, "Avances de la historia económica en México," in América Latina en la Historia Económica: Boletín de Fuentes 9 (1998): 77-84.
103. The import-substitution model is an economic strategy adopted by Latin American countries at different points between the 1930s and the 1970s that rested on two pillars - a closed economy and a strong state role-designed to encourage national industrial growth in order to reduce their need to import manufactured goods.
104. Retreat does not mean disappearance.
105. Important contributions are those from Stephen Haber, Industry and Underdevelopment;
106. Alan Dye, Cuban Sugar in the Age of Mass Production: Technology and the Economics of the Sugar Central, 1899-1929 (Stanford, 1998);
107. William Summerhill, Order Against Progress (Stanford, 2003);
108. Aldo MusaccMo and Ian Read, "Bankers, Industrialists, and Their Cliques: Elite Networks in Mexico and Brazil during Early Industrialization, " Harvard Business School Working Paper, (2006);
109. and Noel Maurer, The Power and the Money: The Mexican Financial System, 1876-1932 (Stanford, 2002).
110. In Mexico, paradigmatic cases are Mina Real del Monte, Banco Banamex, and Fundidora de Monterrey. See Marichal, "La Importancia de los Archivos de Empresas en la Época Contemporánea." Many scholars used the Banco Banamex files as the main source for their research projects and their Ph.D. theses. In Brazil the most important experience was the classification of the archive of "The Light"-Brazilian Traction, Light and Power Company Limited. A wide array of research projects have used this arcMve.
111. See Luzia Soares, Dirce De Paula, and Iraci Poleti, "A formação do grupo Light: Apontamentos para a sua história administrative," in América Latina en la Historia Económica: Boletín de Fuentes 8 (1997): 55-69.
112. The Mexican journal América Latina en la Historia Económica, edited by the Instituto Mora of Mexico City, published several articles during the 1990s on sources for historians in different Latin American countries. This information is available at the Instituto Mora Web site (www.institutomora.edu.mx).
113. Vera Blinn Reber, "Archival Sources for Latin American Business History," Business History Review 59 (Winter 1985): 670-79;
114. Miller, "Business History in Latin America: An Introduction"; Catherine Le Grand and Adriana Corso, "Los archivos notariales como fuente histórica," Anuario Colombiano de Historia Social y de la Cultura 31 (2004): 159-208.
115. Dávila, "La historia empresarial en América Latina."
116. Carlos Dávila L. de Guevara, "La presencia de la historia empresarial de América Latina en los Journals internacionales (2000-2004): Balance, temáticas y perspectivas," in Los estudios de empresas y empresarios: Una perspectiva internacional, ed. Jorge Basabe and Marcela Hernández (Mexico City, 2007).
117. The issue of Enterprise and Society, edited by Tamas Szmrecsányi and Steven Topik, was published in 2004. It includes articles from American and Latin American scholars (Anne Hanley, Julio Moreno, Maria Teresa Ribeiro de Oliveira, and Gabriela Recio).
118. María Inés Barbero (from Argentina) is part of the editorial board of the Business History Review, and Enterprise and Society. Andrea Lluch (from Argentina) is associate editor of Enterprise and Society. Arturo Grunstein (from Mexico) is part of the editorial board of Enterprise and Society.
119. Some collective works that reflect the state of the art of Mexican business history are: Mario Cerutti and Carlos Marichal, eds., Historia de las grandes empresas en México (Mexico City, 1997);
120. Mario Cerutti and Carlos Marichal, eds., La banca regional en México (1870-1930) (Mexico City, 2003);
121. Mario Cerutti, Carlos Manchal et al., Del mercado protegido al mercado global: Monterrey, 1925-2000 (Mexico City, 2003);
122. Jorge Basave and Marcela Hernández, eds., Los estudios de empresarios y empresas: Una perspectiva internacional (Mexico City, 2007).
123. For more information about recent contributions, see Manchal, "Historia de las empresas e historia económica en México."
124. Gamboa, Los empresarios de ayer, Mario Cerutti and Menno Vellinga, eds., Burguesias e industria en América Latina y Europa Meridional (Madrid, 1989).
125. See also several issues of the journal Siglo XIX from 1990 to 1994.
126. Sandra Kuntz Ficker, Empresa extranjera y mercado interno: El Ferrocarril Central Mexicano (1880-1907) (Mexico City, 1995);
127. Aurora Gómez-Galvarriato, "El desempeño de la Fundidora de Hierro y Acero de Monterrey durante el Porfiriato," in Historia de las grandes empresas en México, ed. Cerutti and Marichal.
128. In 1988 the first Confêrencia Internacional de Historia de Empresas took place in Niterói (Rio de Janeiro), and since 1993 conferences on business history have been organized in the context of the periodical conferences on economic history. Papers were published in several books: Szmrecsányi and Maranhão, eds., História de Emprêsas e Desenvolvimento Económico;
129. a Conferencia Internacional de História de Empresas, Anais (Niteroi, 1997).
130. More recently, they were published on CD-ROM. A multidisciplinary workshop on businessmen and firms has taken place every two years since 1998 at different Brazilian universities, and the papers are published in edited volumes. See Ana Maria Kirschner and Eduardo Gomes, eds., Empresa, empresários e sociedade (Rio de Janeiro, 1999);
131. Ana Maria Kirschner, Eduardo Gomes, and Paola Cappellin, eds., Empresa, empresarios e globalizaçao (Rio de Janeiro, 2002);
132. Denise Gros et al., Empresas e grupos empresariais: Atores sociais em transformação (Juiz de Fora, 2005).
133. Armando Dalla Costa has adopted some Chandlerian concepts, while other authors, such as Flavio Saes, have discussed them in an explicit way. See Armando Dalla Costa, "A Sadia e o pionerismo industrial na agroindustria brasileira," História Económica & Historia de Empresas 1 (1998): 109-44,
134. a Conferencia Internacional de Historia de Empresas (Curitiba, 1999), CD-ROM.
135. References and contributions can be found in the historiographical article from Colin Lewis, "Historia empresarial brasileña, c.1850-1945," in the collective books cited in note 37 and in the CD-ROMs published since 1999 containing the papers presented at the Brazilian Economic and Business History Conferences (many of them can be consulted on-line at http://www.abphe.org.br/eventos.html).
136. See also a recent book edited by Armando Dalla Costa, Adriana Sbicca Fernandes, and Tamas Szmrecsányi, Empresas, empresários e desenvolvimento econômico no Brasil (São Paulo, 2008).
137. Luis Carlos Bresser Pereira, "Empresarios, suas origens e as interpretações do Brasil," in História de Empresas e Desenvolvimento Econômico, ed. Szmrecsányi and Maranhão; Sérgio de Oliveira Birchal, Entrepreneurship in Nineteenth-Century Brazil (London, 1999).
138. a Conferencia Internacional de História de Empresas (Curitiba, 1999);
139. a Conferencia Internacional de História de Empresas, Anais (Niteroi, 1997).
140. Dávila, ed., Empresas y empresarios en la historia de Colombia.
141. Dávila, El empresariado colombiano and "Estado de los estudios sobre la historia empresarial en Colombia." A recent book from Marcelo Bucheli on the United Fruit Company in Colombia is a relevant contribution, since it is a case study about the strategy of the firm and its impact on the local economy from an innovative perspective.
142. See Marcelo Bucheli, Bananas and Business: The United Fruit Company in Colombia, 1899-2000 (New York, 2005).
143. The CEHDE is run by María Inés Barbero. An antecedent was the Centro de Estudios Económicos sobre la Empresa y el Desarrollo, created in 1998 at the Universidad de Buenos Aires by Maria Inés Barbero, Raúl García Heras, Jorge Gilbert, Jorge Schvarzer, and other scholars.
144. The more critical points of view can be found in Daniel Azpiazu, Miguel Khavisse, and Eduardo Basualdo, El nuevo poder económico (Buenos Aires, 1986);
145. Jorge Schvarzer, Empresarios del pasado (Buenos Aires, 1991),
146. and La industria que supimos conseguir (Buenos Aires, 1996);
147. and Hugo Notcheff, "Los senderos perdidos del desarrollo: Elite económica y restricciones al desarrollo en la Argentina," in El desarrollo ausente, ed. Daniel Azpiazu and Hugo Notcheff (Buenos Aires, 1994).
148. Examples of more shaded analysis are Barbero and Rocchi, "Empresas, empresarios y asociaciones empresarias," and Barbero, "La historia de empresas en la Argentina." The journals in which the controversy took place since the 1990s are Ciclos 7 (1994);
149. Ciclos 8 (1995);
150. Ciclos 10 (1996);
151. Entrepasados 10 (1996);
152. Anuario IEHS 13 (1998);
153. Desarrollo Económico 159 (2000);
154. Desarrollo Económico 161 (2001).
155. Some examples are Leandro Gutierrez and Juan Carlos Korol, "Historia de empresas y crecimiento industrial en la Argentina: El caso de la Fábrica Argentina de Alpargatas," Desarrollo Económico 28, no. 111 (1988): 401-24;
156. Fernando Rocchi, "La Bagley di Buenos Aires: Una fabbrica di biscotti alia conquista del mercato interno (1877-1930)," Ventesimo Secolo 4 (1994);
157. Ana María Mateu, "Aproximación a la empresa Arizu: Algunas estrategias de la conformación e incremento del patrimomo societario y familiar, 1884-1920," Quinto Sol 6 (2002): 107-27;
158. Mónica Campins and Ana Pfeiffer, "El peromsmo, la producción de penicilina y los Laboratorios Massone: ¿Problema tecnológico o político?" Ciclos 27 (2004): 123-51;
159. María Inés Barbero and Mariela Ceva, "Estrategia, estructuras y redes sociales: El caso de Algodonera Flandria (1924-1950)," Historia Econômica & História de Empresas 7, no. 2 (2004): 81-112;
160. Andrés Regalsky, Las inversiones francesas en la Argentina (1880-1914) (Caseros, 2002);
161. Andrea Lluch, "Comercio y crédito agrario: Un estudio de las prácticas y lógicas crediticias de los comerciantes de campaña a comienzos del siglo XX," Boletín del Instituto de Historia Argentina y Americana Dr. Emilio Ravignani 29 (2007): 51-83 ,
162. and "Americans in Argentina: Trade and Investment Strategies of U.S. Companies (1890-1930)," Business History Review (forthcoming);
163. Norma Lanciotti, "Las estrategias del empresariado inmigrante frente a la expansión del mercado inmobiliario: Rosario, 1870-1914," Estudios Migratorios Latinoamericanos 55 (2004): 463-90,
164. and "Empresas autónomas y grupos de inversión: Las empresas del grupo Morrison en Rosario, Argentina (1890-1930)," Investigaciones de Historia Económica 8 (2007): 109-40.
165. More information can be found in Barbero, "La historia de empresas en la Argentina" and García Heras, Historia empresarial e historia económica en Argentina.
166. María Inés Barbero, "Mercados, redes sociales y estrategias empresariales en los orí genes de los grupos económicos: De la Compañía General de Fósforos al Grupo Fabril (1889-1929)," Estudios Migratorios Latinoamericanos 44 (2000): 119-45;
167. Sergio López, "Integración y especialización como estrategias empresariales: El caso de la Cervecería Quilines (1890-1990)," Master's thesis, Universidad de San Andrés, 2001;
168. Jorge Gilbert, "Entre la expansión y la crisis de la economia argentina: Ernesto Tornquist y Cia," Ciclos 25-26 (2004): 65-92;
169. Carlos Gutiérrez, "Atractivos y paradojas del éxito tecno-industrial en la periferia: El caso de una empresa transnacional argentina de ingeniería," Ciclos 25-26 (2004): 145-75;
170. Claudio Castro, "De la industrialización tardia europea a la sustitución de importaciones latinoamericana: Agostino Rocca y los primeros años de la organización Techint, 1946-1954," Ciclos 25-26 (2004): 119-44.
171. María Inés Barbero and Marida Ceva, "El catolicismo social como estrategia empresarial: El caso de Algodonera Flandria (1924-1955)," Anuario IEHS 12 (1997): 269-89;
172. Beatriz Bragoni, Los hijos de la revolución: Familia, negocios y poder en Mendoza en el siglo XIX (Buenos Aires, 1999);
173. Mirta Lobato, La vida en las fábricas (Buenos Aires, 2001).
174. María Inés Barbero, "Argentina: Industrial Growth and Enterprise Organization, 188os-198os," in Big Business and the Wealth of Nations, ed. Alfred Chandler, Franco Amatori, and Takashi Hikino (Cambridge, U.K., 1997);
175. Jorge Schvarzer, "Grandes grupos económicos en la Argentina: Formas de propiedad y lógicas de expansion," in Más allá de la estabilidad, ed. Pablo Bustos (Buenos Aires, 1995);
176. Barbero and Rocchi, "Empresas, empresarios y asociaciones empresarias"; Marcelo Rougier, Industria, finanzas e instituciones en la Argentina: La experiencia del Banco Nacional de Desarrollo, 1967-1976 (Bernai, 2004);
177. Elena Salerno, Los comienzos del Estado empresario: La Administración General de los Ferrocarriles del Estado (1910-1928) (Buenos Aires, 2003);
178. Claudio Belini, "DINIE y los límites de la política industrial peronista (1947-1955)," Desarrollo Económico 161 (2001): 97-119.
179. Two collective volumes have been published recently: Jorge Schvarzer, Teresita Gómez, and Marcelo Rougier, eds., La empresa ayer y hoy: Nueves investigaciones y debates (Buenos Aires, 2007),
180. and Marcelo Rougier, ed., Políticas de promoción y estrategias empresariales en la industria argentina (1950-1980) (Buenos Aires, 2007). Another collection of case studies of small and medium-sized firms, edited by María Inés Barbero and Vicente Donato, is forthcoming.
181. Jorge Schvarzer, Bunge y Born: Crecimiento y diversificación de un grupo económico (Buenos Aires, 1989);
182. Raúl García Heras, Transportes, negocios y política: La compañía Anglo Argentina de Tranvías, 1876-1981 (Buenos Aires, 1994);
183. Bernardo Kosacoff, Jorge Forteza, and María Inés Barbero, Going Global from Latin America: The Arcor Case (Buenos Aires, 2002);
184. Marcelo Rougier and Jorge Schvarzer, Las grandes empresas no mueren de pie: El ocaso de SIAM (Buenos Aires, 2006).
185. Robert Greenhill and Rory Miller, "British Trading Compames in South America after 1914," in The Multinational Traders, ed. Geoffrey Jones (London, 1998).
186. Stanley Chapman, "British-Based Investment Groups before 1914," Economic History Review 38, no. 2 (1985): 230-51;
187. Mira Wilkins, "The Free-Standing Company, 1870-1914: An Important Type of British Foreign Direct Investment," Economic History Review 41, no. 2 (1988): 259-82.
188. See Geoffrey Jones's works British Multinational Banking, 1830-1990 (Oxford, 1993);
189. The Evolution of the International Business (London, 1996);
190. and Merchants to Multinationals (Oxford, 2000);
191. also Jones, ed., The Multinational Traders;
192. Alice Teichova, Maurice Lévy-Leboyer, and Helga Nussbaum, eds., Historical Studies in International Corporate Business (Cambridge, U.K., 1986).
193. See for example Lawrence Clayton, Grace: W. R. Grace & Co., the Formative Years, 1850-1930 (Ottawa, 1985);
194. Robert Greenhill, "Investment Group, Free Standing Company, or Multinational? Brazilian Warrant, 1909-52," Business History 37, no. 1 (1995): 86-111;
195. Greenhill and Miller, "British Trading Companies in South America after 1914"; Charles Jones, "Institutional Forms of British Foreign Direct Investment in South America," Business History 39, no. 2 (1997): 21-41;
196. John Mayo, British Merchant Houses and Chilean Development, 1851-1886 (Boulder, 1987);
197. Duncan McDowall, The Ligftf: Brazilian Traction, Light and Power Company Limited, 1899-1945 (Toronto, 1988);
198. Christopher Armstrong and H. V. Nelles, Southern Exposure: Canadian Promoters in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1896-1930 (Toronto, 1988);
199. Marshall Eakin, British Enterprise in Brazil: The St. John d'el Rey Mining Company and the Morro Velho Gold Mine, 1830-1960 (Durham, 1989);
200. Helen Shapiro, Engines of Growth (Cambridge, U.K., 1994);
201. Gail Triner, Banking and Economic Development: Brazil, 1889-1930 (New York, 2000).
202. See, for example, Gerhart Jacob-Wendler, Deutsche Elektroindustrie in Lateinamerika: Siemens und AEG (1890-1914) (Stuttgart, 1982);
203. George Young, "Los bancos alemanes y la inversión directa alemana en América Latina, 1880-1930," and Frederic Mauro, "Las empresas francesas y América Latina, 1850-1930," both in Las inversiones extranjeras en América Latina ed. Carlos Manchal (Mexico City, 1995);
204. Juan José Durán, Multinacionales españolas en Iberoamérica: Valor estratégico (Madrid, 1999).
205. Chile is the exception, at least when it comes to growth rates.
206. Tilman Altenburg and Jörg Meyer-Stamer, "How to Promote Clusters: Policy Experiences from Latin America," World Development 27, no. 9 (1999): 1693-713;
207. Roberta Rabellotti, "Recovery of a Mexican Cluster: Devaluation Bonanza or Collective Efficiency?" World Development 27, no. 9 (1999): 1571-85;
208. Hubert Schmitz, "Global Competition and Local Cooperation: Success and Failure in the Sinos Valley, Brazil," World Development 27, no. 9 (1999): 1627-50.
209. Jonathan Zeitlin, "Districts industriels et flexibilité de la production hier, aujourd'hui et demain," in La mobilisation du territoire: Les districts industriels en Europe Occidentale, XVIIe-XXe siècle, ed. Michel Lescure (Paris, 2006).