Infective endocarditis caused by anaerobic bacteria

Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases

Volumn 101, Issue 10, 2008, Pages 665-676

  Brook, Itzhak ^a,b  

^a GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Anaerobic bacteria; Bacteroides fragilis; Clostridium species; Endocarditis; Propionibacterium acnes

Indexed keywords

AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; AMOXICILLIN; AMPICILLIN; AZITHROMYCIN; CARBAPENEM DERIVATIVE; CEFALEXIN; CEFAZOLIN; CEFOXITIN; CEFTRIAXONE; CHLORAMPHENICOL; CLARITHROMYCIN; CLAVULANIC ACID; CLINDAMYCIN; ERTAPENEM; ERYTHROMYCIN; IMIPENEM; MEROPENEM; METRONIDAZOLE; MOXIFLOXACIN; PENICILLIN G; PIPERACILLIN; PIPERACILLIN PLUS TAZOBACTAM; SULTAMICILLIN; TICARCILLIN; TIGECYCLINE; VANCOMYCIN;

ANAEROBIC BACTERIUM; AORTITIS; BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS; BACTERIAL FLORA; BACTERIAL VIRULENCE; BACTEROIDES FRAGILIS; CARDIOGENIC SHOCK; CLOSTRIDIUM; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; FUSOBACTERIUM; HEART ABSCESS; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HEART CATHETERIZATION; HEART SURGERY; HUMAN; INFECTION PREVENTION; MICROBIOLOGY; MORTALITY; MYCOTIC ANEURYSM; NONHUMAN; PEPTOSTREPTOCOCCUS; PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SEPTIC SHOCK; SINGLE DRUG DOSE; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; THROMBOEMBOLISM; VALVULAR HEART DISEASE;

EID: 57849088319     PISSN: 18752136     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2008.08.008     Document Type: Review

References (101)

1. Brook I. Anaerobic infections in children. Microbes Infect 2002;4:1271-80.
2. Lassmann B, Gustafson DR, Wood CM, Rosenblatt JE. Reemergence of anaerobic bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44:895-900.
3. Felner JM, Dowell Jr VR. Anaerobic bacterial endocarditis. N Engl J Med 1970;283:1188-92.
4. Sapico FL, Sarma RJ. Infective endocarditis due to anaerobic and microaerophilic bacteria. West J Med 1982;137:18-23.
5. Von Reyn CF, Levy BS, Arbeit RD, et al. Infective endocarditis: an analysis based on strict case definitions. Ann Intern Med 1981;94:505-18.
6. Wilson WR, Geraci JE. Anaerobic infections of the cardiovascular system. First United States Metronidazole Conference. Eds Finegold SM et al. Biomedical Information Information Corp. NY. 319-330. Proceedings from a symposium, Tarpon Springs, Florida, February 19-20, 1982.
7. Hoen B, Alla F, Selton-Suty C, Béguinot I, Bouvet A, Briançon S, et al., Association pour l'étude et la prévention de l'endocardite infectieuse (AEPEI) Study Group. Changing profile of infective endocarditis: results of a 1-year survey in France. JAMA 2002;288:75-81.
8. Milazzo Jr AS, Li JS. Bacterial endocarditis in infants and children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2001;20:799-801.
9. Bashore TM, Cabell C, Fowler Jr V. Update on infective endocarditis. Curr Probl Cardiol 2006;31:274-352.
10. Nord CE. Anaerobic bacteria in septicemia and endocarditis. Scand J Infect Dis 1982:95-104.
11. Kiani D, Quinn EL, Burch KH, Madhavan T, Saravolatz LD, Neblett TR. The increasing importance of polymicrobial bacteremia. J Am Med Assoc 1979;242:1044-7.
12. Griffin MR, Wilson WR, Edwards WD, O'Fallon WM, Kurland LT. Infective endocarditis. Olmstead County, Minnesota, 1950 through 1981. J Am Med Assoc 1981;254:1199-202.
13. Van Scoy RE. Culture-negative endocarditis. Mayo Clin Proc 1982;57:149-54.
14. Nastro LJ, Finegold SM. Endocarditis due to anaerobic gram-negative bacilli. Am J Med 1973;54:482-96.
15. Finegold SM. Anaerobic bacteria in human disease. New York: Academic Press; 1977. p. 201-17.
16. Masri AF, Grieco MH. Bacteroides endocarditis: report of a case. Am J Med Sci 1972;263:357-67.
17. Cohen PS, Maguire JH, Weinstein L. Infective endocarditis caused by gram-negative bacteria: a review of the literature, 1945-1977. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1980;22:205-42.
18. Bisharat N, Goldstein L, Raz R, Elias M. Gram-Negative anaerobic endocarditis: two case reports and review of the literature. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2001;20:651-4.
19. Le Goff B, Agard C, Hamidou M, Tessier M, Boutoille D, Bonnel C, et al. Endocarditis due to Bacteroides fragilis revealed by portal thrombosis: a case report. Rev Med Interne 2004;25:473-5.
20. Bacchion F, Cukon S, Rizzoli G, Gerosa G, Daliento L, Thiene G, et al. Infective endocarditis in bicuspid aortic valve: atrioventricular block as sign of perivalvular abscess. Cardiovasc Pathol 2007;16:252-5.
21. Kentos A, Motte S, Nonhoff C, Jacobs F, De Smet JM, Serruys E, et al. Prevotella bivia as an unusual cause of endocarditis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1994;13:142-5.
22. Vedire S, Alpert MA, Ren J, Manian FA. Fusobacterium necrophorum endocarditis in a previously healthy young adult. Am J Med Sci 2007;334:125-7.
23. Weber G, Borer A, Riesenberg K, et al. Infective endocarditis due to F nucleatum in an intravenous drug abuser. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1999;18:655-7.
24. Shammas NW, Murphy GW, Echelberger J, et al. Infective endocarditis due to Fusobacterium nucleatum. Cardiol Clin 1993;16:72-5.
25. Levine D, Hadley WK, Mills J. Sextuplibacterial endocarditis. South Med J 1988;81:1592-3.
26. Adler AG, Blumberg EA, Schwartz DA, et al. Seven-pathogen tricuspid endocarditis in an intravenous drug abuser: pitfalls in laboratory diagnosis. Chest 1991;99:490-1.
27. Stuart G, Wren C. Endocarditis with acute mitral regurgitation caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum. Pediatr Cardiol 1992;13:230-2.
28. Cocina EG, Caliani JSE, Comitre EC, et al. Endocarditis derecha por Fusobacterium nucleatum (right sided endocarditis by F nucleatum). Rev Esp Cardiol 1991;44:207-9.
29. Goolamali SI, Carulli MT, Davies UM. Spinal abscess and mitral valve endocarditis secondary to asymptomatic fusobacterium-induced dental abscess. J R Soc Med 2006;99:368-9.
30. Kolander SA, Cosgrove EM, Molavi A. Clostridial endocarditis. Report of a case caused by Clostridium bifermentans and review of the literature. Arch Intern Med 1989;149: 455-6.
31. Alvarez-Elcoro S, Sifuentes-Osorio J. Clostridium perfringens bacteremia in prosthetic valve endocarditis. Diagnosis by peripheral blood smear. Arch Intern Med 1984;144:849-50.
32. Robles P, García-Gallego F, de Alba J, García J, Domínguez FJ, Oliver JM. Prosthetic endocarditis and splenic abscess caused by Clostridium clostridiformis. Rev Esp Cardiol 1997;50:360-2.
33. Muakkassa WF, Mohanty PK, Kipreous B, Lee HM, Goldman MH. Left ventricular mass with septic (Clostridium ramosum) arterial emboli in a renal allograft patient: report of a case and review of the literature. Transplant Proc 1983;15:1715-9.
34. Ridgway EJ, Grech ED. Clostridial endocarditis: report of a case caused by Clostridium septicum and review of the literature. J Infect 1993;26:309-13.
35. Cohen CA, Almeder LM, Israni A, Maslow JN. Clostridium septicum endocarditis complicated by aortic-ring abscess and aortitis. Clin Infect Dis 1998;26:495-6.
36. Nkoua JL, Kimbally-Kaky G, Ekoba J, Gombet T, Onkani AH, Oumba C, et al. Infectious endocarditis of gyneco-obstetric origin. Apropos of 15 cases. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 1993;22:425-8.
37. Gordon G, Axelrod JL. Case report: prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Pseudallescheria boydii and Clostridium limosum. Mycopathologia 1985;89:129-34.
38. Durmaz B, Agel HE, Sönmez E, Türköz R, Aydin E. Infective endocarditis due to Clostridium histolyticum. Clin Microbiol Infect 2000;6:561-3.
39. Moyano R, Gomez-Mateos M, Lozanode Leon F, Florez C, Jimenez-Ocana C, Gamboa F. Clostridium bifermentas: an exceptional agent of endocarditis. Clin Infect Dis 1994;18:837.
40. Mendes GM, Oplistil CP, Santos TJL, Mandy C. Clostridium perfringens as a cause of infectious endocarditis in a patient with a vascular prosthesis. Clin Infect Dis 1996;22:866-7.
41. Cutrona AF, Watanakunakorn C, Schaub CR, Jagetia A. Clostridium innocuum endocarditis. Clin Infect Dis 1995;21:1306-7.
42. Holland IIF, Fernandez L, Jacops J, Blooki H. Clostridial endocarditis following penetrating cardiac trauma. Clin Infect Dis 1997;24:87-8.
43. Robles P, Gorcia-Gallego F, de Alba J, Gorcia J, Dominguez FJ, Oliver JM. Prosthetic endocarditis and splenic abscess caused by Clostridium clostridioformis. Rev Esp Cardiol 1997;50:360-2.
44. Cone LA, Battista BA, Shaeffer Jr CW. Endocarditis due to Peptostreptococcus anaerobius: case report and literature review of peptostreptococcal endocarditis. J Heart Valve Dis 2003;12:411-3.
45. Zedtwitz-Liebenstein K, Gabriel H, Graninger W. Pacemaker endocarditis due to Propionibacterium acnes. Infection 2003;31:184-5.
46. Chakour M, Revel F, Godreuil C, Plotton C, Aubry A, Koeck JL. Infectious endocarditis due to Propionibacterium acnes on a mechanical heart valve and cardiac stimulator electrode. Presse Med 2002;31:1414.
47. Chua AG, Ding J, Schoch PE, Cunha BA. Pacemaker-induced endocarditis due to Propionibacterium acnes. Clin Infect Dis 1998;27:1541-2.
48. Charles P, Hot A, Ou P, Carbonnelle E, Sidi D, Nassif X, et al. Propionibacterium acnes endocarditis in an adolescent boy suffering from a congenital cardiopathy. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007; 26:856-8.
49. Vanagt WY, Daenen WJ, Delhaas T. Propionibacterium acnes endocarditis on an annuloplasty ring in an adolescent boy. Heart 2004;90:e56.
50. Harris KM, Ang E, Lesser JR, Sonnesyn SW. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for detection of an abscess associated with prosthetic valve IE: a case report. Heart Surg Forum 2007;10:E186-7.
51. Mohsen AH, Price A, Ridgway E, West JN, Green S, McKendrick MW. Propionibacterium acnes endocarditis in a native valve complicated by intraventricular abscess: a case report and review. Scand J Infect Dis 2001;33:379-80.
52. Caballero Güeto J, Arana R, Calle G, Caballero Güeto FJ, García del Río E, Sancho M, et al. Acute endocarditis of the native aortic valve caused by Propionibacterium acnes. Rev Esp Cardiol 1997;50:906-8.
53. van Leeuwen WJ, Kappetein AP, Bogers AJ. Acute dehiscence of a valve prosthesis 5 years after implantation. Int J Cardiol 2007;117:e79-81.
54. Clayton JJ, Baig W, Reynolds GW, Sandoe JA. Endocarditis caused by Propionibacterium species: a report of three cases and a review of clinical features and diagnostic difficulties. J Med Microbiol 2006;55:981-7.
55. Lalani T, Person AK, Hedayati SS, Moore L, Murdoch DR, Hoen B, et al., International Collaboration on Endocarditis Merged; Database Study Group. Propionibacterium endocarditis: a case series from the International Collaboration on Endocarditis Merged Database and Prospective Cohort Study. Scand J Infect Dis 2007;39:840-8.
56. Delahaye F, Fol S, Célard M, Vandenesch F, Beaune J, Bozio A, et al. Propionibacterium acnes infective endocarditis. Study of 11 cases and review of the literature. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 2005;98:1212-8.
57. Dutton WP, Inclan AP. Cardiac actinomycosis. Dis Chest 1968;54:463-7.
58. Schwartz DG, Christoff N. Actinomycosis with cerebral and probable endocardial involvement. J Mt Sinai Hosp N Y 1960;27:23-7.
59. Julian KG, de Flesco L, Clarke LE, Parent LJ. Actinomyces viscosus endocarditis requiring aortic valve replacement. J Infect 2005;50:359-62.
60. Zussa C, Ius P, Cesari F, Valfre C, Totis E, Canova C, et al. Fortuitous detection of prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by an uncommon etiologic agent. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1994;107:1167-8.
61. Greaves WL, Kaiser AB. Endocarditis due to Veillonella alcalescens. South Med J 1984;77:1211-2.
62. Loewe L, Rosenblatt P, Alture-Werber E. A refractory case of subacute bacterial endocarditis due to Veillonella gazogenes clinically arrested by a combination of penicillin, sodium paraaminohippurate, and heparin. Am Heart J 1946;32:327-38.
63. Houston SD, Taylor D, Rennie R. Prosthetic valve endocarditis due to Veillonella dispar: successful medical treatment following penicillin desensitization. Clin Infect Dis 1997;24:1013-4.
64. Loughrey AC, Chew EW. Endocarditis caused by Veillonella dispar. J Infect 1990;21:319-21.
65. Boo TW, Cryan B, O'Donnell A, Fahy G. Prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Veillonella parvula. J Infect 2005;50: 81-3.
66. Rovery C, Etienne A, Foucault C, Berger P, Brouqui P. Veillonella montpellierensis endocarditis. Emerg Infect Dis 2005;11:1112-4.
67. Sanchez MP, Inchaustegui BL, Ruiz DL. Infective endocarditis and pulmonary abscess in an intravenous drug addict caused by Veillonella parvula. Rev Clin Esp 1991;188:382-3.
68. Baddour LM. Infective endocarditis: new concepts in pathogenesis. Curr Opin Infect Dis 1999;12:201-4.
69. Moreillon P, Que YA. Infective endocarditis. Lancet 2004;363:139-49.
70. Loewe L, Rosenblatt P, Alture-Werber E. A refractory case of subacute bacterial endocarditis due to Veillonella gazogenes clinically arrested by a combination of penicillin, sodium para-aminohippurate, and heparin. Am Heart J 1946;32:327-38.
71. Sans MD, Crowder JG. Subacute bacterial endocarditis caused by Eubacterium acrofaciens. Report of a case. Am J Clin Pathol 1973;59:576-80.
72. Watanakunakorn C. Changing epidemiology and newer aspects of infective endocarditis. Adv Intern Med 1977;22:21-47.
73. Wilson WR, Martin WJ, Wilkowske CJ, Washington JA. Anaerobic bacteremia. Mayo Clin Proc 1972;47:639-46.
74. Lortholary O, Buu-Hoï A, Podglajen I, Boucherie JC, Pipien I, Gutmann L, et al. Endocarditis Caused by Multiply Resistant Bacteroides fragilis: Case Report and Review. Clin Microbiol Infect 1995;1:44-7.
75. Oh S, Havlen PR, Hussain N. A case of polymicrobial endocarditis caused by anaerobic organisms in an injection drug user. J Gen Intern Med 2005;20:C1-2.
76. Kopelman HA, Graham BS, Forman MB. Myocardial abscess with complete heart block complicating anaerobic infective endocarditis. Br Heart J 1986;56:101-4.
77. Chow AW, Guze LB. Bacteroidaceae bacteremia: clinical experience with 112 patients. Medicine 1974;53:93-126.
78. Ward OC, McGuire S, Denham B, Rashied AA. Experience of infective endocarditis in the years 1957 to 1981 - a review of fourteen cases. Ir Med J 1983;73:348-50.
79. Durack DT, Lukes AS, Bright DK. Duke Endocarditis Service: New criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis: utilization of specific echocardiographic findings. Am J Med 1994;96:220-9.
80. Sexton DJ, Spelman D. Current best practices and guidelines. Assessment and management of complications in infective endocarditis. Cardiol Clin 2003;21:273-82.
81. Finegold SM, George WL, Mulligan ME. Anaerobic infections. Part I DM. Dis Mon 1985;31:1-77.
82. Gesner BM, Jenkin CR. Production of heparinase by Bacteroides. J Bacteriol 1965;81:595-604.
83. Chu VH, Sexton DJ, Cabell CH, Reller LB, Pappas PA, Singh RK, et al. Repeat infective endocarditis: differentiating relapse from reinfection. Clin Infect Dis 2005;41:406-9.
84. Brook I. Treatment of anaerobic infection. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2007;5:991-1006.
85. Bricker JT, Latson LA, Huhta JC, Gutgesell HP. Echocardiographic evaluation of infective endocarditis in children. Clin Pediatr 1985;24:312-7.
86. Jassal DS, Weyman AE. Infective endocarditis in the era of intracardiac devices: an echocardiographic perspective. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2006;7:119-29.
87. Goldman PL, Durack DT, Petersdorf RG. Effect of antibiotics on the prevention of experimental Bacteroides fragilis endocarditis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1978;14:755-60.
88. Galgiani JN, Busch DF, Brass C, Rumans LW, Mangels JI, Stevens DA. Bacteroides fragilis endocarditis, bacteremia and other infections treated with oral or intravenous metronidazole. Am J Med 1978;65:284-9.
89. Tolan RW, Kleiman MB, Frank M, et al. Operative intervention in active endocarditis in children: report of a series of cases and review. Clin Infect Dis 1992;14:852-62.
90. Lerner PI, Weinstein L. Infective endocarditis in the antibiotic era. N Engl J Med 1966:274 [199-206;259-266;388-393].
91. Vogler WR, Dorney ER, Bridges HA. Bacterial endocarditis: A review of 148 cases. Am J Med 1962;32:910-21.
92. Huynh TT, Walling AD, Miller MA, Leung TK, Leclerc Y, Dragtakis L. Propionibacterium acnes endocarditis. Can J Cardiol 1995;11:785-7.
93. Caballero GJ, Arana R, Calle G, Caballero GFJ, Garcia del Rio E, Sancho M, et al. Acute endocarditis of the native aortic valve caused by Propionibacterium acnes. Rev Esp Cardiol 1997;50:906-8.
94. Menda KB, Gorbach SL. Favorable experience with bacterial endocarditis in heroin addicts. Ann Intern Med 1973;78:25-32.
95. Baddour LM, Meyer J, Henry B. Polymicrobial infective endocarditis in the 1980's. Rev Infect Dis 1991;13:963-70.
96. Dajani AS, Taubert KA, Wilson W, et al. Prevention of bacterial endocarditis. Recommendations by the American Heart Association. JAMA 1997;277:1794-801.
97. Antibacterial prophylaxis for dental, GI and GU procedures. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2005;47:59-60.
98. Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatterjee K, et al. ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing committee to revise the 1998 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease). J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:e1-148.
99. Wilson W, Taubert KA, Gewitz M, Lockhart PB, Baddour LM, Levison M, et al. Prevention of infective endocarditis: guidelines from the American Heart Association: a guideline from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis and Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. J Am Dent Assoc 2007;138:739-60.
100. Société de parhologie infectieuse de langue française (Spilf). Revision of the March 1992 consensus conference recommendations for the prophylaxix of infectious endocarditis. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 2003;22:920-9.
101. Gould FK, Elliott TS, Foweraker J, Fulford M, Perry JD, Roberts GJ, et al. Working Party of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. Guidelines for the prevention of endocarditis: report of the Working Party of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006;57:1035-42.