Prevention of bacterial endocarditis: Recommendations by the American Heart Association

JAMA

Volumn 277, Issue 22, 1997, Pages 1794-1801

  Dajani, Adrian S ^a   Taubert, Kathryn A ^a   Wilson, Walter ^a   Bolger, Ann F ^a   Bayer, Arnold ^a   Ferrieri, Patricia ^a   Gewitz, Michael H ^a   Shulman, Stanford T ^a   Nouri, Soraya ^a   Newburger, Jane W ^a   Hutto, Cecilia ^a   Pallasch, Thomas J ^b   Gage, Tommy W ^b   Levison, Matthew E ^c   Peter, Georges ^d   Zuccaro, Gregory ^e  

^a AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION   (United States)

^b AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION   (United States)

^c Infectious Diseases Society of America   (United States)

^d AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS   (United States)

^e American Soc Gastrointest Endosc   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMOXICILLIN; AMPICILLIN; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; AZITHROMYCIN; CEFADROXIL; CEFALEXIN; CEFAZOLIN; CLARITHROMYCIN; CLINDAMYCIN; ERYTHROMYCIN; GENTAMICIN; VANCOMYCIN;

ALGORITHM; ALPHA HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS; ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS; HUMAN; INFECTION PREVENTION; INFECTION RISK; INTRAMUSCULAR DRUG ADMINISTRATION; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ADMINISTRATION; MEDICAL SOCIETY; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 0343157354     PISSN: 00987484     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/jama.277.22.1794     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Dajani AS, Bisno AL, Chung KJ, et al. Prevention of bacterial endocarditis. JAMA. 1990,264:2919-2922.
2. Steckelberg JM, Wilson WR. Risk factors for infective endocarditis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1993;7:9-19.
3. Saiman L, Prince A, Gersony WM. Pediatric infective endocarditis in the modern era. J Pediatr. 1993;122:847-853.
4. Gersony WM, Hayes CJ, Driscoll DJ, et al. Bacterial endocarditis in patients with aortic stenosis, pulmonary stenosis, or ventricular septal defect. Circulation. 1993;87(suppl I):121-126.
5. Prabhu SD, O'Rourke RA. Mitral valve prolapse. In: Braunwald E, series ed, Rahimtoola SH, volume ed. Atlas of Heart Diseases: Valvular Heart Disease: Vol XI. St Louis, Mo: Mosby-Year Book Inc; 1997:10.1-10.18.
6. Boudoulas H, Wooley CF. Mitral valve prolapse. In: Emmanouilides GC, Riemenschneider TA, Allen HD, Gutgesell HP, eds. Moss and Adams Heart Disease in Infants, Children, and Adolescents Including the Fetus and Young Adult. 5th ed. Baltimore, Md: Williams & Wilkins; 1995:1063-1086.
7. Carabello BA. Mitral valve disease. Curr Probl Cardiol. 1993;7:423-478.
8. Devereux RB, Hawkins I, Kramer-Fox R, et al. Complications of mitral valve prolapse: disproportionate occurrence in men and older patients. Am J Med. 1986;81:751-758.
9. Danchin N, Briancon S, Mathieu P, et al. Mitral valve prolapse as a risk factor for infective endocarditis. Lancet. 1989;1:743-745.
10. MacMahon SW, Roberts JK, Kramer-Fox R, et al. Mitral valve prolapse and infective endocarditis. Am Heart J. 1987;113:1291-1298.
11. Marks AR, Choong CY, Sanfilippo AJ, Ferre M, Weyman AE. Identification of high-risk and low-risk subgroups of patients with mitral-valve prolapse. N Engl J Med. 1989;320:1031-1036.
12. Devereux RB, Frary CJ, Kramer-Fox R, Roberts RB, Ruchlin HS. Cost-effectiveness of infective endocarditis prophylaxis for mitral valve prolapse with or without a mitral regurgitant murmur. Am J Cardiol. 1994;74:1024-1029.
13. Zuppiroli A, Rinaldi M, Kramer-Fox R, Favilli S, Roman MJ, Devereux RB. Natural history of mitral valve prolapse. Am J Cardiol. 1995;75:1028-1032.
14. Wooley CF, Baker PB, Kolibash AJ, et al. The floppy, myxomatous mitral valve, mitral valve prolapse, and mitral regurgitation. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1991;33:397-433.
15. Morales AR, Romanelli R, Boucek RJ, Tate LG, Alvarez RT, Davis JT. Myxoid heart disease: an assessment of extravalvular cardiac pathology in severe mitral valve prolapse. Hum Pathol. 1992; 23:129-137.
16. Weissman NJ, Pini R, Roman MJ, Kramer-Fox R, Andersen HS, Devereux RB. In vivo mitral valve morphology and motion in mitral valve prolapse. Am J Cardiol. 1994;73:1080-1088.
17. Nishimura RA, McGoon MD, Shub C, et al. Echocardiographically documented mitral-valve prolapse. N Engl J Med. 1985;313:1305-1309.
18. McKinsey DS, Ratts TE, Bisno AL. Underlying cardiac lesions in adults with infective endocarditis. Am J Med. 1987;82:681-688.
19. Devereux RB, Kramer-Fox R, Kligfield P. Mitral valve prolapse: causes, clinical manifestations, and management. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111:305-317.
20. Stoddard MF, Prince CR, Dillon S, Longaker RA, Morris GT, Liddell NE. Exercise-induced mitral regurgitation is a predictor of morbid events in subjects with mitral valve prolapse. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;25:693-699.
21. Awadallah SM, Kavey REW, Byrum CJ, Smith FC, Kveselis DA, Blackman MS. The changing pattern of infective endocarditis in childhood. Am J Cardiol. 1991;68:90-94.
22. Durack DT. Prevention of infective endocarditis. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:38-44.
23. Cheitlin MD, Alpert JS, Armstrong WF, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for the clinical application of echocardiography: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Clinical Application of Echocardiography). Circulation. 1997;95:1686-1744.
24. Pallasch TJ, Slots J. Antibiotic prophylaxis and the medically compromised patient. Periodontol 2000. 1996;10:107-138.
25. Bender IB, Naidorf IJ, Garvey GJ. Bacterial endocarditis: a consideration for physicians and dentists. J Am Dent Assoc. 1984;109:415-420.
26. Guntheroth WG. How important are dental procedures as a cause of infective endocarditis? Am J Cardiol. 1984;54:797-801.
27. Kaye D. Prophylaxis for infective endocarditis: an update. Ann Intern Med. 1986;104:419-423.
28. Roman AR, App GR. Bacteremia, a result from oral irrigation in subjects with gingivitis. J Periodontol. 1971;42:757-760.
29. Felix JE, Rosen S, App GR. Detection of bacteremia after the use of oral irrigation device on subjects with periodontitis. J Periodontol. 1971;42: 785-787.
30. Hunter KD, Holborrow DW, Kardos TB, Lee-Knight CT, Ferguson MM. Bacteremia and tissue damage resulting from air polishing. Br Dent J. 1989;167:275-277.
31. Berger SA, Weitzman S, Edberg SC, Coreg JI. Bacteremia after use of an oral irrigating device. Ann Intern Med. 1974;80:510-511.
32. Berney P, Francioli P. Successful prophylaxis of experimental streptococcal endocarditis with single-dose amoxicillin administered after bacterial challenge. J Infect Dis. 1990;161:281-285.
33. Leviner E, Tzukert AA, Benoliel R, Baram O, Sela MV. Development of resistant oral viridans streptococci after administration of prophylactic antibiotics: time management in the dental treatment of patients susceptible to infective endocarditis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1987;64: 417-420.
34. Simmons NA, Cawson RA, Clark CA, et al. Prophylaxis of infective endocarditis. Lancet. 1986; 1:1267.
35. Niv Y, Bat L, Motro M. Bacterial endocarditis after Hurst bougienage in a patient with a benign esophageal stricture and mitral valve prolapse. Gastrointest Endosc. 1985;31:265-267.
36. Rodriguez W, Levine J. Enterococcal endocarditis following flexible sigmoidoscopy. West J Med. 1984;140:951-953.
37. Rigilano J, Mahapatra R, Barnhill J, Gutierrez J. Enterococcal endocarditis following sigmoidoscopy and mitral valve prolapse. Arch Intern Med. 1984;144:850-851.
38. Pritchard T, Foust R, Cantey R, Leman R. Prosthetic valve endocarditis due to Cardiobacterium hominis occurring after upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Am J Med. 1991;90:516-518.
39. Watanakunakorn C. Streptococcus bovis endocarditis associated with villous adenoma following colonoscopy. Am Heart J. 1988;116:1115-1116.
40. Baskin G. Prosthetic endocarditis after endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy: a failure of antibiotic prophylaxis. Am J Gastroenterol. 1989;84:311-312.
41. Yin T, Dellipiani A. Bacterial endocarditis after Hurst bougienage in a patient with a benign oesophageal stricture. Endoscopy. 1983;15:27-28.
42. Norfleet R. Infectious endocarditis after fiber-optic sigmoidoscopy. J CHn Gastroenterol. 1991; 13:448-451.
43. Logan R, Hastings J. Bacterial endocarditis: a complication of gastroscopy. BMJ. 1988;296:1107.
44. Botoman V, Surawicz C. Bacteremia with gastrointestinal endoscopie procedures. Gastrointest Endosc. 1986;32:342-346.
45. Bryne W, Euler A, Campbell M, Eisenach KD. Bacteremia in children following upper gastrointestinal endoscopy or colonoscopy. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1982;1:551-553.
46. Shull H, Greene B, Allen S, et al. Bacteremia with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Ann Intern Med. 1975;83:212-214.
47. Low D, Shoenut P, Kennedy J, et al. Prospective assessment of risk of bacteremia with colonoscopy and polypectomy. Dig Dis Sci. 1987;32:1239-1243.
48. Low D, Shoenut P, Kennedy J, et al. Risk of bacteremia with endoscopie sphincterotomy. Can J Surg. 1987;30:421-423.
49. Raines DR, Branch WC, Anderson DL, et al. The occurrence of bacteremia after oesophageal dilatation and oesophagogastroscopy. Aust N Z J Med. 1977;7:22-35.
50. Welsh JD, Griffiths WJ, McKee J, et al. Bacteremia associated with esophageal dilation. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1983;5:109-112.
51. Yin TP, Dellipiana AW. The incidence of bacteremia after outpatient Hurst bougienage in the management of benign esophageal stricture. Endoscopy. 1983;31:265-267.
52. Stephenson PM, Dorrington L, Harris OD, Rao A. Bacteraemia following oesophageal dilatation and oesophagogastroscopy. Aust N Z J Med. 1977; 7:32-35.
53. Ho H, Zuckerman M, Wassern C. A prospective controlled study of the risk of bacteremia in emer-gency sclerotherapy of esophageal varices. Gastroentemlogy. 1991;101:1642-1648.
54. Cohen L, Korsten M, Scherl E, et al. Bacteremia after endoscopic injection sclerosis. Gastrointest Endosc. 1983;29:198-200.
55. Tseng C, Green R, Burke S, et al. Bacteremia after endoscopic band ligation of esophageal varices. Gastrointest Endosc. 1992;38:336-337.
56. Sullivan N, Sutter V, Mims M, Marsh V, Finegold S. Clinical aspects of bacteremia after manipulation of the genitourinary tract. J Infect Dis. 1973;127:49-55.
57. Sugrue D, Blake S, Troy P, MacDonald D. Antibiotic prophylaxis against infective endocarditis after normal delivery: is it necessary? Br Heart J. 1980;44:499-502.
58. Child JS. Risks for and prevention of infective endocarditis. In: Child JS, ed. Cardiology Clinics -Diagnosis and Management of Infective Endocarditis. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1996;14: 327-343.
59. Dajani AS, Bawdon RE, Berry MC. Oral amoxicillin as prophylaxis for endocarditis: what is the optimal dose? Clin Infect Dis. 1994;18:157-160.
60. Fluckiger U, Franciolo P, Blaser J, Glauser MP, Moreillon P. Role of amoxicillin serum levels for successful prophylaxis of experimental endocarditis due to tolerant streptococci. J Infect Dis. 1994;169:397-400.
61. Rouse MS, Steckelberg JM, Brandt CM, Patel R, Miro JM, Wilson WR. Efficacy of azithromycin or clarithromycin for the prophylaxis of viridans streptococcal experimental endocarditis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. In press.
62. Sande MA, Mandell GL. Antimicrobial agents -tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and miscellaneous antibacterial agents. In: Oilman AG, Rall TW, Nies AS, Taylor P, eds. Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 8th ed. New York, NY: Pergamon Press Inc; 1990:1117-1145.
63. Bayer AS, Nelson RJ, Slama TG. Current concepts in prevention of prosthetic valve endocarditis. Chest. 1990;97:1203-1207.
64. Starkebaum M, Durack D, Beeson P. The incubation period of subacute bacterial endocarditis. Yale J Biol Med. 1977;50:49-58.
65. Durack DT, Kaplan EL, Bisno AL. Apparent failures of endocarditis prophylaxis: analysis of 52 cases submitted to a national registry. JAMA. 1983; 250:2318-2322.
66. Strom BL, Abrutyn E, Berlin JA, et al. Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent infective endocarditis? relative risks re-assessed. J Investig Med. 1996;44:229. Abstract.