Disability status, disease parameters, defense styles, and ego strength associated with psychiatric complications of multiple sclerosis

International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine

Volumn 38, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 307-327

  Hyphantis, Thomas N ^a,c   Christou, Konstantinos ^a   Kontoudaki, Stavroula ^a,b   Mantas, Christos ^a   Papamichael, George ^a   Goulia, Panagiota ^a   Konitsiotis, Spyros ^a   Mavreas, Venetsanos ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF IOANNINA   (Greece)

^b Department of Mental Health Centre of Chania ^*  (Greece)

^c UNIVERSITY OF IOANNINA   (Greece)

Author keywords

Defense styles; Depression; Disability; DSQ; Ego strength; Hostility; Multiple sclerosis; Personality; Psychological distress

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; COPING BEHAVIOR; DEFENSE MECHANISM; DEPRESSION; DISABILITY; DISEASE SEVERITY; DISTRESS SYNDROME; EGO STRENGTH; FEMALE; HOSTILITY; HUMAN; INTROVERSION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALADJUSTMENT; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; ONSET AGE; PARAMETER; PERSONALITY; RISK FACTOR; SYMPTOM;

ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; ADULT; AGE OF ONSET; COMORBIDITY; CONTROL GROUPS; DEFENSE MECHANISMS; DEPRESSION; DISABILITY EVALUATION; EGO; FEMALE; HEALTH STATUS; HOSTILITY; HUMANS; MALE; MENTAL DISORDERS; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; PERSONALITY; PERSONALITY INVENTORY; QUESTIONNAIRES;

EID: 57749171441     PISSN: 00912174     EISSN: 15413527     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2190/PM.38.3.g     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Sadovnick AD, Ebers GC. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis: A critical overview. Canadian Journal of Neurological Science 1993;20(1):17-29.
2. Noseworthy JH, Lucchinetti C, Rodriguez M, Weinshenker BG. Multiple sclerosis. New England Journal of Medicine 2000;343:938-952.
3. Siegert RJ, Abernethy DA. Depression in multiple sclerosis: A review. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2005;76:469-475.
4. Feinstein A. The neuropsychiatry of multiple sclerosis. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 2004;49:157-163.
5. Rodgers J, Bland R. Psychiatric manifestations of multiple sclerosis: A review. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 1996;41:441-445.
6. Feinstein A, Feinstein K. Depression associated with multiple sclerosis: Looking beyond diagnosis to symptom expression. Journal of Affective Disorders 2001;66:193-198.
7. Goldman Consensus Group. The Goldman Consensus statement on depression in multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis 2005;11(3):328-337.
8. Pattern SB, Metz LM. Depression in multiple sclerosis. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 1997;66(6):286-292.
9. Mitchell AJ, Benito-Leon J, Gonzales JM, Rivera-Navarro J. Quality of life and its assessment in multiple sclerosis: Integrating physical and psychological components of wellbeing. Lancet Neurology 2005;4:556-566.
10. Mohr DC, Cox D. Multiple sclerosis: Empirical literature for the clinical health psychologist. Journal of Clinical Psychology 2001;57(4):479-499.
11. Patten SB, Metz LM, Reimer MA. Biopsychosocial correlates of lifetime major depression in a multiple sclerosis population. Multiple Sclerosis 2000;6(2):115-120.
12. Lynch SG, Kroencke DC, Denney DR. The relationship between disability and depression in multiple sclerosis: The role of uncertainty, coping, and hope. Multiple Sclerosis 2001;7(6):411-416.
13. Chwastiak L, Ehde DM, Gibbons LE, Sullivan M, Bowen JD, Kraft GH. Depressive symptoms and severity of illness in multiple sclerosis: Epidemiologic study of a large community sample. American Journal of Psychiatry 2002;159(11):1862-1868.
14. Galeazzi GM, Ferrari S, Giaroli G, Mackinnon A, Merelli E, Motti L, Rigatelli M. Psychiatric disorders and depression in multiple sclerosis outpatients: Impact of disability and interferon beta therapy. Neurology and Science 2005;26(4):255-262.
15. Tsivgoulis G, Triantafyllou N, Papageorgiou C, Evangelopoulos ME, Kararizou E, Sfagos C, Vassilopoulos D. Associations of the Expanded Disability Status Scale with anxiety and depression in multiple sclerosis outpatients. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 2007;115(1):67-72.
16. Diana R, Grosz A, Mancini E. Personality aspects in multiple sclerosis. Italian Journal of Neurology and Science 1985;6(4):415-423.
17. Caviglia G, Crisi A, Azzoni A, Mazza S, Pinkus L. The mechanisms of repression and isolation in multiple sclerosis as regulators of personality system: A clinical study. Schweiz Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 1990;141(3):209-215.
18. Fournier M, de Ridder D, Bensing J. Optimism and adaptation to multiple sclerosis: What does optimism mean? Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1999 Aug; 22(4):303-326.
19. te Wildt BT, Schultz-Venrath U. Magical ideation-Defense mechanism or neuropathology? A study with multiple sclerosis patients. Psychopathology 2004;37(3):141-144.
20. Kneebone II, Dunmore E. Attributional style and symptoms of depression in persons with multiple sclerosis. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine 2004;11(2):110-115.
21. McCabe MP. Mood and self-esteem of persons with multiple sclerosis following an exacerbation. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2005;59(3):161-166.
22. Gottberg K, Einarsson U, Fredrikson S, von Koch L, Holmqvist LW. A population-based study of depressive symptoms in multiple sclerosis in Stockholm County: Association with functioning and sense of coherence. Journal of Neurology and Neurosurgical Psychiatry 2007;78(1):60-65.
23. Vaillant GE. Ego mechanisms of defense: A guide for clinicians and researchers. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1992.
24. Sartorius N, Jablensky A, Regier DA. Sources and traditions of classification in psychiatry. Toronto: Hogrefe and Huber, 1990.
25. Matsuura E, Ohta A, Kanegae F, et al. Frequency and analysis of factors closely associated with the development of depressive symptoms in patients with scleroderma. Journal of Rheumatology 2003;30(8):1782-1787.
26. Nietert PJ, Mitchell HC, Bolster MB, Curran MY, Tilley BC, Silver RM. Correlates of depression, including overall and gastrointestinal functional status, among patients with systemic sclerosis. Journal of Rheumatology 2005;32(1):51-57.
27. Hyphantis TN, Triantafillidis JK, Pappa S, Mantas C, Kaltsouda A, Cherakakis P, Alamanos Y, Manousos ON, Mavreas V. Defense mechanisms in inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of Gastroenterology 2005;40:24-30.
28. Hyphantis T, Kaltsouda A, Triantafillidis JK, Platis O, Karadagi S, Christou C, Mantas Ch, Argyropoulos A, Mavreas V. Personality correlates of adherence to type 2 diabetes regimens. International Journal of Psychiatry and Medicine 2005;35(1):103-107.
29. Hyphantis T, Tsifetaki N, Pappa C, Voulgari PV, Siafaka V, Bai M, Alamanos Y, Drosos AA, Mavreas V, Drosos AA. Clinical features and personality traits associated with psychological distress in systemic sclerosis patients. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2007;62(1):47-56.
30. Beresford TP, Alfers J, Mangum L, Clapp L, Martin B. Cancer survival probability as a function of ego defense (adaptive) mechanisms versus depressive symptoms. Psychosomatics 2006;47(3):247-253.
31. Mc Donald WI, Compston A, Edan G, et al. Recommended diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: Guidelines from the international panel on the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Annals of Neurology 2001;50:121-127.
32. Goldberg DP, Hillier VF. A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire. Psychology and Medicine 1979;9:139-145.
33. Garyfallos G, Karastergiou A, Adamopoulou A, Moutzoukis C, Alagiozidou E, Mala D, Garyfallos A. Greek version of the General Health Questionnaire: Accuracy of translation and validity. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1991;84:371-378.
34. Chandarana PC, Eals M, Steingart AB, Bellamy N, Allen S. The detection of psychiatric morbidity and associated factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 1987;32:356-361.
35. Derogatis LR. SCL-90-R: Administration, scoring, and procedure manual (3rd ed.). Minneapolis, MN: National Computer Systems, 1994.
36. Parker JC, Buckelew SP, Smarr KL, Buescher KL, Beck NC, Frank RG, Anderson SK, Walker SE. Psychological screening in rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Rheumatology 1990;17:1016-1021.
37. Donias S, Karastergiou A, Manos N. Standardization of the symptom checklist-90-R rating scale in a Greek population (in Greek with English abstract). Psychiatriki 1991;2:42-48.
38. Bond M. An empirical study of defense styles: The Defense Style Questionnaire. In: Vaillant GE (Eds.), Ego mechanisms of defense: A guide for clinicians and researchers. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1992.
39. Caine TM, Foulds GA, Hope K. Manual of Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire. London: University of London Press, 1967.
40. Barron, F. An ego strength scale which predicts response to psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting Psychology 1953;17:327-333.
41. Graham, JR. MMPI-2: Assessing personality and psychopathology (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
42. Varsou-Adamou A. Ego-Strength Scale in normal Greek population as well as in different psychopathological conditions (In Greek with English abstract). Doctoral Dissertation, University of Athens, Athens, 1996.
43. Kurtzke JF. Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: An expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology 1983;33:1444-1452.
44. Altman DG. Practical statistics for medical research. London: Chapman and Hall, p. 285, 1991.
45. Kesselring J. Prognosis in multiple sclerosis. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1997;127(12):500-505.
46. Antonak RF, Livneh H. Psychosocial adaptation to disability and its investigation among persons with multiple sclerosis. Social Science and Medicine 1995;40(8):1099-1108.
47. Meakin CJ. Screening for depression in the medically ill. The future of the paper and pencil tests. British Journal of Psychiatry 1992;160:212-216.
48. Arias Bal MA, Vazquez-Barquero JL, Pena C, Miro J, Berciano JA. Psychiatric aspects of multiple sclerosis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1991;83(4):292-296.
49. Devins GM, Styra R, O'Connor P, Gray T, Seland TP, Klein GM, Shapiro CM. Psychosocial impact of illness intrusiveness moderated by age in multiple sclerosis. Psychology Health and Medicine 1996;1:179-191.
50. Blackburn IM, Lyketsos G, Tsiantis J. The temporal relationship between hostility and depressed mood. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 1979;18(2):227-235.
51. Pakenham KI. Adjustment to multiple sclerosis: Application of a stress and coping model. Health and Psychology 1999;18:383-392.
52. Jean V, Paul RH, Beatty WW. Psychological and neurological predictors of coping patterns by patients with multiple sclerosis. Journal of Clinical Psychology 1999;55:21-26.
53. McCabe MP, McKern S, Mc Donald E. Coping and psychological adjustment among people with multiple sclerosis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2004;56:355-361.
54. Jopson NM, Moss-Morris R. The role of illness severity and illness representations in adjusting to multiple sclerosis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2003;54(6):503-501.