Cultural schemas in L1 and L2 compliment responses: A study of Persian-speaking learners of English

Journal of Politeness Research

Volumn 4, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 55-80

  Sharifian, F ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

Compliment responses; Cultural schema; Modesty; Persian (Farsi)

Indexed keywords

EID: 57749141751     PISSN: 16125681     EISSN: 16134877     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1515/PR.2008.003     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Arbib, Michael A. (1992). Schema theory. In The Encyclopaedia of Artificial Intelligence (2nd Edition), Stuart Shapiro (ed.), 1427-1443. Wiley-Interscience
2. Ahmadi, Nader and Fereshteh Ahmadi (1998). Iranian Islam: The Concept of the Individual. London: Macmillan Press
3. Bartlett, Frederic C. (1932) Remembering. Cambridge: The Cambridge University Press
4. Beeman, William O. (1976). Status, style and strategy in Iranian interaction. Anthropological Linguistics 18: 305-322
5. Beeman, William O. (1986). Language, Status, and Power in Iran. Bloomington: Indiana University Press
6. Beeman, William O. (1988). Affectivity in Persian language use. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 12: 9-30
7. Beeman, William O. (2001). Emotion and sincerity in Persian discourse: Accomplishing the representation of inner states. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 148: 31-57
8. Bobrow, Daniel G. and Daniel A. Norman (1975). Some principles of memory schemata. In Representation and Understanding: Studies in Cognitive Science, Daniel G. Bobrow and Allan M. Collins (eds.), 131-49.New York: Academic Press
9. Chen, Rong (1993). Responding to compliments: A contrastive study of politeness strategies between American English and Chinese speakers. Journal of Pragmatics 20: 49-75
10. D'Andrade, Roy G. (1995). The Development of Cognitive Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
11. Golato, Andrea (2002). German compliment responses. Journal of Pragmatics, 34: 547-571
12. Golato, Andrea (2003). Studying compliment responses: A comparison of DCTs and recordings of naturally occurring talk. Applied Linguistics 24 (1): 90-121
13. Herbert, Robert K. (1990). Sex-based differences in compliment behaviour. Language in Society 19:201-224
14. Hillmann, Michael C. (1981). Language and social distinctions. In Modern Iran: The Dialectics of Continuity and Change, Michael Bonině and Nikki R. Keddie (eds.), 327-40. Albany: State University of New York Press
15. Hodge, Carleton (1957). Some aspects of Persian style. Language 33: 355-369
16. Holmes, Janet (1988). Compliments and compliment responses in New Zealand English. Anthropological Linguistics 28: 485-508
17. Holmes, Janet (1995). Women, Men, and Politeness. London: Longman
18. Koutlaki, Sofia A. (2002). Offers and expressions of thanks as face enhancing acts: tae'arof in Persian. Journal of Pragmatics 34 (12): 1733-1756
19. Loh, T. W-C. (1993). Responses to compliments across languages and cultures: A comparative study of British and Hong Kong Chinese. Research Report No. 30. Hong Kong: City Polytechnic of Hong Kong
20. Lorenzo-Dus, Nuria (2001). Compliment responses among British and Spanish university students: A contrastive study. Journal of Pragmatics 33: 107-127
21. McKay, Sandra L. (2002). Teaching English as an International Language: Rethinking Goals and Approaches. Oxford: Oxford University Press
22. Malcolm, Ian G. and Farzad Sharifian (2002). Aspects of Aboriginal English oral discourse: An application of cultural schema theory. Discourse Studies 4 (2): 169-181
23. Nelson, Gayle L., Mahmud Al-Batal, and Erin Echols (1996). Arabic and English compliment responses: Potential for pragmatic failure. Applied Linguistics 17: 411-432
24. Norman, Donald A., David E. Rumelhart, and the LNR Research Group (1975). Explorations in Cognition. San Francisco: Freeman
25. Palmer, Gary B. (1996). Toward a Theory of Cultural Linguistics. Austin: University of Texas Press
26. Peeters, Bert (2004). Tall poppies and egalitarianism in Australian discourse: From key word to cultural value. English World-Wide 25 (1): 1-25
27. Pomerantz, Anita (1978). Compliment responses: Notes on the cooperation of multiple constraints. In Studies in the Organization of Conversational Interaction. Jim Schenkein (ed.), 115-132. New York: Academic Press
28. Rice, G. Elizabeth (1980). On cultural schemata. American Ethnologist 7: 152-71
29. Rumelhart, David E. (1980). Schemata: The building blocks of cognition. In Theoretical Issues in Reading and Comprehension, Rand J. Spiro, Bertram C. Bruce, and William F. Brewer (eds.), 33-58, Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
30. Schank, Roger C. and Robert P. Abelson (1977). Scripts. Plans, Goals, and Understanding. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
31. Sedgwick, Mark J. (2003). Safism: The Essentials. Cairo/New York: The American University in Cairo Press
32. Sharifian, Farzad (2001). Schema-based processing in Australian speakers of Aboriginal English. Language and Intercultural Communication 1 (2): 120-134
33. Sharifian, Farzad (2003). On cultural conceptualisations. Journal of Cognition and Culture. (3) 3: 187-207
34. Sharifian, Farzad (2004). Cultural schemas and intercultural communication: A study of Persian. In Outer Limits: A Reader in Communication and Behavior across Cultures, James Leigh and Eric Loo (eds.), 119-139. Melbourne: Language Australia
35. Sharifian, Farzad (2005a). Cultural conceptualisations in English words: A study of Aboriginal children in Perth. Language and Education. 19 (1), 74-88
36. Sharifian, Farzad (2005b). The Persian cultural schema of shekasteh-nafsi: A study of compliment responses in Persian and Anglo-Australian speakers. Pragmatics and Cognition. 13 (2), 337-361
37. Sharifian, Farzad and Gary Palmer (2007). Applied Cultural Linguistics: Implications for second language learning and intercultural communication. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins
38. Sharifian, Farzad (forthcoming-a). Distributed, emergent cultural cognition, conceptualisation, and language. In Body, Language, and Mind (Vol. 2): Sociocultural Situatedness, Roslyn M. Frank, Rene Dirven, Jordan Zlatev, and Enrique Bernárdez (eds.). Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter
39. Sharifian, Farzad. (ed.) (forthcoming-b). English as an International Language: Perspectives and Pedagogical Issues. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters
40. Shore, Bradd (1996). Culture in Mind: Cognition, Culture, and the Problem of Meaning. Oxford: Oxford University Press
41. Spencer-Oatey, Helen, Patrick Ng, and Li Dong (2000). Responding to compliments: British and Chinese evaluative judgments. In Culturally Speaking: Managing Rapport through Talk across Cultures, Helen Spencer-Oatey (ed.), 98-120. New York: Continuum
42. Spencer-Oatey, Helen and Patrick Ng (2001). Reconsidering Chinese modesty: Hong Kong and mainland Chinese evaluative judgements of compliment responses. Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 11 (2): 181-201
43. Strauss, Claudia and Naomi Quinn (1997). A Cognitive Theory of Cultural Meaning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
44. Taleghani-Nikazm, Carmen (2002). A conversation analytical study of telephone conversation openings between native and nonnative speakers. Journal of Pragmatics 34(12): 1807-1832
45. Wierzbicka, Anna (1987). Speech Act Verbs. Sydney: Academic Press
46. Wierzbicka, Anna (1991). Cross-cultural Pragmatics. Berlin/New York: Mouton De Gruyter
47. Wierzbicka, Anna (1996). Understanding Cultures through their Key Words. Oxford: Oxford University Press
48. Wolfson, Nessa (1981). Compliments in cross-cultural perspectives. TESOL Quarterly 15(2): 117-123
49. Wolfson, Nessa. 1983. An empirically based analysis of complimenting in American English. In Sociolinguistics and Language Acquisition. Nessa Wolfson and Elliot Judd (eds.), 82-95. Rowley, MA: Newbury House
50. Wolfson, Nessa and Joan Manes (1980). The compliment as a social strategy. International Journal of Human Communication 13: 410-453
51. Ye, Lei (1995). Complimenting in Mandarin Chinese. In Pragmatics of Chinese as Native and Target Language, Gabriele. Kasper (ed.), 207-302. Manoa, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press
52. Yuan, Yi (1996). Responding to compliments: A contrastive study of English pragmatics of advanced Chinese speakers of English. In Proceedings of the Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development, 20: 861-872
53. Yuan, Yi (2001). An inquiry into empirical pragmatics data-gathering methods: Written DCTs, oral DCTs, field notes, and natural conversations. Journal of Pragmatics 33: 271-292